Language Techniques PDF

LANGUAGE TECHNIQUES Hyperbole______________ An excessive overstatement or exaggeration Eg: I am dying of shame There were millions of people at the mall Emotive language________ Words that create or influe...

LANGUAGE TECHNIQUES Hyperbole______________ An excessive overstatement or exaggeration Eg: I am dying of shame There were millions of people at the mall Emotive language________ Words that create or influence the emotional response of the reader eg: An innocent bystander suffered facial injuries when the thug launched his glass across the bar. Or A woman reaches her hands to the screen crying in agony and disbelief Sibilance_________ A more specific type of alliteration that relies on the repetition of soft consonant sounds, such as the ‘s’ Sibilance creates the effect of serenity and peacefulness and can slow down the pace of the poem because of the hissing sound. But…sibilant sounds in 'softly, sweetly, sickly' creates a soft, gentle mood, which turns sinister on 'sickly' as the sounds flow across the line. The unusual shift in mood within the same, sibilant sound, creates a disturbing effect. Plosive /b/ /p/ /t/ /d/ sounds create an abrupt, sharp, sometimes shocking effect. Repetition_____________ When words are repeated, to emphasize action or meaning Eg: run… run as fast as you can! Metaphor______________ A comparison of two things in which one thing is said to be another thing Eg: The man is a powerful ox. Sensory Imagery_______________ A word or group of words that paints an image in your mind through the use of one or more of the senses:  sight, taste, touch, hearing and smell. When discussing imagery you much always refer to the senses as: Visual imagery (sight) Auditory imagery (hearing) Olfactory imagery (smell) Gustatory imagery (taste) Tactile imagery (touch) Assonance_____________ When two or more words in a sequence, repeat the same vowel sound. Long vowels slow down the text and sound more sombre Eg: Clean green days of summer. Simile________________ When two things are directly compared using ‘like’ or ‘as’ Eg: She was like an angel Symbolism______________ When an object, character, animal, place or colour stands for one or more abstract ideas. Eg a lion symbolises courage and bravery Onomatopoeia__________ A word that imitates the sound an object or action makes Eg; the buzz of a bee, the drip drip of a tap Alliteration_____________ When two or more words in a sequence begin with the same consonant. Such a repetition of a consonant sound is used to create an effect, usually related to mood and emotions, Eg: Wilfred Owen writes of the ‘Stuttering rifles rapid rattle to help us hear the noises of the battlefield. Personification_________ Describing non-human things – animals, objects or ideas as though they were human. Eg: The car groaned up the drive Eg: The wind danced in the trees Rhetorical Question ______ A question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer. Eg: Don’t you want trees to breathe? Accumulation __________ It’s the creation of a list that helps to emphasise the main point. It helps to gain momentum. Eg: It was a hot, sticky, uncomfortable day Allusion ________________ when another source is suggested in a text; biblical allusions are from the bible, classical allusions, fairy tales are from Ancient Greece or Latin texts, Historical allusions are references to historical periods and events Eg: Her two ugly sisters treated her so badly (alluding to Cinderella) Imperative ________________ An order for someone or people to do something Hurry up and start being sustainable High Modality ____________ Being absolutely certain We must clean up our oceans Pun _____________________ A joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word: Eg: Take the straw and suck it up! Or I’ve been to the dentist many times so I know the drill Or She had a photographic memory but never developed it Anecdote _____________ A story that illustrates a point. Euphemism ___________ an indirect way of referring to something sensitive Eg: someone passes away instead of dying OR The enemy of man instead of the devil Elipsis ______________ This is defined by three dots … It is when the writer wants the person to read between the lines. Using ellipses in a text is a way of saying what the writer can’t say either (because it'd fall under the "too soon" umbrella), or to convey even deeper emotions (that cannot be openly conveyed) felt by a character that the other character may or may not be aware of but the reader is. Eg: … sure Or I thought we were meeting on Tuesday …? Or Your father was … a wonderful man. Inclusive pronouns___________ Pronouns to make us feel part of something bigger. We our us Direct Speech ____________ quoting the exact words someone said, using quotation marks and other dialogue punctuation Eg: Jack swore “I will never get married”