2. NCM 109 NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN WTH UPPER-LOWER RESPIRATORY DISORDERS.pdf

Question Answer What is the focus of NCM 109? Nursing Care of a Child with Upper and Lower Respiratory Problems. What is another term for a 'cold'? Upper respiratory infection or rhinitis. What is the characteristic swelling Swelli...

Question Answer What is the focus of NCM 109? Nursing Care of a Child with Upper and Lower Respiratory Problems. What is another term for a 'cold'? Upper respiratory infection or rhinitis. What is the characteristic swelling Swelling of the nasal passages and the back of the throat. associated with a cold? What are the common causes of Sneezes, coughs, blowing nose, and talking. spreading the common cold? What are the common agents responsible Virus and bacteria. for causing the common cold? Which virus is the most common cause of Rhinovirus. the common cold? What is the contagious nature of the Highly contagious. rhinovirus? What are the symptoms of viral Runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, coughing, sore or scratchy throat, watery or itchy eyes, headache, nasopharyngitis? tiredness, body aches, low fever, post-nasal drip. What are the methods used by a doctor to Physical examination (nose, throat, and ears), swab test, and checking for swollen lymph nodes. diagnose viral nasopharyngitis? What does a doctor examine during the Nose, throat, and ears. physical examination for viral nasopharyngitis? What type of test can be used to diagnose Swab test. viral nasopharyngitis? What is checked for to diagnose viral Swollen lymph nodes. nasopharyngitis? How can viral nasopharyngitis be treated? With vapor rub, saline nasal spray, zinc sulfate syrup, and by consulting the pediatrician for dosage. How can you relieve congestion? Use a humidifier, vaporizer, or breathe in steam from hot water or a shower. What food can help relieve symptoms of a Chicken soup. cold? How can gargling with warm salt water It can help relieve the pain from a sore throat. help? What can help soothe a sore throat? Adding honey to warm water. What should you avoid to help with cold Smoking and secondhand smoke. symptoms? What is the link to the video? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6-Ijv3wOAM What is tonsillitis? Inflammation of the tonsils. Where are the tonsils located? At the back of the throat, one on each side. What are the signs and symptoms of Swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck. tonsillitis? What is the most common cause of Infection with a common virus. tonsillitis? What other type of infection may cause Bacterial infections. tonsillitis? What are some causes of tonsillitis? Viruses and bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes). Which virus is a common cause of Viruses. tonsillitis? Which bacteria is specifically associated Streptococcus pyogenes. with causing tonsillitis? What age group is most often affected by Children, especially ages 5 to 15. tonsillitis? Question Answer What is the most common age range for Children ages 5 to 15. bacterial tonsillitis? Why are school-age children at a higher Due to frequent exposure to viruses or bacteria. risk of tonsillitis? What is a significant risk factor for Frequent exposure to germs. tonsillitis? What age group is most commonly Children between preschool ages and midteenage years. affected by tonsillitis? What are the common signs of tonsillitis? Red, swollen tonsils, white or yellow coating or patches on the tonsils, sore throat. What are the symptoms of tonsillitis? Difficult or painful swallowing, fever, enlarged, tender glands in the neck, scratchy, muffled or throaty voice, bad breath, stomachache, neck pain or stiff neck, headache. When should you call the doctor if your Immediately. child has a sore throat with fever? What should you do if your child has a Call the doctor. sore throat that doesn't go away within 24 to 48 hours? When should you seek medical attention if Immediately. your child has painful or difficult swallowing? What symptoms should prompt you to call Extreme weakness, fatigue, or fussiness. the doctor if your child is experiencing extreme weakness, fatigue, or fussiness? What complications can arise from Disrupted breathing during sleep (obstructive sleep apnea), tonsillar cellulitis, and peritonsillar abscess. frequent or ongoing tonsillitis? What is the potential complication of Tonsillar cellulitis. tonsillitis that involves infection spreading deep into surrounding tissue? What complication of tonsillitis results in a Peritonsillar abscess. collection of pus behind a tonsil? What are the potential rare disorders if Rheumatic fever, complications of scarlet fever, inflammation of the kidney, poststreptococcal reactive tonsillitis caused by streptococcal bacteria arthritis. is not treated? What is rheumatic fever? A serious inflammatory condition that can affect the heart, joints, nervous system, and skin. What are the complications of scarlet A streptococcal infection characterized by a