التّميز في الفقه الشافعي PDF

‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ )‪ "(‬ﻣﻔ...

‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ )‪ "(‬ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﻮﺭ " ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺿﻌﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻀﻢ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﺘ‪‬ﺒﺖ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻓﻼﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ : ‬ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻮﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﺎﺱ ﺣﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺎﻷﳒﺎﺱ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻃﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻳﺘﻄﻬﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻳﺘﱰﻫﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﺲ‪ .‬‬ ‫‪  (٢‬ﻫﻲ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺒﺎﺡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  (١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﺃﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻭﻻ ﳒﺲ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻜﺮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﻟﻴﺤﻼ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺃﻡ ﻻ؟ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻫﻮ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ‪  ،‬ﺃﻥﹼ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ ﻗﺪ ﺯﺍﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬.‫ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺷﺮﻋﻴﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﺿﻌﻒ‬.‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺣﺪﺛﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﳒﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺝ‬  .‫ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ‬ (١ :‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ‬. ‫ ﻛﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﺴﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﻛﻐﺴﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬ (٢  .‫ﺏ( ﻗﻠﱯ‬ ‫ ﺃ( ﺑﺪﱐ‬. ‫ ﻛﺎﻷﺑﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻭﺍﺙ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻭﻟﻮﻍ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻐﲑﳘﺎ ﻛﺎﳊﺮﻳﻒ ﰲ‬ ‫ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺃﻭ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﻍ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﺧﻼ‬.(‫)ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳏﻞ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ‬.‫ ﻛﺎﳊﺴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺀ‬.‫ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻋﲔ ﳚﺐ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ‬: ‫ﺎ ﻭﻃﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ‬‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎ‬  .‫ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﳑﺪﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﺼﺢ‬،‫ ﲨﻊ ﻣﺎﺀ‬.‫ ﲢﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﻭﺍﻧﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻠﺒﺖ ﺃﻟﻔﺎ ﰒ ﺃﺑﺪﻟﺖ ﺍﳍﺎﺀ ﳘﺰﺓ‬،‫ﻩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ ﻣ‬.‫ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﱂ ﳛﻮﺝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬   .‫ ﺍﻟﺸﺊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬: :‫ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫( ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻣﺮﺧﺺ‬١ ‫ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬/ ‫أ‬ An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file. Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ‪).‬ﻧﻮﺍﻗﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٣‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪).‬ﻣﺎ ﳛﺮﻡ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﺙ ﺍﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ : ‬ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻣﺮﺧﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫‪  (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲨﺎﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻧﺰﺍﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪  (٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺾ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻔﺎﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺬﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ : ‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺬﺭ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻣﺮﺧﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ :  (١‬ﻛﺒﻮﻝ ﺻﱯ ﱂ ﻳﻄﻌﻢ ﻏﲑ ﻟﱭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪:  (٢‬ﻛﺒﻮﻝ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﱮ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ :  (٣‬ﻛﺒﻮﻝ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪) :‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﲡﺪﻭﺍ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﺘﻴﻤﻤﻮﺍ( ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻮﺏ ﻓﻠﻮ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﳌﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﻘﺪﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻃﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ ﻭﰱ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳋﺒﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٣‬ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ )‪ (‬ﰲ ﺧﱪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﺣﲔ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪) :‬ﺻﺒﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺫﹶﻧﻮﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺀ( ﻭﺍﻟﺬﱠﻧﻮﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻮ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﻠﺌﺔ ﻣﺎﺀ‪.‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻮﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﻛﻔﻰ ﻏﲑﻩ ﳌﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻘﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ ﻏﲑﻩ‪،‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺴﻞ ﺑﺎﳋﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﱭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺃ( ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺒﺪﻱ )ﺃﻯ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ‪ ‬ﳌﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻄﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)ﻭﻳﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﻄﻬﺮﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ(‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪) :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﺅﻩ ﺍﳊﻞ ﻣﻴﺘﺘﻪ(‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﲨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ )‪)(‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺠﺴﻪ ﺷﺊ( ﳌﺎ ﺳﺌﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺌﺮ ﺑ‪‬ﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﺌﺮ ﺭﻭﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﱰﻻﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﰒ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺍﳉﻤﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬ ‫ﳍﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﱰﻻﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﰒ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺍﳉﻤﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱪﺩ‬ ‫ﳍﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪):‬ﻭﻳﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﻄﻬﺮﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﱀ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬.‫ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ)ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﺅﻩ ﺍﳊﻞ ﻣﻴﺘﺘﻪ( ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‬.‫ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺏ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﳓﻮﳘﺎ‬.‫ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ‬.‫ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ‬.