3 Lec - Literature review.pdf

By Dr. Yousef Zahrani Assistant Professor Public Health Department 017 - 241 - 7670 [email protected] Unit III Objectives - Understand the meaning of literature review - Understand the functions of the literature review - Enumerate the types of literature review - Able to perform a literature r...

By Dr. Yousef Zahrani Assistant Professor Public Health Department 017 - 241 - 7670 [email protected] Unit III Objectives - Understand the meaning of literature review - Understand the functions of the literature review - Enumerate the types of literature review - Able to perform a literature review search - Write literature summary - Review the selected research - Differentiate between theoretical and conceptual framework - Able to write a literature review Literature Review Review? Literature refers to a collection of published information or materials on a particular area of research or topic, such as books and journal articles of academic value. A literature review is a critical analysis of published sources, or literature, on a particular topic. It is an assessment of the literature and provides a summary, classification, comparison and evaluation Functions (purpose/importance) of literature reviews 1. 2. 3. It provides a theoretical background to the study It enables to show how findings have contributed to the existing body of knowledge in profession It helps to establish the links between what is proposed to examine and what has already been studied 4. Evaluate the previous research and identify gaps (unexplored areas) 5. Improve your research methodology 6. Broaden knowledge about research topic 7. Identify major relationships or patterns 8. Identify strengths and weaknesses Video https://www.lib.uwo.ca/tutorials/literaturereview/index.html https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=hVRKsSOl_D8&list=PLBC826C3769B18E1F Literature Review Process Literature search ●Building library (e.g. EndNote) PubMed and others Reading the literature Developing literature matrix for critical evaluation Critically appraise literature In-text citation and referencing Types of Literature Reviews 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Traditional (Narrative) Literature Review Integrative Literature Review Systematic Literature Review Meta-analysis Scoping Literature Review 1. Traditional (Narrative) Literature Review A traditional (narrative) literature review provides a quick overview of current studies. It helps explain why your study is important in the context of the literature, and can also help you identify areas that need further research. A narrative or traditional literature review is a comprehensive, critical and objective analysis of the current knowledge on a topic of narrative literature review: Review 1.Types Traditional (Narrative) Literature 1. General literature review: provides a review of the most important and critical aspects of the current knowledge of the topic. It also forms the introduction to your research and must be defined by the research objective, underlying hypothesis or problem. 2. Theoretical literature review: examines how theory shapes or frames research. strengths and weaknesses of the methods used 1. and Traditional (Narrative) Literature Review provide future direction 4. Historical literature review: focus on examining research throughout a period of time, often starting with the first time an issue, concept, theory, phenomena emerged in the literature, then tracing its evolution within the scholarship of a discipline. The purpose is to place research in a historical context to show familiarity with stateofthe-art developments and to identify the likely directions for future research 1. Traditional (Narrative) Literature Review 2. Integrative Literature Review Integrative literature review is a form of research that reviews, critiques, and synthesizes representative literature on a topic in an integrated way such that new frameworks and perspectives on the topic are generated” (Torraco, 2005) It allows for the integration of qualitative studies with quantitative studies. Integrative literature reviews may or may not be systematic reviews. 2. Integrative Literature Review 3. Systematic Literature Review Systematic reviews synthesize high quality empirical information to answer a given research question. Conducting a systematic review involves following rigorous, predefined protocols that "minimise bias and ensure transparency“. 3. Systematic Literature Review The review identifies the type of information searched, critiqued and reported within known timeframes. The search terms, search strategies (including database names, platforms, dates of search) and limits all need to be included in the review. 3. Systematic Literature Review 3. Systematic Literature Review 4. Meta-analysis Meta-analyses are "the statistical integration of separate studies". Meta-analysis is a quantitative, formal, epidemiological study design used to systematically assess the results of previous research to derive conclusions about that body of research. Usually meta-analysis is based on randomized, controlled clinical trials. 4. Meta-analysis 5. Scoping Literature Review A scoping review involves a broad research question that explores the current evidence base. It can help inform areas that are appropriate for a systematic review. Unlike systematic reviews, scoping reviews do not aim to produce a critically appraised and synthesised result/answer to a particular question. 5. Scoping Literature Review Literature Review Process → Finding the literature → Understanding and evaluating the literature → Writing the literature review Anatomy of Article ● Title / authorship IMRAD Format ● Abstract ● Introduction (why was the study done?) ● Materials & methods (how was it done?) Recommended by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Literature Review Process → Finding the literature - - Researcher (student) need to find sources to conduct a literature review. e.g. books or journals Rather than reading all the sources in depth, survey them first to check if they are relevant to your literature review topic Evaluate all the sources you find to make sure they are scholarly and appropriate for your task Literature Review Process - → Understanding and evaluating the literature Develop your understanding about your topic Evaluate retrieved literature Organise your search findings Literature Review Process → Writing the literature review - - Format for a literature review: should have an introduction, body and conclusion. Select related literature. Write short summaries. Write each section (Each section of your literature review should deal with a specific aspect of the literature). Proofread and edit carefully. Literature Review Process Developing a theoretical framework The information obtained from different books and journals now needs to be sorted under the main themes and theories. Unless you review the literature in relation to this framework, you will not be able to develop a focus in your literature search. The theoretical framework consists of the theories or issues in which your study is embedded. Developing a theoretical framework.. cont Literature related to your study may deal with two types of information: 1. 2. Universal 2. more specific (i.e. local trends or a specific program). In writing about such information you should start with the general information, gradually narrowing it down to the specific. Developing a conceptual framework - - - - - The conceptual framework is the base of your research problem. It stems from the theoretical framework. The conceptual framework describes the aspects you selected from the theoretical framework to become the base of your study. relationship between fertility and mortality you may be planning to test only one, say the fear of non-survival. (theoretical frame work) the conceptual framework is focused on indicators to measure the success or failure of the strategies to enhance community responsiveness. the conceptual framework grows out of the theoretical framework and relates to the specific research problem. Conceptual vs Theoretical frameworks From Research Area to Research Topic Literature Review Research Area Text Research Problem Research Question Research always based on previous work Thorough search is essential Start with known Identify unknown Literature Review