prominent rash. fever? What is poststreptococcal Inflammation of the kidney. glomerulonephritis? What is poststreptococcal reactive A condition that causes inflammation of the joints. arthritis? What are the contagious germs that cause Viral and bacterial germs. viral and bacterial tonsillitis? What is the best prevention for viral and Practicing good hygiene. bacterial tonsillitis? What should be taught to children to Wash hands thoroughly and frequently, avoid sharing food and utensils, and replace toothbrush after prevent tonsillitis? diagnosis. When should hands be washed to prevent Thoroughly and frequently, especially after using the toilet and before eating. tonsillitis? What should be avoided to prevent Sharing food, drinking glasses, water bottles, or utensils. tonsillitis? When should a child replace their After being diagnosed with tonsillitis. Question Answer toothbrush after being diagnosed with tonsillitis? What are the measures to prevent the Keeping the child at home when ill, asking the doctor about returning to school, teaching to spread of bacterial or viral infections to cough/sneeze into a tissue or elbow, and washing hands after sneezing or coughing. others? When should a child be kept at home? When he or she is ill. What should a child do when coughing or Cough or sneeze into a tissue or, when necessary, into his or her elbow. sneezing? What should a child do after sneezing or Wash his or her hands. coughing? What is the link to the video? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTnbdGq1kgQ What is another name for nosebleeds? Epistaxis. Why can nosebleeds occur easily? Due to the location of the nose and the close-to-the-surface location of blood vessels in the lining of the nose. What are some common causes of Nose picking, colds, sinusitis, blowing nose with force, inserting objects into the nose, injury to the nosebleeds? nose/face, allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, blood-thinning drugs. How can colds and sinusitis contribute to By causing repeated sneezing, coughing, and nose blowing. nosebleeds? Which drugs can contribute to Blood-thinning drugs such as aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, warfarin, and others. nosebleeds? What is rhinitis? Inflammation of the nasal lining. What are some substances that can Cocaine and other drugs. cause epistaxis when inhaled through the nose? What are some chemical irritants that can Chemicals in cleaning supplies, chemical fumes at the workplace, and other strong odors. cause epistaxis? How can high altitudes contribute to Thinner air and dryness due to lack of oxygen at higher altitudes. epistaxis? What is a deviated septum and how can it It is an abnormal shape of the wall that separates the two sides of the nose, and it can lead to cause epistaxis? nosebleeds. How can frequent use of nasal sprays and They can dry out the nasal membranes, leading to nosebleeds. medications contribute to epistaxis? What should you do to keep the blood Sit upright and lean your body and your head slightly forward. from running down your throat during a nosebleed? Why is it important not to lay flat or put To prevent nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. your head between your legs during a nosebleed? What should you use to catch the blood A tissue or damp washcloth. during a nosebleed? Where should you pinch to stop the The soft part of your nose against the hard bony ridge that forms the bridge of the nose. bleeding during a nosebleed? How long should you continuously pinch At least 5 minutes, timed by a clock. your nose to stop a nosebleed? What can you apply to the bridge of your An ice pack. nose to help constrict blood vessels during a nosebleed? What over-the-counter decongestant Oxymetazoline (Afrin®, Dristan®, Neo-Synephrine®, Vicks Sinex®, others). spray can be used to stop a nosebleed? Question Answer What should you avoid doing after the Bending over, straining, lifting heavy objects, blowing or rubbing your nose for several days. bleeding stops? When should you go to the emergency If you cannot stop the bleeding after 15 to 20 minutes of applying direct pressure, if the bleeding is rapid room for a nosebleed? or the blood loss is large, if you are having difficulty breathing, if you have vomited due to swallowing a large amount of blood, or if the nosebleed has followed a head injury or serious trauma. What is sinusitis? Inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses. What is the normal content of healthy Air. sinuses? What happens when sinuses become Germs can grow and cause an infection. blocked and filled with fluid? What can lead to an infection in the When sinuses become blocked and filled with fluid. sinuses? What are the causes of the common cold? Various viruses. What causes allergic rhinitis? Swelling of the lining of the nose due to allergens. What are nasal polyps? Small growths in the lining of the nose. What is a deviated septum? A shift in the nasal cavity. What are the symptoms of acute