History Of Medical Technology Profession PDF

(LECTURE 1) HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION Diane Mae N. Abellana-Jawadil,RMT Tagum Doctors College, Inc.  1 OBJECTIVES Discuss the history of Medical Technology in a global context....

(LECTURE 1) HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION Diane Mae N. Abellana-Jawadil,RMT Tagum Doctors College, Inc.  1 OBJECTIVES Discuss the history of Medical Technology in a global context. Cite inventions and innovations in the Medical Technology field. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT  2 HISTORY Diseases were believed to be caused by the negative interaction between the environment and the body. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  3 300BC - 180AD HIPPOCRATES Father of Medicine Author of Hippocratic Oath DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  4 300BC - 180AD GALEN Greek physician and philosopher “A person’s health is dependent on the balance of four humors/liquids.” DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  5 FOUR HUMORS 1 BLOOD DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 2 PHLEGM 3 YELLOW BILE 4 BLACK BILE  6 ANCIENT GREEK PHYSICIANS DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  7 URINE One of the body fluids under examination. Hippocrates o Advocated for tasting urine o Listening to the lungs o Observing outward appearances DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  8 URINE Appearance of bubbles, blood, pus in urine indicate a kidney disease and chronic illness. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  9 URINE Diabetes “diarrhea of urine” Uroscopy “water casting” DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  10 HISTORY 900 AD 11th Century First book detailing the Medical practitioners were urine’s characteristics was not allowed to conduct physical written. examination of a patient’s body. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  11 HISTORY 18th Century 19th Century Mechanical techniques and Machines were already used cadaver dissection were used to for diagnosis or therapeutics. provide more objective and accurate diagnosis. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  12 Spirometer Sphygmomanometer John Hutchinson Jules Herisson DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  13 19 Century th Chemistry was used in the Increasing numbers of patients lead to an increasing diagnosis of diabetes, anemia, amount of medical knowledge diphtheria, and syphilis. which generalists could no longer handle DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  14 19 Century TH Technology took over face- Increasing numbers of patients lead to an increasing to-face interaction between amount of medical knowledge patients and physicians. which generalists could no longer handle DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  14 Breakthroughs in Medical Technology Thermometer Stethoscope Microscope Ophthalmoscope Laryngoscope X-ray DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  15 Stethoscope First diagnostic medical breakthrough Invented by Rene Laennec in 1816 Used to acquire information about the lungs and heartbeats. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  16 Microscope 1840 Invented by Anton van Leeuwenhoek DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  17 Ophthalmoscope 1850 First visual technology Invented by Hermann von Helmholz DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  18 Laryngoscope 1855 Deviced by Manuel Garcia With two mirrors to observe the throat and larynx DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  19 X-ray 1859 Invented by Wilhelm Roentgen Allowed physician to view the inside of the body without surgery. Used to diagnose pneumonia, pleurisy, and tuberculosis since WW II. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  Mid-1800s 20 Laboratories were designed to analyze medical specimens. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  20 Mid-1900s Technical laboratories regulated by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began to be used in the US. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  21 20 Century th Advances in Medical Technology DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 ✓ Improvement in basic sciences ✓ Integration of scientific and technological discoveries Medical Advancements ✓ Electron microscope ✓ Imaging technologies ✓ Prosthetic devices  22 Electron Microscope Gave way to the visualization of small cells DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  23 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 1855 Deviced by Manuel Garcia DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  24 Prosthesis Artificial heart valve Artificial blood vessel DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  25 Prosthesis Electromechanical Limb DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  26 Electrocardiograph Developed by William Einthoven in 1903 Used to measure electrical changes during the beating of the heart. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  27 Kenny Method Served as the pioneering work for modern physical therapy. Devised by Elizabeth Kenny in 1910 for the treatment of polio. Uses hot packs and muscle manipulation DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES  28 1895 1918 William Pepper Laboratory John Kolmer – developed a of Clinical Medicine of University method that would certify of Pennsylvania medical technologists on a national scale. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  29 ”The Demand for and 1918 Training of Laboratory Technicians” DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  30 1918 Pennsylvania’s state legislature enacted a law requiring all hospitals and institutions to have a fully-equipped laboratory fit for routine testing and to employ a full-time laboratory technician. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  31 1920 Chief Physician Division of Clinical Laboratories Heads the administrative unit 1. Clinical Pathology of clinical laboratories in 2. Bacteriology 3. Microbiology large hospitals. 4. Serology 5. Radiology DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  32 1922 American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Established the code of ethics for technicians and technologists stating that these allied health professionals should work under the supervision of a physician; and refrain from making oral or written diagnosis and advising physicians on how patients should be treated. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  33 American Society for Clinical Laboratory Formerly American Society for Medical Technologists Helped in the recognition of nonphysician clinical laboratory scientists as autonomous professionals. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024  34 1950s Professional recognition of Medical Technologists Licensure laws DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES  35 HOSPITAL REAL SAN LAZARO HOSPITAL ✓ The first hospital established ✓ Built by the Franciscans in 1578 by Spaniards for the poor and lepers. