Welcome Back - Science - Lab Course PDF

2 Class Expectations:  Respect each other. show respect to your teacher and collages. Listen when others are speaking (one mic ) Avoid using any bad language. (deal…………..  Use the session time in a proper way.  Raise your hands if you have a question or to speak and wait...

2 Class Expectations:  Respect each other. show respect to your teacher and collages. Listen when others are speaking (one mic ) Avoid using any bad language. (deal…………..  Use the session time in a proper way.  Raise your hands if you have a question or to speak and wait for your turn.  Show care to the subject : Arrive to class on time. be ready with supplies. Submit assignments on time. ( to be on track).  Phones are not allowed under any circumstances in my session. Required Materials: A gadget “BUT NOT A MOBILE PHONE!” A notebook.. Pens, a pencil, and colors. A pair of scissors. Glue stick and a lab coat. Resources: The notes taken during classes. Classwork worksheets. Ppts, and various documents uploaded to the private storage on SCL. Grade Weighting Participation Warm Note (sheets, on up Behavior book line) Weekly After Module At the end of the term hear about you Integrated science : this course is planned to cover the following topics. The timeline is approximate and may change.  1st Term: Chemistry: Unit(1) Structure and properties of matter Lesson 1 What is Chemistry? Lesson2: Elements and Compounds. Lesson 3: Mixtures of Matter. Unit(2) Mixtures and solutions: Lesson 1 Types of Mixtures Lesson 2 Solution Concentration Lesson 3 Factors Affecting Solvation Lesson 4 Colligative Properties of Solutions Unit(3): Organic chemistry. Lesson 1 Introduction to Hydrocarbons. Lesson 2 Alkanes. Lesson 3 Alkenes and Alkynes. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Lesson 1 Nuclear Reactions.  2nd. Term: Physics : Unit 4: From the Atom to the Universe. ▪ Lesson 1: Quantum Theory & The Atom. ▪ Lesson 2: Formation of the Universe ▪ Lesson 3: Formation of the Solar System. Unit 5: Light, Sound, and Wave Phenomenon. ▪ Lesson 1: Wave properties. ▪ Lesson 2: Wave Behavior. ▪ Lesson 3: Properties of Sound. ▪ Lesson 4: The Wave Nature of Light. ▪ Lesson 5: Reflection & Refraction of light. 3rd. Term: Biology: Unit 6: Molecular genetics ▪ Lesson 1: DNA Structure. ▪ Lesson 2: DNA Replication. ▪ Lesson 3: Protein Synthesis. ▪ Lesson 4: Mutation & Biodiversity. ▪ Lesson 5: Biotechnology. Unit 7: Interactions with the environment ▪ Lesson 1: Interdependency. ▪ Lesson 2: Cycling of Matter. ▪ Lesson 3: Photosynthesis. ▪ Lesson 4: Cellular Respiration. ▪ Lesson 5: Old Vs. Modern Classification. ▪ Lesson 6: Domains & Kingdoms. CHEMISTRY GRADE 10 UNIT (1) STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER. MODULE (1)THE CENTRAL SCIENCE LESSON (1) WHAT IS CHEMISTRY ?  OBJECTIVES: 1. Remember what is meant by matter. 2. Recognize chemistry and its importance in our life. 3. Explore the branches of chemistry. 4. Differentiate between theory and scientific law. 5. Differentiate between different types of scientific investigation. 13 Matter: Any thing around us that has mass and takes amount of space. Why did scientists define matter by using mass not weight ? Explain why scientists use mass instead of weight for their measurements. Mass is constant and is not affected by gravity, but Weight varies with gravity When the matter has a definite and uniform composition It is called Chemical substance Or substance ( water , Glucose, CO2 , ……………………. 2. Define substance and give two examples of things that are substances. Substance is a matter has a definite and uniform composition As table salt (NaCl) and table sugar (sucrose, C12H22O11)  Is everything in life matter? The thoughts ,ideas that fill your head and emotions are not matter; neither are heat, light, radio waves, nor magnetic fields.  Chemistry A branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of the matter and the changes that it undergoes. "Why is chemistry important to us ?" Form gps. Let’s watch the following Video Heads together to write 5 importances of chemistry in our life. Chemistry is all around us!. Do you agree? 19  THE OF CHEMISTRY 1- Chemistry helps us to study the atomic and molecular structures of substances (the bonds between them) to understand their properties 2- It helps in discovery of new products in medicine ,agriculture and industry 3-Chemistry helps in understanding and controlling the chemical reactions 4)It helps in treating some Environmental problems , such as pollution of (water – air – soil ) and the shortage of water.  