sinusitis? Runny, stuffy nose and facial pain. How long does acute sinusitis usually 2-4 weeks. last? What are the symptoms of subacute Symptoms lasting 4 to 12 weeks. sinusitis? How long does subacute sinusitis usually 4 to 12 weeks. last? What are the symptoms of chronic Symptoms lasting 12 weeks or longer. sinusitis? How long does chronic sinusitis usually 12 weeks or longer. last? What is recurrent sinusitis? Sinusitis that happens several times a year. What are the main signs of acute Facial pain or pressure, 'Stuffed-up' nose, Runny nose, Loss of smell, Cough or congestion. sinusitis? What is the duration of symptoms for 12 weeks or more. chronic sinusitis? What are the common symptoms of Congestion or fullness in the face, nasal obstruction, pus in the nasal cavity, fever, runny nose or chronic sinusitis? discolored postnasal drainage, headaches, bad breath, tooth pain, and fatigue. What is a common treatment for nasal Decongestant. congestion? What is used to wash the nasal passages Saline nasal wash. in the treatment of congestion? When are antibiotics used in the treatment When there is a bacterial infection. of nasal congestion? What type of air is beneficial in the Warm, moist air. treatment of nasal congestion? What is laryngitis? It is an inflammation of the voice box (larynx) caused by overuse, irritation, or infection. What are the causes of acute laryngitis? Viral infections, vocal strain, and bacterial infections. How do most cases of laryngitis improve? After the underlying cause gets better. Question Answer What type of infections can cause acute Viral and bacterial infections. laryngitis? What can cause vocal strain leading to Yelling or overusing your voice. acute laryngitis? What are the causes of chronic laryngitis? Inhaled irritants, acid reflux, chronic sinusitis, excessive alcohol use, habitual overuse of voice, smoking, bacterial or fungal infections, infections with certain parasites. What are some inhaled irritants that can Chemical fumes, allergens, or smoke. cause chronic laryngitis? What is another name for acid reflux? Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). What is a less common cause of chronic Infections with certain parasites. laryngitis? What are the risk factors for respiratory Having a respiratory infection. infections? What can increase the risk of respiratory Exposure to irritating substances. issues? What behavior can contribute to vocal Overusing your voice. problems? What are the symptoms of laryngitis? Hoarseness, weak voice or voice loss, tickling sensation and rawness in your throat, sore throat, dry throat, dry cough. When should you seek immediate medical If they make noisy, high-pitched breathing sounds when inhaling (stridor), drool more than usual, have attention for your child? trouble swallowing, have difficulty breathing, or have a fever. What are some ways to prevent upper Avoid smoking, stay away from secondhand smoke, limit alcohol and caffeine, drink plenty of water, respiratory infections? include a variety of healthy foods in your diet, and avoid clearing your throat. Why should you avoid clearing your As a prevention measure for respiratory issues. throat? What dietary recommendation is given for Keep spicy foods out of your diet and include a variety of healthy foods. preventing respiratory issues? What is croup? A viral condition that causes swelling around the vocal cords. What are the causes of parainfluenza? Parainfluenza viruses (the common cold). Which virus is another group of common Adenovirus. cold viruses? What is the most common germ affecting Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). young children? What are some rare causes of common Allergies, exposure to inhaled irritants, or bacterial infections. cold? What are the symptoms of a cold? Sneezing and runny nose. What is a common symptom of a cold? Fever. What type of cough is associated with the Barking cough. common cold? What is a symptom of heavy breathing Common cold. indicative of? What type of voice change is common Hoarse voice. with a cold? What is the treatment for mild cases of Cool mist humidifiers. croup? What medications are used for severe Steroid medications. cases of croup to open the child's Question Answer airways? What is used to help a child with severe Oxygen. croup get enough oxygen? When is antibiotic treatment used for For bacterial infection. croup? How is rehydration done for severe cases With IVF (Intravenous Fluids). of croup? What is the main characteristic of Inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis. epiglottitis? How is epiglottitis described in terms of its Potentially life-threatening illness. potential impact? What bacterial strain can cause Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Streptococcus A, B, or C, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. epiglottitis? What is another name for Haemophilus Hib. influenzae type b? Which bacterial strain can cause strep Streptococcus A. throat? What is Streptococcus pneumoniae Bacterial pneumonia. commonly