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 ✓ Moved to Manila to cater military patients HOSPITAL DE SAN JOSE ✓ Founded in Cavite in 1641 HOSPITAL DE SAN JUAN DE DIOS ✓ Founded in 1596 for poor Spaniards  36 UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS ✓ Founded by the Dominicans in 1611 ✓ Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine were DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 established in 1871. ✓ Journals of sciences and medicine were HOSPITAL DE SAN JOSE published: ✓ Founded in Cavite in 1641 Boletin de Medicina de Manila (1886) Revista Farmaceutica de Filipinas (1893) Cronicas de Ciencias Medicas (1895)  37 1876 ✓ Provincial medical officers were LABORATORIO MUNICIPAL DE MANILA appointed to provide health care ✓ Established by the Spanish authorities in 1887 DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 services throughout the country. for laboratory examinations of food, water, and clinical samples. BOARD OF HEALTH AND CHARITY GENERAL ANTONIO LUNA ✓ Established in 1883 and expanded in 1886. ✓ Employed as a chemical expert and pioneered water testing, forensics, and environmental studies. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 38 Spanish Military Hospital FIRST RESERVED HOSPITAL ✓ Director/Chief surgeon: ▪ Lt. Col. HENRY LIPINCOTT ✓ With diagnostic laboratory but was not fully maximized  39 FIRST RESERVED HOSPITAL ✓ Autopsies and examination of bodily fluids and substances DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 (blood, feces, urine) were possible under the new Director, RICHARD P. STRONG  40 Bureau of Government Laboratories Established by the US government through the Philippine DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 Commission under the Philippine Commission Act No. 156. Located in Calle Herran (Pedro Gil), Ermita, Manila With science library, chemical section, and serum laboratory for the production of vaccines.  41 Bureau of Government Laboratories Serum laboratory - vaccine production DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 Biology laboratory - development of methods in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of human and animal diseases Chemical laboratory - investigation of food, plant composition, and minerals  42 Bureau of Government Laboratories Paul Freer 1st director DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 Ensured that the biological laboratory will be equipped with adequate supplies and equipment: ✓ Incubators ✓ Sterilizers ✓ Microscopes ✓ Microtomes ✓ Stain ✓ Glassware ✓ Chemicals  43 Bureau of Government Bureau of Laboratories Science Worked closely with PGH and UP DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 Became an active center for scientific research and instruction in the country.  44 Bureau of Science 1909: 7000 fecal specimen DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 900 urine specimen 700 blood specimen Focused on Microbiology Cholera, malaria, leprosy, tuberculosis, dysentery  45 Manila Public Health Laboratory The first clinical laboratory in the Philippines DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 Established during the WWII by the 6th Infantry Division of the US Army Located in Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila Endorsed to the National Department of Health (1945) Reopened by Dr. Pio de Roda with the help of Manila City Health Officer Dr. Mariano Icasiano.  46 Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana - Conducted a training program with Dr. Pio de Roda for DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 aspiring laboratory workers. - Prepared a six-month formal syllabus for the training program with certificate for the trainees upon completion. - Later joined by Dr. Tirso Briones - The training program ended in 1954  47 1954 - The Bureau of Private Education approved a four-year course DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 in Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology - The Manila Sanitarium and Hospital (MSH) opened the first School of Medical Technology in the Philippines Mrs. Willa Hedrick  48 Manila Sanitarium and Hospital - Started its internship and residency training program DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 affiliated with Loma Linda University, California  49 Philippine Union College (PUC) - Absorbed MSH’s School of Medical Technology DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 - Located in Baesa, Caloocan City - Now Adventist University of the Philippines  50 Dr. Jesse Umali - The first graduate of the BSMT program. DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 - Later graduated as a Doctor of Medicine at FEU - Became a successful OB-gynecologist in the US.  51 University of Sto. Tomas - Offered Medical Technology course as an elective for DMNAJ | TDCI | 2024 pharmacy students in 1957. - In 1961, Medical Technology was recognized as an official program in the university. INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL LABORATORY  ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK - the Father of Microbiology 1660 - Know for his work on the improvement of Microscope EDWARD JENNER - Discovered vaccine to smallpox 1796 - Impact of contribution: IMMUNOLOGY MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER BICHAT - Identified organs by their types of 1880 tissues - Impact of contribution: HISTOLOGY AGOSTINO BASSI - Produced disease in worms by injection 1835 of organic material – the beginning of BACTERIOLOGY.  LOUIS PASTEUR 1857 - Successfully produced immunity to rabies GREGOR MENDEL - Law of inherited characteristics from 1866 studies of plants JOSEPH LISTER - Demonstrated that surgical infections 1870 are caused by airborne organisms - Pioneer of antiseptic surgery ROBERT KOCH - Presented the first pictures of bacilli 1877 (anthrax) and tubercle bacilli  ELLIE METCHNIKOFF 1886 - Described phagocytes in blood and their role in fighting infections. ERNST VON BERGMANN 1886 - Introduced steam sterilization in surgery KARL LANDSTEINER - Distinguished blood groups through 1902 the development of the ABO blood group system AUGUST VON WASSERMAN - Developed immunologic tests for 1906 syphilis  HOWARD RICKETTS 1906 - Discovered microorganisms whose range lies between bacteria and viruses: rickettsiae HANS FISCHER 1929 - Worked out the structure of hemoglobin 1954 JONAS SALK - Developed poliomyelitis vaccine JAMES WESTGARD - Introduced the Westgard Rules for the 1973 quality control in the clinical laboratory.  BARUCH SAMUEL BLUMBERG 1980 - Introduced the Hepatitis B vaccine KARY MULLIS 1985 - Developed the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 1992 ANDRE VAN STEIRTEGHEM - Introduced the intracytoplasmic sperm injection JAMES THOMSON 1998 - Derived the first human stem cell line. THANK YOU!  ASSIGNMENT Answer page 13 (Post-Test) of PMLS 1 book Deadline: Next Meeting  Announcement: Quiz next meeting! Coverage: Entire Lecture 1 topics