2nd-Qt-Lesson-1.pptx PDF

Qtr. 2 Lesson 1- Freedom and Responsibility  Learning Task No 2. EVALUATING SCENARIOS. In your way of understanding, evaluate the following circumstances whether they are right or wrong. Write the word “Tama” if you think the action is right and write “may kakaiba” if the situation is w...

Qtr. 2 Lesson 1- Freedom and Responsibility  Learning Task No 2. EVALUATING SCENARIOS. In your way of understanding, evaluate the following circumstances whether they are right or wrong. Write the word “Tama” if you think the action is right and write “may kakaiba” if the situation is wrong for you. Provide your reasoning for your classification. Write your answers in your notebook. 1. Selma continuously supports her friend Georgia in flirting someone else’s husband. Reason:__________________________________ _____________ 2. President Duterte orders several government agencies to continue placing dolomite sands in a small portion of Manila Bay during pandemic. Reason:__________________________________ _____________ 3. MaeMae is in the verge of failing her exam in General Mathematics. While she is taking the exams, she received a small piece of paper from his classmate Ben. The piece of paper contains all the answers for the last portion of the exam. Reason:__________________________________ _____________ 4. Molina is in-charge of the distribution of medicines in her barangay. The local government of Imus usually provides for extra packages of medicines as a buffer stock or reserve in case of uncounted members of barangay. One day, Josielyn, a citizen from Calamba City, offers to buy the extra packages of medicine from Molina, because there is a shortage of medicines in Calamba. Molina, in turn, sold the extra medicines to Josielyn. Reason:__________________________________ _____________ 5. Gladys is the gate custodian of Bilibid prison. One day, the former Mayor of Calauan Laguna and convicted of complex crime of Rape with homicide Antonio Sanchez who has kidney illness asks Gladys to allow him to buy some medicine to alleviate the pain caused by his kidney disease. However, Gladys did not allow the request and instead reported the former Mayor’s attempt to go outside the penal colony. Reason:__________________________________ _____________  6. Samson oversees the installation of an internet satellite in Camp Caringal. While the construction is ongoing, his wife Lizjoy called him because their son Erwin is sick. Lizjoy asked Samson to return to their house because Erwin misses him so much. Samson said he cannot return immediately because the Chinese contractors are spoof. Reason:__________________________________ _____________ 7. Ruby is the best online seller in her town. She can earn as much as 10,000 php per day. On the other hand, Celeste is a newbie in online selling. She barely earned a thousand peso for a day. Knowing Ruby’s ability to sell online, Celeste approached Ruby and asked the latter to teach her how to be a successful online entrepreneur. Ruby asked for a tutorial fee, because she said that it entails a lot of work just to make a online strategy work. Reason:__________________________________ _____________ 8. Ylah is a dean’s lister in her department – School of Business Management and Accountancy of De La Salle University. At the same time, she is the captain of the table tennis team in the said school. Her boyfriend, Armando usually complains because Ylah has minimal time for him. Because Armando thinks Ylah is too busy with her own life, he broke his 6 years relationship with the young lady. Reason:__________________________________ _____________ 9. Jovi and Rency are good friends. They are schoolmates since their. However, there is no venue to hold the meeting. Jovi requested Rency to allow them first year in college. Because of great academic performance, Jovi has been elected as the vice-president of the college department. On the other hand, Rency has been chosen as the in-charge of the college’s laboratories since she is trustworthy and keen in details. One day, the college’s student council needs to meet for a quarterly review of their activities to use the department’s physics laboratory, but Rency denied such a request. Reason:__________________________________ _____________ 10. Ariel is an LTO officer who has a lot of connections is the said office. He usually accepts under the table transactions from people who want to expedite their application for a driver’s license. His sister Amor once asked him why he’s doing those kinds of transactions. Ariel answered that he simply wants to help people by avoiding the grueling application process in the LTO. Reason:__________________________________  Recall three decisions you have made recently. Then, analyze them. What are the good things they produced for you and your community and what are the negative effects do they caused to yourself and others? PROCESSING. Answer the following questions based on how you answered the activity above. 1. What are your prior considerations for making those decisions? 2. What are your considerations for classifying the effect of your action as a positive one? 3. What are your considerations for classifying the effect of your action as a negative one? 4. In making those decisions, are you free in doing them? If yes, how? If no, what binds you? 5. What are your considerations in saying that you made a “best decision?” HUMAN ACTIONS VS ACTS OF MAN An act that is performed only by a human being and thus is proper to man. Not every act that a human being does is a distinctively human act. Some acts that human beings do are performed also by animals, e.g., vegetative acts and acts of perception and emotion. When a human being does such acts, they are called acts of man but not human acts. Acts of man are actions shared by humans and other animals while human acts refer to the appropriate actions of human beings. What makes an act performed by a human being distinctively a human act is that it is voluntary, that is, an act in some way under the control or