associated with? What are some causes of throat injury that Trauma, such as a stabbing or gunshot wound. can lead to this condition? How can smoking crack cocaine It can be a cause of this condition. contribute to this condition? What is a potential cause of this condition Chemical burns. related to inhaling chemicals? How can swallowing a foreign object lead It is one of the causes of this condition. to this condition? What type of injury can result in this Throat injury from steam or other sources of heat. condition? What age group is at a higher risk for Children younger than 12 months of age. developing epiglottitis? Which gender is more likely to develop Males. epiglottitis? What type of environment increases the Heavily populated environments such as schools or child care centers. risk of developing epiglottitis? How does a weak immune system Poor immune function makes it easier for epiglottitis to develop. contribute to the development of epiglottitis? What are the common symptoms of High fever, lessened symptoms when leaning forward or sitting upright, sore throat, hoarse voice, epiglottitis in children? drooling, difficulty swallowing, painful swallowing, restlessness, breathing through their mouth. How is tonsillitis diagnosed? Through physical observations and a medical history. What diagnostic tool is used to view the X-rays of the throat and chest. severity of inflammation and infection in tonsillitis? What is used to determine the cause of Throat and blood cultures. tonsillitis infection, such as bacteria or a virus? What procedure involves a throat Fiber optic throat examination. examination using a fiber optic tube? Question Answer How can oxygen levels be monitored With a pulse oximetry device. during treatment? What is used for nutrition and hydration Intravenous fluids. until the patient can swallow again? When is antibiotics used in treatment? To treat a known or suspected bacterial infection. What type of medication is used to reduce Anti-inflammatory medication, such as corticosteroids. the swelling in the throat? What is a tracheostomy? A minor surgical procedure involving an incision between the tracheal rings and placement of a breathing tube through the neck into the windpipe. How does a tracheostomy prevent It allows the exchange of oxygen directly into the windpipe, bypassing the epiglottis. respiratory failure? What is a cricothyroidotomy? A last resort procedure involving an incision or needle insertion just below the Adam’s apple into the trachea. When is a cricothyroidotomy considered? In severe cases as a last resort. What is a tracheostomy? A surgical procedure to create an opening in the neck to access the trachea. What is the purpose of a tracheostomy? To bypass an obstructed airway, remove secretions, or provide long-term mechanical ventilation. What are the common reasons for Severe airway obstruction, prolonged intubation, or neurological conditions affecting breathing. performing a tracheostomy? What is cricothyroidotomy? It is a surgical procedure to establish an airway through the cricothyroid membrane. When is cricothyroidotomy performed? It is performed in emergency situations when other methods of establishing an airway are not possible. What is the location of the cricothyroid It is located between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages in the neck. membrane? What is the topic of NCM 109? Nursing Care of a Child with Lower Respiratory Problem. What is influenza? An acute, highly contagious viral respiratory infection. What causes influenza? It is caused by one of three types of myxovirus influenzae. Is influenza highly contagious? Yes, it is highly contagious. What is the incubation period for 24 to 48 hours. influenza? When do symptoms of influenza typically Approximately 72 hours. appear after contact with the virus? How long does an infected person remain 3 days. contagious with influenza? What is the typical duration of influenza? 2 to 7 days. How does influenza spread through Rapidly, creating epidemics and pandemics. populations? What are the annual estimates for deaths Approximately 20,000 deaths and 250,000 to 500,000 new cases. and new cases of influenza in the United States? What are the signs of influenza? Fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue. What is a common symptom of influenza? Feeling feverish or chills. What are the respiratory symptoms of Cough and sore throat. influenza? What are the common body symptoms of Runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue. influenza? Question Answer How can rapid diagnostic tests for They can help in the diagnosis and management of patients with signs and symptoms compatible with influenza help in patient management? influenza. In what settings are rapid diagnostic tests They are useful for determining whether outbreaks of respiratory disease, such as in nursing homes and for influenza useful? other settings, might be due to influenza. How is the diagnosis of influenza made? The diagnosis is made by the