2024 KEY Unit 2 Study Guide- Honors.pdf

Unit 2 Study Guide-Chemistry of Life Name___________________ Period____ Due date Part 1: Fill in the blank: pH (acid and bases) and characteristics of water. 1. 1a. Provide the letter of the definition that matches the types of bonds below. ____B___1. Ionic bond a) Elem...

Unit 2 Study Guide-Chemistry of Life Name___________________ Period____ Due date Part 1: Fill in the blank: pH (acid and bases) and characteristics of water. 1. 1a. Provide the letter of the definition that matches the types of bonds below. ____B___1. Ionic bond a) Elements share valence electrons to form a strong bondC ____ D____2. Hydrogen b) Elements give/take electrons to form a strong bond ____A ____3. Covalent c) Monomers in a protein share electrons to make a polymer ____C____4. Peptide bond d) A very weak bond that allows molecules to open/close 1. 1b.Identify each as “strong acid”, “weak acid”, “strong base”, “weak base”, or “neutral.” Strong Acid Stomach digestion “juices”: pH = 2 Strong Base Bleach: pH = 13 Weak Acid Milk: pH = 6 Weak Base Hand Soap: pH = 10 Neutral Water: pH = 7 2. Which of the substances in #1 would release the most H+ ions? Stomach digestive “juices” 3. Acids have a pH from 0 to 6.9. 4. Bases have a pH from 7.1 to 14. 5. In a Polar molecule, the atoms do not equally share electrons causing one side to have a positive charge and the other side to have a negative charge. One example of this is Water. 6. Water will mix with which of the following? a. Oil (nonpolar) c. Benzene b. Alcohol (polar) (nonpolar)  Unit 2 Study Guide-Chemistry of Life 7. Draw a water molecule…identify the type of bond inside the water molecule, label the +(positive) end and the -(negative) end and identify the elements that make up the water molecule. Hydrogen bonding with oxygen, and 2 hydrogen atoms. Complete this table: 8. Property of Water Description of the Example property Adhesion An attraction between molecules of different substances Cohesion Attraction between molecules of the same substance High Surface Tension the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid  Unit 2 Study Guide-Chemistry of Life Capillary Action the combined force of attraction among water molecules and with the molecules of surrounding materials High Specific Heat The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celcius Part 2: Answer the following questions on the Macromolecules 9. Organic compounds are compounds that contain Carbon. 10. Why are there so many carbon compounds? Each Carbon atom can form four chemical bonds to other atoms. Carbon is the building block of life. 11. Inorganic compounds do not contain Carbon. 12. Match the polymers to their building blocks (monomers). Lipid-Fatty Acid Protein- Amino Acids Carbohydrate (Polysaccharide)- Simple Sugar Nucleic Acids-Nucleotide 13. Match the polymers to their functions. Lipid-Long term energy storage, insulation, water proofing Protein-Enzymes and Cell metabolism Carbohydrate-Short term energy storage  Unit 2 Study Guide-Chemistry of Life Nucleic Acid-Hereditary information & coding for proteins 14. Identify as a monomer or a polymer. Fatty acid-Monomer Lipid-Monomer Amino Acid-Monomer Glycogen-Polymer Protein-Polymer Cellulose-Polymer Starch-Polymer Nucleotide- Monomer Glucose-Monomer Nucleic Acid-Polymer DNA -Polymer 15. A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called an Enzyme. 16. An enzyme is a protein catalyst that only works with a specific Substrate , or chemical compound, because its Active Site is shaped perfectly for that compound. 17. Activation Energy is the amount of energy needed to get a chemical reaction started. 18. An enzyme works by [raising or lowering?] the activation energy. 19. A polypeptide is another name for a protein. 20. A polysaccharide is another name for carbohydrates. 21. The three parts of a nucleotide are Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. 22. A fatty acid that is Saturated contains only single bonds. This type of fatty acid is bad for you because it is likely to clog your arteries. 23. A/An Unsaturated fatty acid contains double bonds which gives it a bent shape and make it less likely to build up in your arteries. 24. Identify the compound that each indicator tests for: Iodine-Starch Brown paper- Lipids 25. What will be observed if the test is positive?  Unit 2 Study Guide-Chemistry of Life Iodine-Black/Dark Blue Brown paper-Greasy, translucent spot 26. Identify as a “carbohydrate”, “lipid”, “protein”, or “nucleic acid”. Hemoglobin-Protein Sucrose-Carbohydrate Oil-Lipid Cholesterol-Lipid Starch-Carbohydrate DNA-Nucleic Acids Wax-Lipid Cellulose-Carbohydrate Insulin-Protein Glycogen-Carbohydrate 27. A buffering agent keeps the pH constant in a cell. 28. In order to counteract acid reflux, you should take a medicine that is Basic. 29. Summary of Biomolecules: Macromolecule Monomer Polymers Function (identify and picture) (identify and picture) Nucleic Acid Nucleotide DNA, RNA Carries the instructions for making proteins, Hereditary Information Lipid Fatty Acids Triglycerides, Long-term Waxes, Steroids, energy storage, Fats, Oils, Cell-membranes, Phospholipids insulation, protects organs  Unit 2 Study Guide-Chemistry of Life Protein Amino Acids Polypeptides, Regulating Enzymes, Insulin, chemical Hemoglobin, reactions, Builds Hormones body tissue Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Polysaccharides, Short-term Cellulose, energy, Structural Glycogen, Starch, support (Plants) Chitin Part 3 : Complete the questions on Scientific method. 30. A student designed an investigation to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of seed germination. The student placed moist filter paper in each of the four culture dishes. Then bean seeds were placed on the filter paper in each dish. The four dishes were numbered and placed n the dark different temperature as follows The total number of germinated seeds in each culture were counted each day for two weeks. Which data table is best for recording the results of the investigation  Unit 2 Study Guide-Chemistry of Life 31. Use the diagram below to answer the question An investigation was carried out using the 2 setups below. Other than the difference shown in the diagram, all other conditions were identical. State one possible hypothesis that could be tested using these setups. Answers will vary: The higher the temperature of a lily experiences may/or may note change the growth of the lily.  Unit 2 Study Guide-Chemistry of Life What statement about the use of independent variables in the controlled experiments can be made? 32. Using the numbers 1-6, indicate the order of events in using the scientific method. ____5___Test the hypothesis by performing an experiment. ____4____Make observations and record data. ____3____Identify the problem to be studied. ______6__Use data and results to support a conclusion. _____2___Prform background research on the problem. e31. Provide the letter of the definition that matches the scientific terms below. __F_____1. controls a) Using a set of observations to test a. hypothesis ___D___2. conclusion b) an idea about the system being examined. ____B__3. hypothesis c) The numerical values recorded during an experiment or observation ___A____4. experiment d) A decision based on the data from an experiment ___G_____5. variable e) A well-supported set of observations and explanations for natural events ____C____6. data f) Set of observations used as a reference & compared to experimental observations in order to show that the result is due to the experimental treatment. ___E_____7. theory g) anything in a experiment that can change be changed.