Safety Management Principles PDF

The Safety Stereotype Stereotype - a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. - a generalized assumption of a group of people or situation based on a certain quality or trait....

The Safety Stereotype Stereotype - a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. - a generalized assumption of a group of people or situation based on a certain quality or trait. The Management Dilemma - a phenomenon that affects roughly 80% of all managers. It gets triggered when your demands and responsibilities increase, yet the resources you have available to meet them do not. Safety Management - Eight Building Blocks 1. Senior management’s commitment to the management of safety. 2. Effective safety reporting. 3. Continuous monitoring through systems to collect, analyze, and share safety-related data arising from normal operations. 4. Investigation of safety occurrences with the objective of identifying systemic safety deficiencies rather than assigning blame. 5. Sharing safety lessons learned and best practices through the active exchange of safety information. 6. Integration of safety training for operational personnel. 7. Effective implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), including the use of checklists and briefings. 8. Continuous improvement of the overall level of safety. Four Responsibilities for Managing Safety Risk - The assessment, expressed in terms of predicted probability and severity, of the consequence(s) of a hazard taking as reference the worst foreseeable situation. - A wind of 15 knots blowing directly across the runway is a hazard. 1. First Fundamental - Safety Risk - The identification, analysis and elimination, and/or mitigation to an acceptable level of risks that threaten the capabilities of an organization. - Objective: Aims at a balanced allocation of resources to address all risks and viable risk control and mitigation. - Importance: A key component of safety management systems. Data-driven approach to safety resources allocation, thus defensible and easier to explain Cost-benefit analysis Direct costs - The obvious costs, which are easily determined. The high costs of exposure of hazards can be reduced by insurance coverage. a. Purchasing insurance only transfers monetary risk, and does not address the safety hazard. Indirect costs - The uninsured costs. An understanding of uninsured costs (or indirect costs) is fundamental to understand the economics of safety. - Examples: a. Loss of business b. Damage to the reputation c. Loss of use of equipment d. Loss of staff productivity e. Legal actions and claims f. Fines and citations g. Insurance deductibles 2. Second Fundamental - Probability – The likelihood that an unsafe event or condition might occur. - Questions for assessing the probability of an occurrence: a. Is there a history of occurrences like the one being assessed, or is the occurrence an isolated event? b. What other equipment, or similar type components, might have similar defects? - questions such as: a. What number of operating or maintenance personnel must follow the procedure (s) in question? b. How frequently is the equipment or procedure under assessment used? 3. Third Fundamental - Severity – The possible consequences of an unsafe event or condition, taking as reference the worst foreseeable situation. - Define the severity in terms of consequences for: a. Property b. Finance c. Liability d. People e. Environment f. Image g. Public confidence - Questions for assessing the severity of an occurrence: a. How many lives may be lost? 1. Employees 2. Passengers 3. Bystanders 4. General public - What is the environmental impact? a. Spill of fuel or other hazardous product b. Physical disruption of natural habitat - questions such as: a. What is the severity of the property or financial damage? 1. Direct operator property loss 2. Damage to aviation infrastructure 3. Third party damage 4. Financial impact and economic impact for the State - Are there organizational, management or regulatory implications that might generate larger threats to public safety? - What are the likely political implications and/or media interest? 4. Fourth Fundamental 5. Fifth Fundamental - Mitigation – Measures to address the potential hazard or to reduce the risk probability or severity. - Risk mitigation = Risk control (Mitigate – To make milder, less severe or less harsh) - Strategies Avoidance – The operation or activity is cancelled because risks exceed the benefits of continuing the operation or activity. a. Operations into an aerodrome surrounded by complex geography and without the necessary aids are canceled. Reduction - The frequency of the operation or activity is reduced, or action is taken to reduce the magnitude of the consequences of the accepted risks. a. Operations into an aerodrome surrounded by complex geography and without the necessary aids are limited to day-time, visual conditions. Segregation of exposure – Action is taken to isolate the effects of the consequences of the hazard or build-in redundancy to protect against it. a. Operations into an aerodrome surrounded by complex geography are limited to aircraft with specific/performance navigation capabilities. b. Non RVSM equipped aircraft are not allowed to operate into RVSM airspace.