Midterm Lesson 3 (Purposive Communication) – PDF

Course Code : Eng. 101 Task 1: Descriptive Title : Purposive Communication Now let us see how ready are you in developing your intercultural...

Course Code : Eng. 101 Task 1: Descriptive Title : Purposive Communication Now let us see how ready are you in developing your intercultural communication skills. Try to answer the questions below with a yes or no. Lesson 01: Local & Global Communication in Multicultural Setting ________1. Are you easily irritated by the accent a person has? ________2. Are you sensitive when a person with a different cultural background Communication cannot easily follow your instructions?  simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group ________3. Do you find it interesting to talk to people who have different cultural to another. background from you? ________4. Do you believe that there is a superior culture?  the process of sending and receiving messages through verbal and non- ________5. Do you think you can endure working in a multicultural setting? verbal means, including speech or oral communication. Globalization What are the variations of intercultural communication?  the process of bringing people together and making them interact and Samovar and Porter (2001) enumerated some of the variations of intercultural exchange ideas across traditional borders (Nowaczyk, 2017) communication as follows:  Increasing economic, political and cultural integration and interdependence of diverse cultures (Gamble and Gamble, 2013) 1. Interracial communication is the interaction among people of different races. The differences between Multicultural vs. Cross-cultural vs. Intercultural 2. Inter-ethnic communication is the interaction among people of different Multicultural ethnic groups.  refers to the presence of multiple cultures within a society 3. International communication is the interaction between persons representing  This can be due to immigration, cultural exchange, or other factors. different political structures. Cross-cultural 4. Intra-cultural communication is the interaction with members of the same  refers to the study of relationships between people from different racial or ethnic group or co-culture as yours. cultures  It can involve studying how culture shapes our understanding of the Task 2: world or examining how cultural differences can lead to Identify the variations of intercultural communication in each sentences. misunderstandings and conflict. Intercultural 1. A group of social workers educating the members of the tribes from Baguio  emphasizes the importance of communication & interaction between about the benefits that the government allotted them. people from different cultures.  It aims to build relationships & promote understanding between people 2. A tourist guide conducting a tour for a group of people with different from different cultures. nationalities. What is Intercultural Communication? 3. The queen of England talking to the president of the Philippines.  is the sharing of meanings with and receiving and interpreting ideas from people whose cultural background is different from yours o In an intercultural society, you grow and learn from one another. 4. An owner of an international company having a teleconference with his o A deep understanding of each other’s culture can also lead to earning the respect of the members of the society. managers from different countries. 5. Members of the same organization having an acquaintance party. 2. Accommodation - the means by which co-culture members maintain their cultural identity while striving to establish relationships with members of the dominant culture. 6. An international correspondent interviewing the aborigines of Australia for a television documentary. 7. The president of a parliamentary government meeting the president of a democratic government. 8. The head of the Manobo tribe meeting his constituents. CULTURE and CO-CULTURE 3. Separation - co-culture members use to resist interacting with members of the The differences between Culture & Co-culture dominant culture. Culture  a system of knowledge, beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that are required, shared, and used by members during daily living Co-culture  culture within a culture  composed of members of the same general culture who differ in some ethnic or sociological way from the parent culture Co-cultural Strategies The following are suggestions on how one conducts himself/herself within cultural occasion. 1. Assimilation - the means by which co-culture members attempt to fit in with members of the dominant culture. Four variables used to distinguish cultures o Members are dominant and competitive, they tend to confront 1. Individualism vs. Collectivism conflicts head-on and are likely to use a win-lose conflict strategy. Individualism o Japan, Italy, Germany, Mexico, and Great Britain o individual goals are stressed Feminine o emphasis is placed on developing a sense of self o value tenderness and relationships o Great Britain, United States, Canada, France, and Germany o Members are more apt to compromise and negotiate to resolve Collectivism conflicts, seeking win-win solutions. o group goals are stressed o Sweden, Norway, Netherlands, Thailand, and Chile o individual is expected to fit into the group o Arab, African, Asian, and Latin American 2. High-context vs. Low-context Communication High-context o tradition-bound communication system which depends on indirectness o appear to be overly polite and indirect in relating to others Low-context o a system that encourages directness in communication o tend to gather background information when meeting someone for the first time 3. High-power Distance vs. Low- power Distance High- power Distance o based on power differences in which subordinates defer to superiors o Superiors and subordinates in these countries are likely to view each other differently. o Saudi Arabia, India, and Malaysia Low- power Distance o believe that power should be used only when legitimate o Superiors and subordinates emphasize their interdependence by displaying a preference for consultation: subordinates will even contradict their bosses when necessary. o Israel, Sweden, and the United States 4. Masculine vs. Feminine Culture Masculine o value aggressiveness, strength, ang material symbols of success Course Code : Eng. 101 Cultural relativism Descriptive Title : Purposive Communication  When you practice cultural relativism, instead of viewing the group to which you belong as superior to all others, you work to try to understand the Lesson 02: Cultural and Global Issues Affecting Communication behavior of other groups on the basis of the context in which the behavior occurs rather than from your own frame of reference. Cultural Differences: Influences on Cultural Identity 1. Our racial and ethnic identities are similarly socially constructed. Some racial and ethnic groups, for example, share experiences of oppression. Their attitudes and Stereotype vs. Prejudice behaviors may reflect their struggles, influencing their attitudes toward contemporary issues such as affirmative action. 1. Stereotype o are mental images or pictures we carry around in our heads; they are 2. Religious identity is at the root of countless contemporary conflicts occurring in shortcuts, whether positive or negative, that guide our reactions to the Middle East, India and Pakistan, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Even the others. conflicts in some areas in our country especially in Mindanao, were caused partly o When attached to the way we view the world, stereotypes generate if not mainly by conflicting religious orientations. unrealistic pictures of others and prevent us from distinguishing an individual from a group. 3. Similarly, socioeconomic identity frames how we respond to issues of our day. o Racial profiling is just one example of how stereotyping affects The widening gap between the ultra-wealthy and the middle and lower classes in worldwide. the different parts of the world is contributing to their developing different attitudes on a wide array of issues. 2. Prejudice o describes how we feel about a group of people whom, more likely than 4. National identity refers to legal status or citizenship. People from different not, we do not personally know. countries have been U.S. citizens for generations, yet some still perceive them as o Prejudice leads to the creation of in-groups and out-groups members foreigners. becoming easy targets for discrimination. Ethnocentrism vs. Cultural Relativism Ethnocentrism Ways to Improve the Ability to Communicate Inter-culturally  the tendency to see your own culture as superior to all others, is a key 1. Refrain from formulating expectations based solely on your own culture. characteristic of failed intercultural communication efforts. 2. Recognize how faulty education can impede understanding.  People who are ethnocentric experience great anxiety when interacting with 3. Make a commitment to develop communication skills and abilities appropriate to persons from different cultures. life in a multicultural world.  They lack cultural flexibility and are particularly unprepared to meet the challenges posed by our society and our world today.  View groups other than your own as inferior.  They tend to blame others for problems and seek to maintain they’re distances.