history of symptoms and onset. How can the influenza virus be In three ways: direct contact with infected individuals, contact with contaminated objects, and inhalation transmitted among humans? of virus-laden aerosols. What are fomites in the context of Contaminated objects such as toys and doorknobs. influenza transmission? What is advised for medical Plenty of rest, plenty of liquids, and avoiding alcohol and tobacco. management? What are the recommended lifestyle Getting plenty of rest, drinking plenty of liquids, and avoiding alcohol and tobacco. changes for medical management? What should be avoided during medical Alcohol and tobacco. management? What is a key aspect of medical Plenty of rest. management for this condition? What is the role of medications in the To be determined based on the specific case. medical management of this condition? What medications should be administered Analgesics, antipyretics, and decongestants. as part of nursing interventions? What precautions should be followed Droplet and standard precautions. when providing nursing care? How should the water for cool, humidified Change the water daily. air be managed to prevent pseudomonas superinfection? What should the patient be encouraged to Rest in bed and drink plenty of fluids. do as part of nursing interventions? When should I.V. fluids be administered? As ordered. When should oxygen therapy be If warranted. administered? What vital signs should be regularly Including temperature. monitored as part of nursing interventions? What should the nurse monitor in the Fluid intake and output for signs of dehydration. patient? What signs and symptoms should the Developing pneumonia. nurse watch for in the patient? What advice should the nurse give to Use mouthwash or warm saline gargles. ease sore throat? What is the importance of increasing fluid To prevent dehydration. intake for the patient? What can the nurse suggest to relieve A warm bath or heating pad. myalgia? What should the nurse review with the Prevention of future influenza episodes. patient and the community? What is the 'flu shot'? An inactivated vaccine containing killed virus that is given with a needle. Who is the flu shot approved for? People older than 6 months, including healthy people and people with chronic medical conditions. Question Answer For which age group is the flu shot given 18 - 64 years of age. below the skin approved? What is the nasal-spray flu vaccine also LAIV (Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine). known as? What is the nasal-spray flu vaccine made Live, weakened flu viruses that do not cause the flu. with? Who is the nasal-spray flu vaccine Healthy people 2 years to 49 years of age who are not pregnant. approved for? What is bronchitis? An infection of the lower respiratory tract. What causes the inflammation and Viral or bacterial infection. irritation of the airways in bronchitis? What happens to mucus production in It increases. bronchitis? What are some causes of viral infections? Virus. What is a common cause of reduced lung Smoking. function? What can lead to occupational lung Occupational exposures. diseases? What environmental factor can contribute Air pollution. to lung problems? What is a potential cause of hereditary Heredity. lung conditions? What are the signs and symptoms of this Fever, tachypnea, mild dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, cough with clear to purulent sputum production, condition? and diffuse rhonchi and crackles. What type of sputum production is Clear to purulent. associated with this condition? What type of chest pain might be Pleuritic chest pain (possible). experienced with this condition? How are the crackles in this condition Diffuse rhonchi and crackles (as opposed to localized crackles usually heard with pneumonia). different from those heard with pneumonia? What can a chest X-ray rule out in the Pneumonia. case of pneumonia? What does a chest X-ray show in the case No evidence of lung infiltrates or consolidation. of bronchitis? What is the primary nursing diagnosis for Impaired gas exchange related to obstructed airways. the patient? What intervention may be used to Chest physiotherapy. mobilize secretions in the chest? What is the purpose of hydration in this To liquefy secretions. medical management? What is the purpose of inhaled To reduce bronchospasm and promote sputum expectoration. bronchodilators in pharmacologic interventions? What type of oral antibiotics may be used Macrolide. in the treatment of bronchitis? How are fever and cough managed in Through symptom management. bronchitis? What nursing interventions can help Ambulation, coughing, and deep breathing. Question Answer mobilize secretions? How can dehydration caused by fever and By ensuring adequate fluid intake. tachypnea be prevented? What should be cautioned against in Using over-the-counter cough suppressants, antihistamines, and decongestants. bronchitis patients? What should bronchitis patients be The full course of prescribed antibiotics. encouraged