‫ﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﺌﺮ ﺭﻭﻣﺔ‬‫( )ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺠﺴﻪ ﺷﺊ( ﳌﺎ ﺳﺌﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺌﺮ ﺑ‬) ‫ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬  :‫ﺱ‬  .‫( ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬) ‫ ﻷﻧﻪ‬: ‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬، ‫ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺌﺮ ﺯﻣﺰﻡ‬‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻬ‬.‫ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻪ‬  .‫ﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎﺀ‬‫ ﺳﻴ‬،‫ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ ﳌﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺳﲑ‬  .‫ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﺔ‬  ‫ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺫﺭ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺯﺍﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺩﻣﺘﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺣﲔ ﺭﲨﻮﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬.‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬.‫ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‬ :.‫ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ‬: (١.‫ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ‬،‫ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ‬‫( ﻣﻦ ﺫﺍ‬) ‫ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ‬: (٢.‫ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻠﺞ‬.‫ﺩ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬/ ‫أ‬ An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file. Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﱰﻻﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﰒ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺍﳉﻤﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ )ﺃﻯ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺪﺭﺟﺎﻥ ﲢﺖ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺑﻼ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻛﻼﻡ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﰱ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑﻩ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺼﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺄﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺘﺸﻤﺲ )ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺨﻨﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﳌﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ( ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑﻩ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻋﺎ ﺗﱰﻳﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻃﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﻻﻏﺘﺴﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺭﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﺹ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ ﺃ( ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻫﺮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻓﻸﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﺮﺯﻭﻥ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻄﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻻﻗﺘﻪ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﳋﱪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪) :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻙ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺘﲔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺃﻡ ﱂ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻆ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻐﲑ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻗﻠﺘﲔ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺣﻠﺖ ﺑﻪ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﻧﻮﻣﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻐﻤﺲ ﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺀ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻐﺴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺀ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻻﻗﺘﻪ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺖ ﻳﺪﻩ(‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﳒﺲ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺃﻡ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻻﻗﺘﻪ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ‪،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻨﺠﺲ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻐﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺀ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻋﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺑﻼ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻻﻡ ﻋﻬﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﻗﻴﺪ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻛﻤﺎﺀ ﺩﺍﻓﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺃ( ﻗﻴﺪ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺝ( ﻗﻴﺪ ﺑﻼﻡ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ )‪) (‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ( ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﳌﲏ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﲟﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﻄﲔ ﻭﻃﺤﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺮﻩ ﻭﳑﺮﻩ ‪ :‬ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺮ‪ ‬ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲟﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﰲ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻬﲑ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﺜﲎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻨﺠﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﲟﻄﻬﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬.‫ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻋﺎ ﺗﱰﻳﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬.‫ ﺃﻱ ﺍﳌﺘﺸﻤﺲ ﺃﻱ ﺳﺨﻨﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬‫ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﻻﻏﺘﺴﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻪ‬،‫ ﳌﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻪ‬.‫ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﱪﺹ‬:‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬  .‫ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺒﻼﺩ ﺣﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺗﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ )ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﻦ ﳘﺎ‬.‫ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﻕ ﳓﻮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ‬.(‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ‬.‫ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ‬ ‫ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻻﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ ﺑﺴﺨﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻴﻒ‬،‫ ( ﺗﻌﻠﻮ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬١ ) ‫ﺎ ﺗﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺯﻫﻮﻣﺔ‬‫ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﲝﺪ‬.( ٢ ) ‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﺤﺘﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻓﻴﺤﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﺹ‬   .‫ ﻷﻥ ﺿﺮﺭﻩ ﻣﻈﻨﻮﻥ ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻢ ﻓﻀﺮﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻳﻘﻴﻨﺎ‬  .‫ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺿﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬،‫ﳚﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻏﲑﻩ‬  .‫ ﻭﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬     ‫ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬/ ‫أ‬ An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file. Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬  .‫ﻻ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺨﲔ ﺑﺒﻼﺩ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ‬   ‫ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺨﻦ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻊ ﻧﻘﺪ ﻟﺼﻔﺎﺀ‬، ‫ﻻ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﻤﺲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺨﻦ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﺒﻊ ﻛﺎﳋﺰﻑ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻩ‬  .