3018PSY Week 8.pdf

3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 collective entity like a com- pany, institute or associa- organisation...

3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 collective entity like a com- pany, institute or associa- organisation tion with a common pur- pose aim to understand/change norms, processes and organisation level ap- structures within the org to proaches change behaviour of peo- ple linked to the organisa- tion creating/enabling opportu- nities for the behaviour create/enable social net- works to promote/support behaviour promote access to fi- org level change strate- nancial and material re- gies can include sources for the desired be- haviour org level approach can be used to change individual level influences, but an in- dividual level approach is 1 / 14  3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 unlikely to change org level influences control costs increase profits most organisations goals improve quality are about enhance reputation satisfy shareholders job security salary/benefits career development employee goals in organi- recognition sations are about empowerment better conditions being a part of something new collection of people pursu- ing goals management structure ppl have specific roles and key features of an organi- responsibilities sation differences in status, pow- er, duties open systems: influence and are influences by envi- ronment 2 / 14  3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 renumeration regulation and compliance psych contracts (fair work for fair days pay) employee organisation re- perceived organisation lationship includes support leader/member exchange how job tasks go organisational structures formally divided define grouped coordinated work specialisation departmentalisation 6 key elements of organi- chain of command sational structures span of control centralisation formalisation diagnosis - planning - inter- change cylce vention - evaluation something has to change before that you need to know what's currently hap- pening misdiagnosis can lead to 3 / 14  3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 mistakes treat cause not just symp- diagnosis steps: need toms use tools to perform diag- nosis what needs to change determine what behaviour work driving behaviour is occurring change what is desired behaviour undesired behavior? how can change occur establish a compelling vi- sion planning move change to group, then individual level how can it be sustained and institutionalised accepted change vision - employees buy in leaders change related ac- tions support commitment change related communi- cations understanding the need for change 4 / 14  3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 change related training HR practices for adoption and momentum employee participation drivers of change aligned HR management practice aligned structure and con- trol processes the way work is undertak- en performance bullying teamwork what behaviors to focus leadership on? communication resistance stress management extra roles safety incentivise employees to do/not do a behaviour change organisational cul- potential strategies tural norms for change create new policies or adopt practices to encour- 5 / 14  3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 age behaviour change punish employees for en- gaging it or non engaging in behaviour 1. Establish a sense of ur- gency 2. Create the guiding coali- tion 3. Develop a vision and strategy 4. Communicate the change vision Kotter's 8 steps 5. Empower the broad-based action 6. Generate short-term wins 7. Consolidate gains and produce more change 8. Anchor new approaches in the culture resistance openness potential reactions to support change readiness commitment 6 / 14  3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 individual or group aims to resistance to change block/distrupt change cognitive: belief emo dimension: emotional response 3 dimensions of resistance intentionality: support for change or opposed to change change content and antecedents to resistance process as well as individ- ual differences ensuring justice: is it fair? interactive justice: told organisations can be what was going on proactive by treated with respect distributive justice: fair out- come put policies, practices and procedures to support change group level climate moder- ates individual relationship b/w leadership and follow- er outcomes 7 / 14  3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 cynicism: extreme pes- simism and scepticism about org's ability to change cultivate a climate of consultation: consult w change not cynicism employees to encourage them to be involved in parts of decision making and change process driver/passenger vehicle education context of work driving, dri- road environment ving is influenced by organisational focus enforcement legislation skills time pressure frustration/aggression influences on driver behav- deterrent/threat ior risk acceptance informal social norms stimulus/need knowledge 8 / 14  3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 past negative experiences past positive experiences belief change them against us mentality autocratic decision making short term employment contract employee perception deci- barriers to change sion makers don't under- stand needs change fatigue high work loads geographic diversity risk tolerance cost issue not treated as seri- ous staff and management co- operative road safety discussed at facilitators of change (dri- meetings ving example) history of road safety awareness of risks management support culture of accountability 9 / 14  3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 good existing communica- tion process how to measure it? evalu- ate it? what are we mea- evaluation process suring? how do you know what change is from? electric vehicles four major challenges in autonomous vehicles orgs and transport poten- mobile phones and driving tially in future mobility may resist change due to: belief of losing something of value not/misunderstanding the change implications individual resistance to perception of more costs change than benefits from change lack of trust in org/change agents low tolerance for change, not being able to meet re- quirements underestimating the vari- ety of ways to positively 10 / 14  3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 influence pp's reactions to org change common mistakes orgs responding in a disjoint- make when responding to ed/unplanned way change using only 1 response re- gardless of situation amount./type of resistance (more may require slow re- sponse) position of change instiga- tors relative to those resist- situational factors to con- ing change sider who has relative data to design change and the energy for implementing change stake involved provide info before/dur- ing/after when there is inadequate education and communi- info cation response if persuaded, ppl may change may be time consum- 11 / 14  3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 ing/hard requires good relationship Involvement in a change programme can be an ef- fective way of bringing on board people who would otherwise resist Participation often leads to participation and involve- commitment, not just com- ment pliance A common issue in any change programme is just how much involvement should be permitted, de- lays and obstacles need to be avoided Method for managing re- sistance to change where the workers are provid- ed with support in or- facilitation and support der to reduce fear and smooth the transition. may be time consuming/expen- sive/unsuccessful 12 / 14  3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 offer incentives to those who are actively resisting or ready to resist, trying negotiation and agree- to make trade-offs in ex- ment change for cooperation can trigger negotiation for gains selective use of info, re- sources, structuring of events works when other factors too expensive manipulation and coordi- relatively quick and inex- nation pensive may resolve issue when other options ineffective can be problematic if ppl feel manipulated can undermine trust forcing acceptance via threat explicit/impicit coercion when speed is essential change is unpopular, initia- tors have power 13 / 14  3018PSY WEEK 8 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d7ict9 quick to overcome re- sistence can be risky if it engenders anger to initiators 1. Parochial self-interest 2. Misunderstanding 4 reasons people resist 3. Low tolerance to change change 4. Different assessments of the situation some people are more concerned w/ the impact of parochial self-interest the change on themselves than w/ how it might im- prove the organization 14 / 14