to complete? What is the appropriate cough preparation Cough preparations containing the mucolytic guaifenesin. for bronchitis patients? What should be advised to a patient To avoid dry environments, use a humidifier at bedside, and encourage smoking cessation. regarding a dry cough after bronchitis? What should the patient be taught to Early signs and symptoms. recognize and report regarding acute bronchitis? What are the key components of home Medications, complications, follow-up. care? What should be included in home care for Medications, complications management, and follow-up instructions. a patient? What is bronchiolitis? An inflammation of the bronchioles. What does RSV assessment include? Rhinorrhea, fever, lethargy, poor feeding, irritability, tachypnea, dyspnea, nasal flaring, wheezing, and diminished breath sounds. What are the symptoms of RSV? Rhinorrhea, fever, lethargy, poor feeding, irritability, tachypnea, dyspnea, nasal flaring, wheezing, and diminished breath sounds. What is the recommended position for a Fowler's position. patient with bronchiolitis/RSV? What type of oxygen should be provided Cool, humidified O2. for a patient with bronchiolitis/RSV? What fluids should be administered to a Oral & IV fluids. patient with bronchiolitis/RSV? What should be assessed in a patient with Signs of dehydration. bronchiolitis/RSV? What precautions should be taken for Private room, hand washing, avoid contamination to others, gowns, and Ribavirin (Virazole). nursing care with RSV? Why should pregnant health care Due to the potential risk to the fetus. providers not care for a child receiving Ribavirin? What is the medication used for treating Ribavirin (Virazole). RSV? What is an acute asthma exacerbation Status asthmaticus. that leads to respiratory failure? What characterizes status asthmaticus? Severe and worsening bronchial obstruction despite standard therapy. What is the outcome of status Respiratory failure. asthmaticus? What are the initial signs and symptoms of Short, shallow breaths, wheezing, and coughing. the condition? What are the signs of difficulty breathing? Heavy sweating and trouble speaking. What are the signs of fatigue and Abdominal, back, or neck muscle pain. weakness? Question Answer What are the signs of panic or confusion? Blue-tinted lips or skin and loss of consciousness. What are the causes of respiratory Respiratory infections. infections? What can cause severe stress? Severe stress. What can cause cold weather? Cold weather. What can cause severe allergic reactions? Severe allergic reactions. What can cause air pollution? Air pollution. What can exposure to chemicals and Exposure to chemicals and other irritants. other irritants cause? What is a common cause of respiratory Smoking. infections? Is asthma more common in boys or girls? Boys. What is a risk factor for developing Residence. asthma? What diagnostic method is used for Chest X-ray. diagnosing pneumothorax? Which diagnostic test is used to assess Electrocardiogram (ECG). the heart's electrical activity? What are higher doses of inhaled To provide relief, such as albuterol or levalbuterol. bronchodilators used for in the management of a condition? What type of medication can be used Corticosteroids. orally, injected, or inhaled in the management of a condition? Apart from albuterol, what is another type Ipratroprium bromide. of bronchodilator used in the management of a condition? What can be administered as a temporary An epinephrine shot. ventilation support in the management of a condition? What causes inflammation of the alveoli in Virus, mycoplasmal agents, bacteria, or the aspiration of foreign substances. pneumonia? What are the types of pneumonia? A. Viral pneumonia B. Primary Atypical Pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumoniae). What is the age group primarily affected Ages 5-12 years old. by Primary Atypical Pneumonia? When does Primary Atypical Pneumonia In the fall and winter months. occur more prevalently? Where is Primary Atypical Pneumonia In crowded living conditions. more prevalent? When is hospitalization indicated for When pleural effusion or empyema is present. bacterial pneumonia? What is staphylococcal pneumonia? A type of bacterial pneumonia. When does aspiration pneumonia occur? When food, secretions, liquids, or other materials enter the lung and cause inflammation. What are the common symptoms of viral Whitish sputum, fever, cough, malaise, prostration, wheezing. pneumonia? What is the recommended nursing care Oxygen with cool mist, increased fluid intake, antipyretics, chest physiotherapy, antimicrobial/antiviral. for viral pneumonia? Question Answer What are the common symptoms of Fever, malaise, headache, rhinitis, sore throat, cough, nonproductive cough initially then produces primary atypical pneumonia? seromucoid sputum that becomes mucopurulent or blood-streaked. What type of sputum is produced in Seromucoid sputum that becomes mucopurulent or blood-streaked. primary atypical pneumonia? What is the