Chemistry Bonds and Properties of Water

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Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately describes a covalent bond?

Elements give/take electrons to form a strong bond.

A very weak bond that allows molecules to open/close.

Monomers in a protein share electrons to make a polymer.

Elements share valence electrons to form a strong bond. (correct)

What is the pH range for weak acids?

7 to 14

0 to 6.9

6 to 6.9 (correct)

7 to 10

Which of these substances would release the most H+ ions?

Milk with pH = 6

Hand soap with pH = 10

Stomach digestive juices with pH = 2 (correct)

Water with pH = 7

According to the pH scale, which of the following is classified as a strong base?

Bleach Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is primarily responsible for the properties of water?

Hydrogen bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the attraction between molecules of the same substance?

Cohesion Signup and view all the answers

Which property of water allows it to rise against gravity in narrow spaces?

Capillary Action Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds does not contain carbon?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What is the building block (monomer) of proteins?

Amino Acid Signup and view all the answers

Which polymer is associated with long-term energy storage and insulation?

Lipid Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is considered a polymer made up of many glucose units?

Starch Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of carbon allows it to form so many different compounds?

It can form four chemical bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

They are proteins that speed up chemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What hypothesis can be formed regarding the temperature and growth of a lily?

Higher temperatures may enhance the growth of the lily. Signup and view all the answers

In a controlled experiment, which statement correctly describes an independent variable?

It is the factor that is manipulated by the researcher. Signup and view all the answers

Which step comes first in the scientific method?

Identify the problem to be studied. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of controls in a scientific experiment?

To serve as a reference for comparison against experimental results. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best defines a hypothesis?

A predictive statement that can be tested through observation and experimentation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

Carries instructions for making proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for long-term energy storage?

Lipids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a monomer of proteins?

Amino acid Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrate provides structural support in plants?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes triglycerides?

Formed from three fatty acids and glycerol Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is NOT categorized under the category of lipids?

Starch Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proteins in the body?

Regulating chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

What class of biomolecules do glycogen and starch belong to?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an enzyme in a chemical reaction?

To lower the activation energy required Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about fatty acids is true?

Unsaturated fatty acids are less likely to clog arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What do iodine and brown paper test for respectively?

Starch and Lipid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies the components of a nucleotide?

Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a buffering agent in a cell?

To keep the pH constant within the cell Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bonds and Compounds:

Ionic Bonds: Elements give or take electrons to form a strong bond.
Hydrogen Bonds: A very weak bond that allows molecules to open/close.
Covalent Bonds: Elements share valence electrons to form a strong bond.
Peptide Bonds: Monomers in a protein share electrons to make a polymer.

pH

Acids: pH 0 to 6.9.
Bases: pH 7.1 to 14.
Neutral: pH 7.

Water:

Polar molecule: Atoms do not equally share electrons causing one side to have a positive charge and the other side to have a negative charge.
Water mixes with: Polar substances, such as alcohol.
Water will not mix with: Nonpolar substances, such as oil or benzene.
Hydrogen bonding: Weak bonds formed between different water molecules.

Properties of Water

Adhesion: An attraction between molecules of different substances.
Cohesion: Attraction between molecules of the same substance.
High Surface Tension: Uneven forces acting on particles on the surface of a liquid.
Capillary Action: The combined force of attraction among water molecules and with the molecules of surrounding materials.
High Specific Heat: The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

Organic Compounds

Contain Carbon
Carbon forms four chemical bonds with different atoms
Carbon is the basic building block of life.

Inorganic Compounds

Do not contain Carbon.

Macromolecules

Polymers: Long chains of repeating monomers.
Monomers: Smaller units that can bind together to form polymers.

Carbohydrates

Monomers: Simple sugars (monosaccharides) like glucose.
Polymers: Polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
Functions: Short-term energy storage, structural support in plants.

Lipids

Monomers: Fatty acids.
Polymers: Triglycerides, waxes, steroids, fats, oils, phospholipids.
**Functions: ** Long-term energy storage, cell membranes, insulation, protection of organs.

Proteins

Monomers: Amino acids.
Polymers: Polypeptides, enzymes, insulin, hemoglobin, hormones.
Functions: Regulating chemical reactions, building body tissue.

Nucleic Acids

Monomers: Nucleotides.
Polymers: DNA, RNA.
Functions: Carry the instructions for making proteins, hereditary information.

Enzymes

Protein catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.
Specific to a particular substrate due to the shape of their active site.
Reduce activation energy.

Scientific Method:

Identify the Problem
Background Research
Hypothesis
Observations
Experiment
Conclusion
Data: Data from an experiment, can be numerical values.
Controls: Used to compare results, show the effect of the experimental treatment.
Variables: Anything that can be changed in the experiment.
Theory: A well-supported set of observations and explanations for natural events.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of chemical bonds, including ionic, covalent, hydrogen, and peptide bonds. Additionally, understand the unique properties of water, its interactions with acids and bases, and the significance of pH levels. This quiz will test your knowledge on these essential chemistry concepts.