Analgesics I PDF

Under Supervision of: Media sponsor: Analgesics I Presented by: Said Ali S. Faroq Prepared by: Shara Jamsheer Supervised by: Dr. Suren Azad Analgesics Analgesics are medications specifically designed to relieve pain without ca...

Under Supervision of: Media sponsor: Analgesics I Presented by: Said Ali S. Faroq Prepared by: Shara Jamsheer Supervised by: Dr. Suren Azad Analgesics Analgesics are medications specifically designed to relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness. They work by various mechanisms to reduce or block the sensation of pain. Classification of analgesics: Non-opioid analgesics. Opioid analgesics. Adjuvant analgesics. Non-opioid analgesics Non-opioid analgesics encompass the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen (paracetamol). NSAIDs: NSAIDs are a class of medications used to treat pain, fever, and other inflammatory processes. Classification: Non-selective COX inhibitors: Aspirin, Diclofenac, Etodolac, Flurbiprofen, Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Ketoprofen, Ketorolac, Mefenamic acid, Meloxicam, Naproxen. Selective COX-2 inhibitors: Celecoxib, Etoricoxib. NSAIDs Mechanism of action: NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting the activity of COX enzymes 1 and 2 non-selectively, resulting in decreased formation of prostaglandin precursors associated with inflammation and pain. NSAIDs Indications: Muscle pain, dysmenorrhea, arthritic conditions, pyrexia, gout, migraines. Adverse effects: GI ulcers Peripheral edema Myocardial infarction GI bleeding Bronchoconstriction NSAIDs Contraindications: NSAID hypersensitivity, urticaria, asthma, coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), During the third trimester of pregnancy. Drug-Drug interactions: NSAIDs + ACE inhibitors and ARBs NSAIDs + Anticoagulants NSAIDs + Corticosteroids Acetaminophen Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is an OTC drug that is used as an analgesic and an antipyretic. Mechanism of action: Acetaminophen's exact mechanism of action has not been fully established, despite this, it is often categorized alongside NSAIDs due to its ability to inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways. Indications: Mild to moderate headache, Migraine, Backache, Rheumatic and muscle pain, Mild arthritis/osteoarthritis, Toothache, Dysmenorrhea, Colds and flu symptoms, Post-operative pain, Fever. Acetaminophen Adverse effects: Hypersensitivity Hepatotoxicity Contraindications: Severe hepatic impairment, hypersensitivity. Drug-Drug interactions: Acetaminophen + Carbamazepine Acetaminophen + Isoniazid Acetaminophen + Warfarin References Michael A. Manca o I Jason C. Gallagher. Frequently prescribed medication. Third edition. Lippincott illustrated review pharmacology, by Karen Whalen (2019), 7th edition. Ayesh, L.A.alrahman (2019) STEP UP PHARMACY. 1st edition. Amman: Lina Ayesh.  Thank you for listening!