21 Fuels & Other Compounds - Summary.pdf

Fuels & Other Compounds HYDROCARDBONS 2,2,4 trimethylpentane are compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon only, bonded together covalently. 1. Aliphatic hydrocarbons: These consist of either a) Chains of carbon - eg. Alkanes, H H CH₃ H CH₃ H C C C C C H CH₃ H H H H alkenes, alkynes b) Certain rin...

Fuels & Other Compounds HYDROCARDBONS 2,2,4 trimethylpentane are compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon only, bonded together covalently. 1. Aliphatic hydrocarbons: These consist of either a) Chains of carbon - eg. Alkanes, H H CH₃ H CH₃ H C C C C C H CH₃ H H H H alkenes, alkynes b) Certain rings of carbon - eg. Cyclohexane 2. Aromatic hydrocarbons: These include a benzene in their structure homologous series is a family of organic compounds with the same general formula, similar chemical properties, & successive members differing saturated HYDROCARDBONS These compounds have only single carbon to carbon covalent bonds. by CH₂. Tetrahedral COMPOUNDS These usually involve saturated (C-C) UNsaturated HYDROCARDBONS carbon bonds, as well as single bonds in any functional group (eg O-H) Example : Methane These compounds contain at least one carbon to carbon double or triple bond. PLANAR COMPOUNDS Test for unsaturation: 1. Turn acidified MnO₄- from pink to colourless 2. Decolourise red/brown bromine water These have atoms on the same plane (ie. all atoms are “flat”), & involve double or triple Cyclohexane (C6₆H₁₂) bonds. Example : Ethene