nursing care for primary Nursing care involves monitoring symptoms, providing supportive care, and administering prescribed atypical pneumonia? treatments. What are the common symptoms of Irritability, lethargy, poor feeding, abrupt fever, respiratory distress. bacterial pneumonia in infants? What are the common symptoms of Headache, chills, abdominal pain, chest pain, meningeal symptoms. bacterial pneumonia in older children? What type of cough is associated with Hacking, nonproductive cough. bacterial pneumonia? What can be observed in the breath Diminished breath sounds or scattered crackles. sounds of a person with bacterial pneumonia? What kind of sputum is associated with Purulent sputum. bacterial pneumonia? What is the primary nursing intervention Antimicrobial therapy. for bacterial pneumonia? What is the nursing intervention to support Administer O2. respiratory function in bacterial pneumonia? What is the purpose of mist tent in To provide humidified air. bacterial pneumonia nursing care? When is suctioning performed in bacterial PRN (as needed). pneumonia nursing care? What is the role of chest physiotherapy in To assist with mucus clearance. bacterial pneumonia nursing care? What is the recommended activity level for Bed rest. a patient with bacterial pneumonia? How should the patient position Lie on the affected side. themselves to aid in lung expansion in bacterial pneumonia? What are the routes for administering Oral & IV. medications in bacterial pneumonia nursing care? What type of medication is given to Antipyretics. reduce fever in bacterial pneumonia? Why are isolation precautions important in To prevent the spread of infection. bacterial pneumonia nursing care? What type of medication is used to Anti-tussives. suppress cough in bacterial pneumonia? What procedure may be performed to Thoracentesis. remove fluid from the pleural space in bacterial pneumonia? What is pneumothorax? When air gets between one of your lungs and the wall of your chest. What is another name for pneumothorax? Collapsed lung. What are the categories of Simple, Primary spontaneous, Secondary spontaneous, Tension, Traumatic or injury-related. Pneumothorax? What are the signs of bluish skin Hypoxia or lack of oxygen in the blood. Question Answer indicative of? What can chest pain, ache, or tightness Potential heart or lung issues. be a sign of? What is a common symptom associated Coughing. with respiratory issues? What is indicated by the symptom of Possible respiratory or cardiovascular problems. fatigue? What does fast breathing suggest? Underlying respiratory distress or anxiety. What can a fast heartbeat be a sign of? Cardiovascular or respiratory issues. What is the significance of shortness of It can indicate various respiratory conditions or heart problems. breath? What are some causes and risk factors for Lung disease, injury, mechanical ventilation, air blisters. pneumothorax? What can cause a spontaneous Lung disease and air blisters. pneumothorax? How can mechanical ventilation contribute It is a risk factor for pneumothorax. to pneumothorax? What are the different types of diagnostic Physical exam, X-rays, CT scan, Arterial blood gases, EKG. evaluations? What are the management options for Observation, needle aspiration or chest tube insertion, autologous blood patch, surgery or pleurodesis. pneumothorax? What is the medical condition Pulmonary edema. characterized by fluid accumulation in the lungs? What is the prolonged requirement of O2 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). in patients treated for RD's known as? What is the study of the nature of human Pathophysiology. diseases? What are crepitant rales? The sound of rubbing the hairs in between. What is a common sign of emphysema Barrel chest appearance. progression? What is a symptom of diminished breath Retraction persists. sounds? What is the nursing management for a Monitoring for respiratory distress, administering oxygen, and assisting with chest tube insertion. patient with a pneumothorax? What are the signs of bronchitis that a Cough, sputum production, and chest discomfort. nurse should monitor for? What is the full form of CFTR in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator. context of causes/risk factors? At what age is the condition usually Before age 6 months but severity varies and may present later. present? What are the respiratory symptoms Chronic cough and wheezing. associated with the condition? What is a common indication of the Salty taste. condition when the skin is kissed? What are some gastrointestinal symptoms Frequent, bulky, and foul smelling stools (steatorrhea), excessive flatus, pancreatitis, and obstructive of the condition? jaundice may occur. Question Answer What physical signs may be observed in a Protuberant abdomen, pot belly, wasted buttocks, clubbing of fingers in older child, increased child with this condition? anteroposterior chest diameter (barrel chest). What are some other symptoms Recurrent pulmonary infections, failure to