3005PSY Week 4 PDF

3005PSY WEEK 4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d1gmmp responding to affective content can in- verbals and nonverbals that communi- clude cate feelings voc...

3005PSY WEEK 4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d1gmmp responding to affective content can in- verbals and nonverbals that communi- clude cate feelings vocal pitch speed nonverbal ways to communicating emo- rapidity tion can include body position gestures may be verbal or nonverbal and consists affective content of feelings, attitudes, and behaviors why do people sometimes struggle with repressed feelings, may be unaware of affective content them or don't want to feel them depression, loneliness, anxiety risks of disconnecting from your feelings when you release them energy and well- being increase healthy assertiveness to avoid resent- feeling your emotions can allow for ment can depend on approach and issue eg a depressed person focusing on affect can should you acknowledge feeling or cog- just make them feel worse, it might be nition more helpful to focus on cognition then and respond to how client feels in the moment you can't feel a client's feelings but you inference can infer with non-verbals (always check for understanding) no single nonverbal clue but a combo as a larger pattern gestalt convey intensity of emotions may display/not-display emotions ac- cording to what is appropriate in their differences in culture and affect culture, don't always assume what some- thing means 1/5  3005PSY WEEK 4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d1gmmp be aware of stereotypes and values that bias clues - Positive Affect - Joy (good feelings about self and others) types of affective messages -Anger - Fear - Sadness able to feel personal feelings and deal w client feelings while providing safety in affective competence the relationship not immobilised/shut down holding environment provide safe/supportive atmosphere helper's reaction to client feelings in ways that reduce helpfulness blocking client feelings towards topics like sex, self-worth, achievement are also poten- tial blocks being anxious, changing subject, falling silent and withdrawing, being overdirec- things to avoid tive, moving into own feelings, trying to rescue, managing feelings reflect feelings and summary of feelings do so in spirit of empathy/compassion verbal responses reflect feeling summarisation of feeling reduce anxiety reduce intensity of feeling effects of responding to affect assist w incorporating personal feelings builds trust 2/5  3005PSY WEEK 4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d1gmmp 1. unrealistic and reduces ability to gen- eralise aspect of helping relationship to others limitations of ONLY responding to feeling 2. fosters internal focus and exclusion of world 3. induces catharsis, sometimes good but can reinforce victim mentality a theoretical orientation based on the behaviourism premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behaviour in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditioned stimulus unconditionally—naturally and automati- cally—triggers a response. in classical conditioning, an originally ir- relevant stimulus that, after association conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response the diminishing of a conditioned re- sponse; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) extinction does not follow a conditioned stimu- lus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced. a type of learning in which behavior is Operant Conditioning (Skinner) strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher a stimulus added to the environment that positive reinforcer brings about an increase in a preceding response an unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability negative reinforcer that a preceding response will be repeat- ed in the future responses from the environment that nei- neutral operants ther increase nor decrease the probabil- ity of a behavior being repeated 3/5  3005PSY WEEK 4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d1gmmp reinforcers increase you behaviour in future punishers decrease likelihood of behavior positive punishment addition of something unpleasant the removal of a stimulus to decrease the negative punishment probability of a behavior's recurring children b/c of their limited cognitive abil- behaviour therapy often used with ity use reinforcers w clients punishers are less effective used alone in therapy simple reinforcers work best to shape behaviour behaviour change better w reinforcers Predisposing Precipitating 4 p's Perpetuating Protective Stimulus -> Organism -> Response -> SORCK analysis Consequence -> Contingency predisposing factors what makes it likely precipitating factors what triggers it perpetuating factors what sustains it protective factors what protects from it area of interest/what you're trying to change response/target behaviour eg anxiety: avoidance/freezing historical: historically relevant as op- posed to current factor (predisposing) eg unsupportive home stimuli contextual: increase the behaviour (pre- cipitating) eg social situations immediate: occur immediately prior to 4/5 3005PSY WEEK 4 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d1gmmp avoidance (precipitating) eg feelings of fear/anxiety Organism variables that moderate the organismic variables stimuli and behaviour (Predisposing) response/target behaviour of interest (perpetuating) consequences immediate: occurs right after behaviour long-term: maintain behaviour over time (perpetuating) classify the conditioning mechanisms at work contingencies mainly focused on behaviours that main- tain/perpetuate the problem change exposure to anxiety provoking CS-CR pathway situations extinction of CR through exposure to CS exposure therapy without presence of US treatment that uses punishment to de- aversion therapy crease the frequency of undesirable be- haviors A type of exposure therapy that associ- ates a pleasant relaxed state with gradu- systematic desensitization ally increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias. A tool used in systematic desensitiza- anxiety hierarchies tion, anxiety hierarchies are representa- tions of situations that create anxiety. exposed to fear inducing thing and expe- Imaginal Flooding Therapies riencing it til anxiety subsides procedures that occur in the actual envi- in vivo therapies ronment 5/5