Man has known and applied chemistry Since ancient civilizations,  In medicine , some industries such as dying clothes, and the production of glass.  The ancient Egyptians used it in mummifying their dead. Ancient Egyptians preserved the body for the afterlife by removing internal organs and moisture and wrapping the body. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/egypt-art/beginners- guide-egypt/v/the-mummification-process 24  Chemistry is a science that studies……………. all about the the Matter’s composition , its A properties and B changes, the reactions of different substances behavior of matter. studying living extraordinary properties C organisms D Of the substances Q2) Explain why the study of chemistry should be important to everyone.. Bec, Chemistry is the study of matter, and everything is made of matter  Chemistry is considered the central science to understand the other sciences ,It is essential to study the matters and their composition. Is there an integration between chemistry and the other branches of science ? 26 ACTIVITY :VIDEO WATCH THE VIDEO AND MENTION 3 EXAMPLES OF BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY. https://youtu.be/4ekf0J-W5k0 Biochemistry – Analytical chemistry – organic chemistry – Thermochemistry- Environmental- Theoretical – polymer – physical – inorganic chemistry 28 1)Organic chemistry: is the study of the structure, properties of carbon-containing compounds.  3)Physical chemistry A branch concerned with studying the behavior and changes of matter As( Force , gravity , rate of reaction ,............. 2) 31  4)Analytical chemistry: A branch of chemistry that is interested in detection of the components of the substance quantitatively and qualitatively Example : To check the international standards for the usage of water 32 5)Biochemistry It studies the chemical structure of the components of the cell in living organisms like (structure of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and other). and the chemical reactions that occur inside the organisms as digestion , fermentation,…………. 6)Polymer chemistry: It is the study of large molecules 34 7)Environmental chemistry: It studies matter and environment. Example : Determining the concentration of pollution in a sample of air or water or soil. 8)Industrial chemistry: It studies the chemical processes in industry Example : the chemical processes in making medicine, cement , paintings , fertilizers,. 35 9)Theoretical chemistry: It develops theoretical aspects and theories 10)Thermochemistry : It the study of the heat energy which is associated with chemical reactions such as melting and boiling. 36 Chemistry:The Central Science Some Branches of Chemistry REAL-WORLD CONNECTION Analyze the importance of chemistry in our society using the branches of chemistry as examples. 1)Without organic and inorganic chemistry, we would not have the advances in medicine that are due to the development of life-saving pharmaceuticals 2)Physical chemistry has supported the development of appliances like air conditioning, faster motors, and more. 3)Biochemistry research helps detectives use DNA samples to solve crimes. 38  Science is the use of evidences to build testable explanations and predictions (hypothesis).. to gain the knowledge Theory and Scientific Law A theory is an explanation that has been supported by many experiments. Theories are successful if they can be used to make predictions that are true. ( Atomic theory,………………………….) A scientific law is a relationship in nature that is supported by many experiments, and no exceptions to these relationships are found. (Laws of reflection , laws of hereditary,……………….)  Types of Scientific Investigations Pure research is research to gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge itself. For example, the study of carbon molecules in space led to the discovery of buckyballs Applied research Is research undertaken to solve a specific problem. For example, scientists have developed ways to use buckminsterfullerenes to fight cancer. Chemistry uses models of matter at the submicroscopic or atomic scale to explain the behavior of matter at the macroscopic scale. Model is a visual, verbal, or mathematical explanation of data.  Q)Which of the following is Pure research and which one is applied research ? Researches create new antibiotic to combat bacterial infections. applied research How was the universe formed? Pure research What are protons, neutrons, and electrons composed of? Pure research Development of a new vaccine to combat a specific viral strain. applied research What are the properties of boron? Pure research Introducing a genetically modified crop variety to applied research improve yield and pest resistance. ✘ InBaamboozle 42  (Organic chemistry – Inorganic - Analytical chemistry - Physical chemistry. - Environmental chemistry Polymer chemistry – biochemistry ). 