gain weight or grow, bleeding disorders, decreased exertional associated with the condition? endurance, hyperglycemia, glucosuria with polyuria, weight loss, and sterility in males. What does the sweat chloride test Sodium and chloride level in sweat. measure? At what chloride level is the sweat chloride More than 60 mEq/L. test virtually diagnostic for cystic fibrosis? What does a low trypsin concentration in It is virtually diagnostic for cystic fibrosis. duodenal secretions indicate? What is the purpose of stool analysis in To measure reduced trypsin and chymotrypsin levels, and increased stool fat concentration. cystic fibrosis screening? What is the BMC meconium strip test Screening stool for lactose and protein content. used for? What may a chest X-ray show in later Increased areas of infection, overinflation, bronchial thickening and plugging, atelectasis, and fibrosis. stages of the disease? What do pulmonary function studies show Decreased vital capacity and flow rates, and increased residual volume or increased total lung capacity. after the age of 4? How is the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis When a positive sweat test is seen in conjunction with one or more of the following: positive family made? history of cystic fibrosis, typical chronic obstructive lung disease, documented exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. What may be done for affected families in Genetic screening. terms of diagnosis? What is the primary nursing diagnosis for Ineffective airway clearance. a patient with excess tenacious mucus? What is the purpose of antibiotics in lung To prevent and treat lung and sinus infections. problem treatment? What type of medicines are used in lung Inhaled medicines. problem treatment? What is the purpose of DNAse enzyme To aid in the management of lung problems. replacement therapy in lung problem treatment? What vaccines are recommended for lung Flu vaccine and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV). problem prevention? What is the last resort treatment for Lung transplant. severe lung problems? What therapy is used to support patients Oxygen therapy. with severe lung problems? What type of diet is recommended for High in protein and calories. bowel and nutritional problems? What supplements are used for the Pancreatic enzymes and vitamin supplements. treatment of bowel and nutritional problems? What are the options for antimicrobial Gentamicin or tobramycin. therapy in lung disease? What is Pulmozyme? Recombinant human DNase (an enzyme). What are the recommended supplements Pancreatic enzyme supplements. for each feeding in lung disease? What type of therapy is used for severe Antimicrobial therapy. lung disease or colonization of Question Answer organisms? What type of therapy is used for gene Pharmacologic intervention. therapy in lung disease? How often should weight be monitored to At least weekly. assess the effectiveness of nutritional interventions? What should be monitored to evaluate the Respiratory status and sputum production. response to respiratory care measures? How many times per day should Three to four times per day. intermittent aerosol therapy be employed when the child is symptomatic? How often should chest physical therapy Three to four times per day. be performed after aerosol therapy? What should be done to help the child Help the child to relax. cough more easily after postural drainage? What nursing intervention is Suction when necessary. recommended for infants or young children who are unable to cough? How can breathing exercises be taught to Using pursed lips. a child to increase the duration of exhalation? What care should be provided to prevent Good skin care and position changes. skin breakdown in a malnourished child? Why is frequent mouth care To reduce chances of infection. recommended for a child with mucus present? What is advised regarding contact with Restrict contact. people with respiratory infection? What type of diet is encouraged for a Foods high in calories and protein, and moderate to high in fat. malnourished child? What nursing interventions can be taken Administer fat-soluble vitamins as prescribed. to counteract malabsorption? When should salt intake be increased to During hot weather, fever, or excessive exercise. prevent sodium depletion and cardiovascular compromise? How can vomiting be prevented in Allow ample time for feeding. patients not feeling well and coughing? What is encouraged to improve pulmonary Regular exercise and activity. function and foster a sense of accomplishment and independence? What opportunities should be provided to Opportunities to learn all aspects of care for the child. parents in nursing interventions for a child? What should be taught to parents about in Dietary regimen and special need for calories, fat, and vitamins. nursing interventions for a child? When should salt replacement be Especially on hot summer days or when fever, vomiting, and diarrhea occur. discussed in nursing interventions for a child?