direction of the will, which is proper to man. One can therefore identify the human activity with the voluntary act. A voluntary act continues either by the will - like an act of love or choice - or from another human power that may be motivated by the will, either by an act of intellect or by the sense of reasoning or emotion; even a gesture commanded by the will can be a voluntary act. Aristotle’s Distinction of Voluntary and Involuntary Actions Voluntary Actions - these are acts originating from the individual performing the act using knowledge about the situations of the act. 1. Classifications of Voluntary Actions A. Voluntary – actions are performed from will and reason. B. Related to Compulsion - it is considered as mixed of voluntary and involuntary. It is more voluntary if the desire and choice has been performed and involuntary if it has considered preferences or alternatives. Example: You are asked to perform a crime and your options are; either you do it and your family survives or you don’t do it but they will be murdered.  2. Involuntary Actions – are acts done under a) force or coercion and b). ignorance where the doer failed to understand the effect and feels sorry on the result. Classifications of Involuntary Actions A. Under Compulsion – circumstances which are beyond the control of the agent and contributes none to the action. Example: A person was kidnapped, hence impossible to resist. B. Through Ignorance of Particular Circumstances. Example: a man steals and ignorant of the law, arrow or gun shot by mistake. HUMAN FREEDOM AND OBLIGATION According to John Mothershead, freedom and obligation are two indispensable conditions for morality to occur. Freedom is understood to be present when one is choosing a course of action, and he or she is taking full responsibility for consequence of his actions. Importantly, this is anchored to the individual’s moral and rational capacity to discern what is right and wrong. In several meta-ethical traditions obligation usually follows or arrives from freedom. Freedom can be said to be present if the human person is free in making choices in the realm of morality – that is, in making choices with regards to determining what is the right thing to do in situations and circumstances in his own life. This can be summarized in our Filipino saying, “Buntot mo, hila mo!” It is taking full responsibility for your actions and being obliged to do so. Hence, an action is not in the full extent of morality if a person does something while his or her freedom and rationality is altered or modified. This event can happen if the person’s environment highly affects his judgement.  When was the last time you see yourself escaping from the consequences of your actions? When was the last time you hide from the problems brought about by your irresponsible actions? We have the tendency to blame others for their choice of a course of action. At present times, several marriages – most especially in the Philippines – are being brought to different courts of law to be annulled. What is the main reason for this? Atty. Jim Lopez in one of his books says that most of the marriages which are tried in civil courts are sagas of unending throwing of blame and accusations between two lovers. Which can be simply be solved had one of the parties make himself accountable for a problem which sit between them. INTELLECTUAL CHOICE VS PRACTICAL CHOICE A. Intellectual Choice – This is a choice which is deliberately selected based on a moral standpoint. Basically, they are normative answers about what we ought to do from a moral system that we uphold and its moral principles. These normative answers would take into consideration the behavior which the society will accept. For example, when you are to decide in a moral issue, you can try to give intellectual choice as a normative answer. Here you are simply assuming because you are not, as it were, facing that actual moral situation described in the dilemma. In this case, the answers that you are inclined to give are prescriptive in this imaginary and hypothetical situation.  B. Practical Choice – a choice which is borne out of psychological and emotional considerations. Unlike the previously discussed type of choice, practical choices are made when confronted with the actual situation, and usually affected by psychological aspect of the person embroiled in the moral situation or dilemma. For instance, psychological and emotional stress and lack of time to deliberate during an actual moral situation may affect a person’s moral decision in that situation. A person may be so engulfed by emotions that he may sometimes fail to make the right choice. Likewise, stress could make a person’s practical choice inconsistent with his intellectual choice.  CASE ANALYSIS: The case below is a real case decided by the Supreme Court. Read it and try to determine the morality of the action below. In a moral standpoint, do you think Ah Chong’s action is morally upright or not? Defend your answer based on philosophical concepts discussed. Note: You are not required to answer the case based on legal principles, because it is a different thing. Some actions may be morally upright but illegal and sometimes actions are considered legal but immoral. US vs. Ah Chong (15 Phil 488) Ah Chong was a cook in Ft. Mckinley. He was so afraid of bad elements. One evening, before taking his night rest, he locked himself in his room by placing a chair against the door. Then, he was awakened by someone who was trying to open the door of his room. He called out twice, “Who is there?” but received no answer. Fearing that the intruder is a robber, he leaped from his bed and called out again, “If you enter the room, I will kill you.” But at that precise moment, the chair which he placed against his door has strucked him. Believing that he was going to be attacked, he seized a knife and stabbed and fatally wounded his roommate. In a moral standpoint, do you think Ah Chong’s action is morally upright or not? Should he be held liable for stabbing his roommate?