Lab Technician Grade-2 (LT) Coaching Center PDF

8341559143 NIDHYA MEDICAL ACADEMY Lab Technician Grade-2 (LT) Coaching Center Contact : 9666755531,9705193511....

8341559143 NIDHYA MEDICAL ACADEMY Lab Technician Grade-2 (LT) Coaching Center Contact : 9666755531,9705193511. YD Stain Use Target/Component Hematoxylin and Eosin H General tissue staining in histology Nuclei (hematoxylin) and cytoplasm (eosin) (H&E) y, Gram Stain Differentiates bacterial cell walls Gram-positive (purple) and Gram-negative (pink) bacteria m Detection of acid-fast bacteria de Ziehl-Neelsen Stain Acid-fast bacilli (stains red) (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis) ca Giemsa Stain Blood cell examination; detection of parasites Blood cells, parasites (e.g., Plasmodium in malaria) lA Periodic Acid-Schiff Detects glycogen and mucopolysaccharides Glycogen and other carbohydrates (magenta color) (PAS) Stain Wright's Stain Blood smear examination ica Differentiates blood cell types ed Silver Stain Visualization of reticular fibers and fungi Reticular fibers, certain bacteria, and fungi M Trichrome Stain Differentiates muscle, collagen, and cytoplasm Muscle fibers (red), collagen (blue/green), and cytoplasm (pink) ya Sudan Stain Stains lipids Lipids (stains orange or black depending on the type) dh Alcian Blue Stains acidic mucopolysaccharides Acidic mucopolysaccharides (blue) Ni India Ink Visualization of capsules in microorganisms Capsules, particularly in Cryptococcus neoformans Amyloid deposits (red under light microscopy; apple-green birefringence Congo Red Detection of amyloid in tissues under polarized light)  8341559143 NIDHYA MEDICAL ACADEMY Lab Technician Grade-2 (LT) Coaching Center Contact : 9666755531,9705193511 Reagent Use Description. YD Changes color from blue to orange/red in the presence of Benedict’s Reagent Detection of reducing sugars reducing sugars H y, Biuret Reagent Protein detection Turns violet in the presence of peptide bonds in proteins m Detects reducing sugars, especially in Changes from blue to brick-red precipitate if reducing sugars Fehling’s Solution de carbohydrates are present Used in Gram staining for bacteria Acts as a mordant to fix the crystal violet stain in Gram- Grams Iodine ca classification positive bacteria lA Sodium Hydroxide pH adjustment; neutralization reactions Strong base commonly used in titrations and to adjust pH (NaOH) ica pH adjustment; used in digestion of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Strong acid used in titrations and to break down samples biological samples ed Used in DNA/RNA purification and Gram Ethanol Precipitates DNA/RNA and decolorizes in Gram staining staining M Formalin Tissue fixation in histology Preserves tissue by cross-linking proteins ya Fixation in blood smears and DNA Methanol Fixes cells and precipitates nucleic acids dh precipitation Ni Phenolphthalein pH indicator in acid-base titrations Turns pink in basic solutions Acetone Used as a dehydrating agent and solvent Commonly used in histology for dehydration Stains bacteria and fungi; also used in wound care as an Silver Nitrate Staining in histology and microbiology antiseptic  8341559143 Maintains osmotic balance in cell and Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Commonly used in physiological buffers tissue samples Ammonium Sulfate Protein precipitation Precipitates proteins by “salting out” Tris Buffer Stabilizes pH in biological solutions Common buffering agent for maintaining pH. YD Giemsa Stain Stains blood cells and parasites Used in hematology to differentiate cell types H Used in DNA extraction and pH Acetic Acid Helps in precipitation of nucleic acids adjustment y, m de ca lA ica ed M ya dh Ni  8341559143 NIDHYA MEDICAL ACADEMY Lab Technician Grade-2 (LT) Coaching Center Contact : 9666755531,9705193511 Culture Type Use Description Nutrient Agar General-purpose medium for non-fastidious bacteria Supports a wide range of bacterial growth. YD Enriched with sheep or human blood; shows hemolysis patterns Blood Agar Detects hemolytic activity of bacteria (alpha, beta, gamma) H Grows fastidious organisms like Haemophilus and y, Chocolate Agar Heated blood agar; releases growth factors like NAD and hemin Neisseria m Selective for Gram-negative bacteria; differentiates MacConkey Agar Contains bile salts and crystal violet; lactose fermenters turn pink de lactose fermenters Selective for Staphylococcus species; differentiates ca Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) High salt concentration; mannitol fermenters turn yellow mannitol fermenters lA Isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria Thayer-Martin Agar Contains antibiotics to suppress normal flora meningitidis Sabouraud Dextrose Agar ica Culture of fungi, especially yeasts and molds Acidic pH and high sugar concentration inhibit bacterial growth ed Cetrimide Agar Selective for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Contains cetrimide, which inhibits other bacteria M Buffered Charcoal Yeast Cultures Legionella species Enriched with charcoal to detoxify byproducts that inhibit growth ya Extract (BCYE) Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Salmonella appears with black centers; Shigella colonies are dh Selective for Salmonella and Shigella (XLD) Agar transparent Ni Lowenstein-Jensen Medium Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Contains malachite green to suppress other bacteria Campy-BAP Isolation of Campylobacter species Enriched with antibiotics to inhibit normal gut flora (Campylobacter Blood Agar) Reducing agents create an oxygen gradient for anaerobes at the Thioglycolate Broth Cultivation of anaerobic bacteria bottom