National Building Code PDF

National Building Code Engr. Jean A. Marasigan Lecturer  RULE IV - TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION SECTION 401. Types of Construction Type I - shall be of wood construction. The structural elements may be any of the materials permitted by the Code. Type II - shall be of woo...

National Building Code Engr. Jean A. Marasigan Lecturer  RULE IV - TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION SECTION 401. Types of Construction Type I - shall be of wood construction. The structural elements may be any of the materials permitted by the Code. Type II - shall be of wood construction with protective fire- resistant materials and one-hour fire resistive throughout, except, that permanent non-bearing partitions may use fire- retardant treated wood within the framing assembly with one-hour resistivity. Type III - shall be of masonry and wood construction. Structural elements may be any of the materials permitted by the Code provided, that the building shall be one-hour fire-resistive throughout. Exterior walls shall be of incombustible fire- resistive construction. Type IV - shall be steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction and walls, ceiling and permanent partitions shall be of incombustible fire-resistive construction, except, that permanent non-bearing partitions of one-hour fire-resistive construction may use fire-retardant treated wood within the framing assembly. Type V - shall be four-hour fire-resistive throughout and the structural elements shall be of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction. SECTION 402. Changes in Types No change shall be made in the type of construction of any building which would place the building in a different sub- type or type of construction unless such building is made to comply with the requirements for such sub- type of construction: Except, when the changes is approved by the Building Official upon showing that the new or proposed construction is less hazardous, based on life and fire risk, than the existing construction. SECTION 403. Requirements on Type of Construction ❖ Fire Resistive Requirements a. Exterior bearing and non-bearing walls of Types II and III Constructions shall have one hour fire-resistive rating, while those of Types IV and V shall have four-hour fire-resistive rating. b. Interior bearing walls, permanent partitions, floors, and roofs of Types II, III and IV Construction shall have one-hour fire- resistive rating while those of Type V shall have threehour fire- resistive rating for bearing walls and one-hour fire-resistive rating for vertical openings, floors and roofs. c. Structural frames of Types II and III Construction shall have one-hour fire-resistive rating, while those of Type IV shall have two-hour fire-resistive rating and those of Type V shall have three hour fire-resistive rating. d. Exterior doors and windows shall have one hour fire-resistive rating for all Types. ❖Interior Wall and Ceiling Finishes a. Finishes for interior walls and ceilings of any building shall be classified according to their flame-spread characteristic using generally accepted engineering standards. The smoke density shall not be greater than that obtained from burning of untreated wood under similar conditions when tested in accordance with the “Tunnel Test” in the way intended for use. b. Requirements for flame-spread characteristics of finishes shall not apply to frames and trim of doors and windows and to materials which are less than 1.00 millimeter in thickness cemented to the surface of walls or ceilings. c. Materials required to be flame-spread proofed shall be treated with a flame-retardant having a flame-spread of fifty (50) or less as determined by the “Tunnel Test”. 3. Standards for materials use in structural framework, exterior walls and openings, floors, exits, stairs & roofs shall be governed by the pertinent provision of the Fire Code of the Philippines.  RULE V – REQUIREMENTS OF FIRE ZONES SECTION 501. Fire Zones Defined Fire zones are areas within which only certain types of buildings/structures are permitted to be constructed based on their use or occupancy, type of construction, and resistance to fire. SECTION 502. Buildings Located in More Than One Fire Zone A building/structure which is located partly in one (1) fire zone and partly in another shall be considered to be in the more highly restrictive fire zone, when more than one third (1/3) of its total floor area is located in such zone. SECTION 503. Moved Buildings 1. Any building/structure moved within or into any fire zone shall be made to comply with all the requirements for buildings/structures in that fire zone. 2. This shall also apply to pre-engineered or pre- fabricated buildings/structures that may be dismantled and re-assembled. SECTION 504. Temporary Buildings/Structures 1. Temporary buildings such as reviewing stands and other miscellaneous structures conforming to the requirements of the Code, and sheds, canopies and fences used for the protection of the public around and in conjunction with construction work, may be erected in the fire zones by special permit from the Building Official for a limited period of time, and such buildings or structures shall be completely removed upon the expiration of the time limit stated in such permits. 2. Erection of temporary buildings/structures to be located in restrictive and highly restrictive zones and which do not conform with the type of construction allowed or permitted within such zones may be allowed by the Building Official for a given period of time provided that, fire protective/preventive measures and fire suppression facilities are adequate. SECTION 505. Center Lines of Streets The center line of adjoining street or alley may be considered an adjacent property line. Distances shall be measured at right angles to the street or alley. SECTION 506. Restrictions on Existing Buildings 1. Existing buildings or structures in fire zones that do not comply with the requirements for a new building erected therein shall not hereafter be enlarged, altered, remodeled, repaired or moved except as follows: a) Such building is entirely demolished; b) Such building is to be moved outside the limits of the more highly restrictive Fire Zone to a zone where the building meets the minimum standards; c) Changes, alterations and repairs may be made provided that in any 12- month period, the value of the work does not exceed 20% of the value of the existing building, and provided that, such changes do not add additional combustible material, and do not, in the opinion of the Building Official, increase the fire hazard; d) Additions thereto are separated from the existing building by fire walls, as set forth in Section 506 (b); e) Damage from fire or earthquake, typhoons or any fortuitous event may be repaired, using the same kind of materials of which the building or structure was originally constructed, provided that, the cost of such repair shall not exceed 20% of the replacement cost of the building or structure. SECTION 507. Designation of Fire Zones The legislative body of the LGU may enact ordinances for the purpose of designating fire zones based on the parameters and guidelines set forth in this Section. 1. Designation of Fire Zones is purposely for management, prevention, control and suppression of conflagration that may occur in population centers. The designation of fire zones is as follows: a) Non-Fire Restricted Zones: These are areas where siting of buildings/structures are permitted without fire-resistivity measures, often located in the country sides or rural areas where commercial and industrial and other buildings are sparsely constructed, or may be clustered in small groups like farm lands wherein dwellings are built of indigenous materials such as bamboo, sawali, nipa, cogon, palm leaves and wood up to Types I and II Construction as classified in Section 401 of the Code. b) Fire Restrictive Zones: Areas wherein siting of buildings/structures are permitted within prescribed fire-resistivity measures for exterior walls of at least two-hour fire resistivity. Usual locations in suburban areas are permitted to be built with at least one-hour fire-resistivity throughout as Types II, III to IV Constructions as prescribed in Section 401 of the Code. c) Highly Fire Restrictive Zones: Areas wherein highly fire- resistive or non-combustible buildings/structures and/or construction assemblies of no less than three to four-hour fire-resistive construction materials are used throughout, including exterior walls. Only Types IV and V Constructions are permitted in the areas.