Pharmaceutical Calculations PDF

Section 4 Effervescent solution (Potion Riviere): It is a mixture containing a recently prepared salt by combining an acid and a carbonate or bicarbonate at the time of dispensing and produce a mixture charged with CO2. Acid + Bicarbonate or carbonate CO2 + salt + H2 O Rx...

Section 4 Effervescent solution (Potion Riviere): It is a mixture containing a recently prepared salt by combining an acid and a carbonate or bicarbonate at the time of dispensing and produce a mixture charged with CO2. Acid + Bicarbonate or carbonate CO2 + salt + H2 O Rx Rx NaHCO3 0.35 g Citric acid 0.4 g Simple Syrup 2 ml Syrup of lemon 2 ml Water to 15 ml Water to 15 ml Fiat Alkaline Solution Fiat Acid Solution Mitte ii DOSES Mitte ii DOSES SIG:15 ml of each and mixed directly before use. Rx Rx NaHCO3 0.7 gm 0.35gm Citric acid 0.40.8 gmgm Simple Syrup 24 ml ml Syrup of lemon 2 4ml ml Water to Up to 1530 mlml Water to Up 15to ml30 ml Fiat Alkaline Solution Fiat Acid Solution Mitte ii DOSES Mitte ii DOSES SIG:15 ml of each and mixed directly before use. Calculations: 1. F = 2/1 2. Amount of vehicle = 30-4=26 ml Dissolve NaHCO3 in 2/3 Dissolve citric acid in 2/3 vehicle (20 ml H2O) vehicle (20 ml H2O) Add syrup Add syrup of lemon Complete to final volume with water Pour in separate bottles and label Label: Potion Riviere The Acidic Solution One tablespoonful of each solution to be mixed directly before use Potion Riviere The Alkaline Solution One tablespoonful of each solution to be mixed directly before use Uses of each ingredient: NaHCO3 , citric acid: inert components which react to give CO2 (A.I.) Simple syrup: sweetening agent Syrup of lemon: sweetening and flavoring agent Water: vehicle General Use: Antiemetic, increasing gastric secretion CO2produced: refreshing, digestant and causing numbness of taste buds so masking salty taste.  Effervescentpreparations are more agreeable to the taste when slightly acidic It’s better to have slight excess of the acid by using syrup of lemon which has some acidity (but not added to alkaline solution or it gives dead mixture).  Infusion Definition: It is a dilute solution of the readily soluble constituents of crude drugs. Fresh infusions are prepared by soaking the drugs for a short time with either cold or boiling water. The Infusion Senna: Senna leaves 5g 1.5g Boiling water to 100ml 30ml Fiat mitte 30ml Calculations: F=0.3 40% Excess water 40/100*30=12ml 12+30=42ml Uses: Senna: Laxatives in small doses. Water: Vehicle and water extracting solvent. Generally: Vehicle for purgative preparation.  Draught Definition: It is a liquid pharmaceutical preparation intended for oral administration. It is usually prescribed in large doses. Black Draught: MgSO4 250g 7.5g Cpd. Tr. Cardomum 100ml 3ml Liq extract of liquorice 50ml 1.5ml Aromatic spirit NH3 50ml 1.5ml Infusion senna to 1000ml 30ml Fiat mist mitte 30ml Sig 30ml o.m. Calculations: F=30/1000 Amt of vehicle=30-(3+1.5+1.5)=24ml Uses: MgSO4 Purgative Cpd. Tr. Cardomum Antispadmodic & Carminative Liq extract of liqourice Sweetening agent Aromatic spirit NH3 Alkalinizer Infusion senna Medicated vehicle  Decoction Definition: It is a process which extract water soluble and heat stable constituents from crude drugs by boiling in water Practical work: Rx K citrate 4g Tr. Hyoscyamin 2ml Dec. Ammi visnaga to 30ml Ft:Mist Mitte 1 Dose Sig: Dose 1 t.d.s p.c Calculations: F=1 Decoction=30-2=28ml Decoction of Ammi visnaga: Rx Ammi visnaga 5g 1.5g Cold water 100ml 30ml Fiat: Ammi Visnaga decoction Mitte 30ml Calculations: F=30/100=0.3 40% Excess water 40/100*30=12ml 12+30=42ml  Crushed plant 1. To ensure softening of +water+40%xss hard tissues 2. Removal of air bubbles 3. Efficient contact Soaking for between water & drug to 20 min. improve extraction Filter through a Albuminous matter are Boil for 10 wetted cotton coagulated by heating and min. (press) retained on cotton Adjust to final volume with cold water Uses: K citrate Alkalinizer Tr. Hyoscyamus Antispasmodic Dec. Ammi visnaga Antispasmodic Comparison between infusion and decoction: Infusion (5%) Decoction 1. Definition Dilute sol of soluble constituents Extract of water sol & heat of crude drugs with delicate stable constituents of crude (soft) tissues drugs with hard tissues 2. Extracting Cold or boiling water Boiling water only solvent 3. Don’t press cotton Press cotton 4. Don’t adjust to final volume Adjust to final volume 5. Thermosensitive Thermostable Tools: Watch glass Spatula 250 ml beakers glass rod 50 ml cylinders 10 ml cylinders Funnel Cotton amber bottles Labels 10 ml graduated pipette dropper