2. Sickle Cell & Pernicious Anemia .pdf

Anemia II Pathophysiology Course Sickle Cell Anemia Normal Cell Sickle Cell The RBCs have a distorted shape, transforming from a nice round plump O...

Anemia II Pathophysiology Course Sickle Cell Anemia Normal Cell Sickle Cell The RBCs have a distorted shape, transforming from a nice round plump O2 shape to a skinny sucked in sickle shape. These misshapen RBCs die O2 O2 O2 O2 quicker than normal RBCs, carry less oxygen to the body & get clogged O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 in tiny blood vessels - blocking or occluding the blood supply causing O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 ischemia (low oxygen) to the organs. A vaso-occlusive crisis or O2 “sickle cell crisis” can occur, causing extreme pain from the lack of oxygen! Signs & Symptoms Complication Splenomegaly Splenic sequestration crisis Blood Clot Manifestations Rapidly enlarging spleen One-sided arm weakness Low blood pressure Swelling of the feet and hands (Dactylitis) Treatment Higher doses EXAM TIP Hydration: IV fluids New-onset paralysis of Bed rest extremities Pain Control NCLEX TIP PCA - patient control Sudden inability to be analgesia pump aroused Call the HCP for Higher doses Pernicious Anemia The body cannot absorb B12, which is a vital building block to B12 B12 create RBCs. Clients lack intrinsic factor in the GI tract, which B12 B12 B12 helps the body take in B12. B12 Signs & Symptoms Treatment Glossitis: EXAM TIP Inflamed red smooth tongue Extreme weakness B12 - Injection: IM or IV Jaundice: “pale yellow skin” NOT orally (PO)