1)The science that is interested in studying the conversion of the liquid water to water vapor and vice versa to preserve the equilibrium in nature is the …… 2)……….is branch of chemistry that is interested in the studying the chemical structure of the components of the cell in living organisms like fats, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and others. 3). …………is specialized in the study of the properties and behavior of substances as movement mass, force 4). …………is the branch of chemistry that analyzes new chemicals made from carbon-containing building blocks to identify its properties. 43 Q5)Organize the following terms by arranging them from largest to smallest. macroscopic, submicroscopic, microscopic macroscopic, microscopic, submicroscopic Q6)Summarize why it is important for chemists to study changes in the world at a submicroscopic level. The changes you see with your eyes begin with changes at the submicroscopic level. Q7)Explain a chemical model by completing the following sentences. The……… , composition, and…………….. of all matter can be explained on a…………….. level. All that we observe depends on …………….and the ………………………….they undergo. ………………………….seeks to explain the submicroscopic events that lead to ………………………………... One way to do this is by making a chemical model, which is a …………………………. of a ………………………………… Q8)Describe scientific investigations by completing the following sentences. Pure research becomes…………………….. when scientists develop a hypothesis based on the data and try to solve a specific problem. 44 REAL-WORLD CONNECTION Analyze the importance of chemistry in our society using the branches of chemistry as examples. 1)Without organic and inorganic chemistry, we would not have the advances in medicine that are due to the development of life-saving pharmaceuticals 2)Physical chemistry has supported the development of appliances like air conditioning, faster motors, and more. 3)Biochemistry research helps detectives use DNA samples to solve crimes. 45  The movement of ions with and against the gravity of earth through a root hair of a plant. Suggest the names of sciences that are integrated with chemistry in this kind of studies …………………, ………………… , …………………………….. 46 https://www.baamboozle.com/game/1782328 47 THANKS! Any questions? LAB COURSE LABORATORY SAFETY RULES The following safety rules must be always followed in the laboratory. Students who do not follow this rule will be asked to leave the lab immediately. 1. White coats and Safety goggles must be always worn in the lab. 2. Never eat or drink in the lab. Food may pick up toxic chemicals. 3. Never inhale fumes or vapors. 4. Never taste any chemical. 5. Never work in the lab without an instructor in charge. An accident may happen when mixing simple chemicals. 6. Leave chemicals in their proper place. Do not carry original containers of chemicals to your benchtop. 7. Don’t experiment on your self. 8.Avoid touching hot objects. 9. Never point the open end of the test tube towards your self or to any other one. 10. Don’t throw any chemical in the sink.  CHEMICAL LABORATORY Chemical exp. requires safety precautions , source of water , a source of heat (a Bunsen flame), Cupboards to store chemicals and tools, and various apparatuses as (sensitive balance , beakers ,cylinders , tools to measure PH,…………………..  1. BEAKERS -1) mixing liquids and solutions. 2) transferring a known volume of liquid 2. GRADUATED CYLINDER 1. Used to measure volume of liquids and volume of solids 3. It is more accurate than flasks.. FLASKS: 1) Conical Flask 1) Volumetric flask 1. It’s made of Pyrex glass 1) Round bottom and has a flat base. Flask 2. Used in titration 1. it’s used in preparing 1. Made of glass and processes. standard solutions has a rounded bottom 2.Used in preparation (very accurate known concentration). and distillation processes  BURETTE Known volume and conc. The burette is used to measure volume of solutions in a high degree of accuracy During titrations. Known (v) but unknown con. ? pH is a measure of how acidic/basic the matter is. The range goes from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. The pH of water is 7  Quiz time https://quizizz.com/join/quiz/5f78fd0770b144001b0407e6/start?studentShare=true