‫ﻻ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺑﺮﺩ‬  .(‫ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺋﻌﺎ ﻛﺮﻩ )ﻛﺎﻟﺸﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﺜﻼ( ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻼ )ﻛﺎﻷﺭﺯ‬  .‫ﺃ( ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺑﺮﺹ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺭ‬.‫ﺏ( ﻭﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳏﺘﺮﻡ‬.‫ﺝ( ﻭﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﱪﺹ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﳋﻴﻞ‬    .‫ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺗﱰﻳﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬  .‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻼ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﻟﻔﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ‬   ‫ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬/ ‫أ‬ An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file. Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺗﱰﻳﻬﺎ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﻮﻧﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﳌﻨﻌﻪ ﺇﺳﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺀ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻳﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻟﻨﻮﻋﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻛﺎﻟﻐﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻓﻸﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻻ ﳛﺘﺮﺯﻭﻥ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﺃﻧﻪ )‪ (‬ﻋﺎﺩ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻓﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻭﺻﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺿﻮﺋﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻠﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻫﻬﻢ ﱂ ﳚﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻭﱂ ﳚﻤﻌﻮﻩ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺏ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺬﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺃ( ‪( ١ ) ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ‪ ( ٣ ) ‬ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺒﺪﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻃﻬﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪).‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﺮﻃﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻼ ﰲ ﻃﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﺔ(‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﺘﺮﺩﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ : ‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺟﻨﺴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑ ﲟﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﻄﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪: ‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑ ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺭﳛﻪ ﲟﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﻄﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻐﲎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻐﲑﺍ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﺃﻡ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﺣﺴﻴﺎ ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺴﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻣﺎﺀ ﺷﺠﺮ ﻭﻣﲏ ﻭﻣﻠﺢ ﺟﺒﻠﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺎﺀ )ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﻄﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫‪ -١ ‬ﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﻠﻂ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺑﻐﲑﻩ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻐﲑ ﺗﻐﲑﺍ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﻨﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﱂ ﳛﻨﺚ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺃ( ‪ ‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻐﲑ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻌﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﺗﻐﲑﺍ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﺬﻭﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺋﻊ ﰱ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻐﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺗﻐﲑ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺑﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﻻ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬.‫ ﻭﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬،‫ ﻟﺘﻌﺬﺭ ﺻﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﻪ‬  . ‫ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ‬   . ‫ﱂ ﻳﻄﻬﺮ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺘﲔ‬   .‫ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺗﻐﲑ ﲟﻜﺚ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﺤﺶ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﻭﻃﲔ ﻭﻃﺤﻠﺐ ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺮﻩ ﻭﳑﺮﻩ ﻛﻜﱪﻳﺖ ﻭﺯﺭﻧﻴﺦ ﻭﻧﻮﺭﺓ‬.‫ ﻟﺘﻌﺬﺭ ﺻﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬  .‫ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺗﻨﺎﺛﺮﺕ ﻭﺗﻔﺘﺘﺖ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻄﺖ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬.‫ ﻟﺘﻌﺬﺭ ﺻﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬   .‫ ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﺯ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬،‫ﻳﻀﺮ ﻭﻳﺼﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺍ‬ : ‫ﺎﻭﺭ‬‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍ ﺨﺎﻟﻂ ﻭﺍ‬  .‫ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺼﻠﻪ ﻭﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬/ ‫أ‬ An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file. Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺃ(ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻼ ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﳎﺮ‪‬ﺩ ﻛﹸﺪ‪‬ﻭﺭ‪‬ﺓ ﻓﻼ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ‪‬ﺿﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺀ ﳒﺲ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺃﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﺠﺲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻻﻗﺘﻪ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﺗﺪﺭﻙ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮ ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺘﲔ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻃﺎﻝ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ‪  ،‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻗﻠﺘﲔ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺘﻐﲑ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﳋﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ : ‬ﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺘﲔ )ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻗﻠﺘﲔ ﱂ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﳋﺒﺚ(‬ ‫‪) :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻆ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻣﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻐﻤﺲ ﻳﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺀ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻐﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺖ ﻳﺪﻩ(‬ ‫‪ : ‬ﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﺲ ﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﻔﻴﺖ ﻻ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻓﻠﻮﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻨﺠﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺻﻮﳍﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻬﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺣﺴﻲ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﳒﺲ‬ ‫‪ (١: ‬ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺺ ﳋﱪ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺘﲔ )ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻗﻠﺘﲔ ﱂ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﳋﺒﺚ(‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﻭﳋﱪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪):‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺠﺴﻪ ﺷﺊ( ﻛﻤﺎ ﺧﺼﺼﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺧﱪ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺘﲔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﺍﳊﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺃﻏﻠﻆ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﱪ ﻭﻃﻌﻢ ﺍﳋﻞ ﻭﺭﻳﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﻚ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻨﺠﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﱂ ﻳﺘﻐﲑ ﻓﻄﻬﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ )‪) (‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻗﻠﺘﲔ ﱂ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﳋﺒﺚ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻷﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪) :‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺠﺲ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﱂ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﳋﺒﺚ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺲ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ : ‬ﺃﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﻟﻠﱭ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻳﻨﺠﺲ ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﻣﻼﻗﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﺑﺄﻥﱠ ﻛﺜﲑ‪‬ﻩ‪ ‬ﻗﻮﻱ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺸﻖ‪ ‬ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺲ ﲞﻼﻑ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺜﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺃ( ‪‬‬ ‫‪ :‬ﻃﻬﺮ ﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺠﻴﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ‪ : ‬ﱂ ﻳﻄﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﺎ ﻻ ﻧﺪﺭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺘﺮﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻴﺘﺔ ﻻ ﺩﻡ ﳍﺎ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺃﺻﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻴﻞ ﺩﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺷﻖ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ : ‬ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭ ﻭﻋﻘﺮﺏ ﻭﻭﺯﻍ ﻭﺫﺑﺎﺏ ﻭﻗﻤﻞ ﻭﺑﺮﻏﻮﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻨﺠﺲ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺑﻮﻗﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ(ﺃﻻ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺃ( ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻄﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻃﺎﺭﺡ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﳌﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﳋﱪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪) :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺍﺏ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻓﻠﻴﻐﻤﺴﻪ ﻛﻠﻪ ﰒ ﻟﻴﱰﻋﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺟﻨﺎﺣﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺷﻔﺎﺀ( ﺯﺍﺩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻘﻰ ﲜﻨﺎﺣﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺀ(‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﻀﻲ ﻏﻤﺴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﳒﺲ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻊ ﳌﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻴﻞ ﺩﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﳒﺲ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﻟﻘﻠﺘﻪ ﻛﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﻮﻝ ﻭﲬﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠﹶﻖ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﺭﹺﺟ‪‬ﻞ ﺫﺑﺎﺏ ﻟﻌﺴﺮ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﺄﺷﺒﻪ ﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻏﻴﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺙ ﲰﻚ ﱂ ﻳﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻴﺴﲑ ﻋﺮﻓﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﳒﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﳓﻮ ﻛﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻛﺎﳊﻤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٥‬ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺧﺎﻥ ﳒﺲ ﻭﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺟﲔ )ﺭﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺋﻢ( ﻭﳓﻮﻩ ﳑﺎ ﲢﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ ﻛﺎﻟﺬﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٦‬ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻨﺠﺲ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺬ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻔﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﱂ ﻳﻨﺠﺴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻜﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﻓﻤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﳒﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﻭﻃﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﻀﺪ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻃﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻟﻮﻏﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻛﺜﲑ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ ﻓﺮﺟﺢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ :‬ﺍﳉﹶﺮ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ :‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻳﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺪﻳﻪ ﺃﻱ ﻳﺮﻓﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻫ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺮ ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻘﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﳚﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪: ‬ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺭﻃﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ )ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻯ ‪ ٤٥٠‬ﺟﺮﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ(‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ )ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻗﻠﺘﲔ ﺑﻘﻼﻝ ﻫﺠﺮ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺠﺴﻪ ﺷﺊ(‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﻭﺭﺑﻊ ﻃﻮﻻ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﺎ ﻭﻋﻤﻘﺎ ﺑﺬﺭﺍﻉ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻻ ﻭﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﻋﺮﺿﺎ ﺑﺬﺭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺠﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪٦١,٨٣٤‬ﺳﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ ﻭﺭﺑﻊ = ‪٧٧,٢٩٢٥‬ﺳﻢ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪:‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﻓﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺴ‪‬ﺘﻮﹴ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﲏ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺘﲔ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺑﺎﳉﺮﻳﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻻ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻌﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺣﺎﻓﱵ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﻋﺮﺿﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﲤﻮﺟﻪ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺔ ﱂ ﺗﻨﺠﺲ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻐﲑ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻋﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻭﺷﺮﻋﺎ؟ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻏﺴﻼ ﺷﺮﻋﻴﺎ؟ ﻭﳌﺎﺫﺍ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ ﻭﺍﳋﺒﺚ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺴﻢ؟ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻌﲔ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﺙ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﲔ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻳﺼﺢ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻬﲑ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﻞ؟‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻞ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﲟﺎﺀ ﺯﻣﺰﻡ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ؟ ﺩﻟﻞ‪.‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ؟ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ؟ ﻭﺍﺫﻛﺮ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻠﻪ‪.‬ﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﻤﺲ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﻭﻃﻪ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﺘﻪ؟ ﻣﱴ ﳚﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﻤﺲ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﻮﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻭﺩﺓ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻄﻬﺮ؟ ﱂ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﺎﻫﺮﺍ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻧﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ؟ ﻭﻣﱴ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻟﻮ ﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﺴﻚ ﻭﻏﻴ‪‬ﺮﻩ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺑﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻃﺮﺡ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺠﺲ؟ ﻭﻋﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺠﺲ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ؟ ﺩﻟﻞ‪.‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻱ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺜﲎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺲ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻔﻮ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﻠﺔ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺘﲔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺪﳝﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻱ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﱪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻱ؟‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺘﲔ ﻋﺮﺿﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﻓﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٣‬ﻣﺎ ﺣﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻻﻗﺘﻪ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺘﲔ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺭﻃﺎﻝ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻐﲑ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺭﳛﻪ ﲟﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﻄﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻐﲎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﺙ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٦‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺑﻼ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٧‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﺸﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٨‬ﻣﺎﺀ ﻳﱰﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﰒ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٩‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺬﺭ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻣﺮﺧﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١٠‬ﺑﻮﻝ ﺻﱯ ﱂ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻠﱭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١١‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻣﺮﺧﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١٢‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲨﺎﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻧﺰﺍﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١٣‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺒﺎﺡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﲡﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻏﺴﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﻮﻧﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻳﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﻍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٣‬ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﳋﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﲟﺎﺀ ﺯﻣﺰﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٦‬ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﲟﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﺤﻠﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٧‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٨‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﻤﺲ ﰲ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺛﻮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺒﺦ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٩‬ﺳﺨﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﲟﺎﺀ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﻮﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻭﺩﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١١‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﲡﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻏﺴﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١٢‬ﻧﻮﻯ ﺟﻨﺐ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﻐﻤﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١٣‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺷﺊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﺑﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻜﺚ ﺃﻭ ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﳑﺮﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١٥‬ﻓﺘ‪‬ﺖ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺘﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻓﻐﲑﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١٦‬ﺗﻐﲑ ﺭﻳﺢ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻛﺎﻓﻮﺭ ﺻﻠﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١٧‬ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻼ ﻓﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١٨‬ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻗﻠﺘﲔ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﻓﻐﲑﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١٩‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ (٢٠‬ﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﺍﳊﺴﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٢١‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺫﺑﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٢٢‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﲬﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٢٣‬ﺗﻨﺠﺲ ﻓﻢ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﻛﻬﹺﺮ‪‬ﺓ ﰒ ﻏﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺎﺀً ﻛﺜﲑﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٢٤‬ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺪﻓﻊ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻐﲑﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﻳﻄﻬﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﳋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲟﺎﺀ ﺯﻣﺰﻡ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻫﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٣‬ﻳﻄﻬﺮ ﺑﻮﻝ ﺍﳍﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺑﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻬﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻮﻝ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻮﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٤‬ﻟﻮ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺤﻠﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﲔ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺑﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﻥ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﺎﺀً ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻐﲑ ﻓﻌﻼ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٥‬ﻟﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺛﻮﺏ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٦‬ﻟﻮ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺗﻔﺘﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻏﲑﺗﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻓﺘ‪‬ﺖ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﻟﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻳﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٧‬ﻟﻮ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺭﻳﺢ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻳﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺭﻳﺢ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﻮﺩ ﻭﺩﻫﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺗﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٨‬ﻟﻮ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻐﲑﻩ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺠﺲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺭ ﺍﳋﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻣﻨﺠﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬  .‫ ﺃﻱ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﻬﺮ ﺑﺪﺑﺎﻏﻪ‬   ‫ ﻧﺰﻉ ﻓﻀﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎﺋﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺭﻃﻮﺑﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻔﺴﺪﻩ ﺑﻘﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﻄﻴﺒﻪ ﻧﺰﻋﻬﺎ ﲝﻴﺚ‬.‫ﻟﻮ ﻧﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱳ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‬   .‫ ( ﻭﻗﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻥ‬٥ ) ‫ ( ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻔﺺ‬٤ ) ‫ﻳﻒ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺮﻅ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺃ( ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳊ‬.(‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭ )ﻭﻻ ﻓﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﺲ‬‫ﺏ( ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﺲ ﻛﺬﹶﺭ‬   ‫ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍ ﻭﺑﺎﻃﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺑﺎﻍ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﺈﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﻎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﺭﻳﺢ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺈﻟﻘﺎﺋﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﻎ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻓﺪﺑﻐﺘﻤﻮﻩ‬‫ )ﻫﻼﱠ ﺃﺧﺬﰎ ﺇﻫﺎ‬:‫ ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬، ‫( )ﺃﳝﺎ ﺇﻫﺎﺏ ﺩﺑﻎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻃﻬﺮ( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬) ‫ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬ (‫ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻔﻌﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ‬  .‫ ﻣﺎ ﻻﻗﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﻎ‬.‫ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﻎ‬      ‫ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬/ ‫أ‬ An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file. Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻓﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻴﺘﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺄﻛﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﻳﱰﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻮﻝ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﻒ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﻭﻃﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺘﻪ ‪‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻼﺕ ﱂ ﺗﺰﻝ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﲨﺪﺕ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻧﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻳﺼﲑ ﺍﳌﺪﺑﻮﻍ ﻛﺜﻮﺏ ﻣﺘﻨﺠﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﳌﻼﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﻟﻸﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺠﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻃﹸﻬﺮ ﻋﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﳚﺐ ﻏﺴﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  (١‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻏﺴﻠﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻨﺠ‪‬ﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫‪  (٣‬ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﺃﻛﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺄﻛﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺃﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﳋﱪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ )ﺇﳕﺎ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺘﺔ ﺃﻛﻠﻬﺎ(‬ ‫‪  (٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻨﺠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺗﺄﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺑﻎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﻍ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻬﺮ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﳋﱰﻳﺮ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺇﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻎ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻻ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﻃﻬﺎﺭﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪  (٦‬ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﻍ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻬﺮ ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﳋﱰﻳﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺇﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻎ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻻ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﻃﻬﺎﺭﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺫﻛﺎﺓ ﺷﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺃ( ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﺑﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻛﺬﺑﻴﺤﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﻟﻠﺼﻴﺪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﺑﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻮﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﳒﺲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )ﺣﺮﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻴﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻡ(‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﲢﺮﱘ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳒﺎﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪ ٢‬ﻛﻤﻴﺘﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﻲ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﺎﻫﺮﺍ ﻓﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳒﺴﺎ ﻓﻨﺠﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﳋﱪ )ﻣﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻲ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﺘﻪ( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺩ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﳒﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٣‬ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻧﺘﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺘﻔﺖ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻮﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻭﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺷﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﺛﺎﺛﺎ ﻭﻣﺘﺎﻋﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺣﲔ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﻬﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪  (٣‬ﺣﻜﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﻄﻬﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻜﻜﻨﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻋﺪﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪  (٤‬ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﺃﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻨﺠﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪  (٥‬ﳒﺲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮ ﳒﺴﺎ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ‪ /‬ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺟﺎد‬ ‫‪An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file.‬‬ ‫‪Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice.‬‬  ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻲ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺃﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻫﺮ‪  ،‬ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺮﻣﻨﺎ ﺑﲏ ﺁﺩﻡ( ﻭﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﱘ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻨﺠﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪  (٧‬ﲢﻞ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻚ ﻭﺍﳉﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﺠﺲ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ )‪) (‬ﺃﺣﻠﺖ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻚ ﻭﺍﳉﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻝ(‬ ‫‪‬‬