TMHM 005: Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality PDF

TMHM 005: MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM MR. EZEKIEL JANSSEN D. PERNIA 1ST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2023 - 2024 | MIDTERMS 1.1: TRAVEL AND TOURISM AS AN...

TMHM 005: MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM MR. EZEKIEL JANSSEN D. PERNIA 1ST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2023 - 2024 | MIDTERMS 1.1: TRAVEL AND TOURISM AS AN The presence of attractions leads to INTEGRATED DISCIPLINE business opportunities, which, in turn, create employment opportunities and DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS income. Local Government Unit (LGU): A local Marketing government agency's primary role is to identify Encompasses all aspects of marketing, community needs and respond to requests for particularly the 4Ps: services or improvements. ◆ P [Product] TOURISM AS AN INTEGRATED DISCIPLINE ◆ P [Price] Society: Tourism affects the all aspect of it. ◆ P [Promotion]: Involves Geography communication with the product. The study of the relationship between Advertisement: Utilizes well- people and their environment. known personalities to convey Examines how different cultures shape product messages; this is a part and are shaped by their geographical of promotion but not surroundings. synonymous. Understanding geography often begins ◆ P [Place Distribution]: Concerns the with individual preferences. flow of goods from producer to Philippine Geographical Advantages consumer. ◆ The Philippines is an island nation. Costumer: The one who ◆ Separated by bodies of water, making it acquires or purchases the less accessible to neighboring countries. product. Economy Consumer: The one who uses Tourism plays a significant role in the the product. economy. Law Tourism is considered one of the most Certain laws and regulations, such as the sustainable industries in various aspects. Tourism Act of 2009, are in place to regulate History practices in the tourism industry, facilitating Tourism is intertwined with historical the flow of tourists in a country. narratives. This is a mandatory component, not Elderly individuals often find entertainment and optional. knowledge through books. INTEGRATED DISCIPLINARY MODEL OF Geopolitics connects history and TOURISM STUDIES AND ITS COMPONENTS geography. ◆ Spain: The world's first superpower. ◆ American: Enhanced education quality and promoted the use of the English language in the Philippines. ◆ Mandarin: The largest and most proficient language to study. ◆ China: The world's largest country (population). Psychology Relaxes the mind by considering preferences. Tourism can be a stress-relief activity. Contributes to mental well-being by promoting stability. Business of Tourism: Requires expertise in Involves various activities. business management and related aspects such as Business economics and accounting. The tourism industry creates Economics and Accounting: Essential for numerous business opportunities. analyzing the costs, benefits, impacts, and market trends in the tourism industry. Annotated By: Abales, David Eli PAGE 1  TMHM 005: MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM MR. EZEKIEL JANSSEN D. PERNIA 1ST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2023 - 2024 | MIDTERMS Religious Studies : Part of cultural tourism, Generally considered a nonessential activity. focusing on interactions between tourists and host Tourism cultures, as well as the preservation, promotion, An activity related to objectives that provide and consumption of cultural heritage and diversity. pleasure. Global Distribution System (GDS) Begins at the individual level. An automated system that enables travel agents and consumers to access information 1.2: INTEGRATED MODEL OF TOURISM and book travel services from various suppliers. Proficiency in information technology is essential for efficient use. History: Examines the development of the tourism industry. Tourist Behaviors: Studies how tourists flow, considering their characteristics, motivations, preferences, expectations, satisfaction, loyalty, and decision-making processes. SOCIO-CULTUAL SUPERSYSTEM AND ITS COMPONENTS Socio-Cultural Supersysrtem: The fundamental DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS concept underlying tourism development. Tourist: They drive the industry's demand. The Components of Socio-Cultural THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Supersystem UMBRELLA Demand: Tourism services' demand increases with attractions, depending on tourism preferences. Hosting Community: The destination itself, showcases local culture, also known as the community's branding. Attractions: Enhanced through place development, including landscaping. Equipment and Facilities: Some publicly owned attractions may require environmental fees for maintenance and development. Infrastructure Development: Ground-level and basic development providing tourists with easy access to the destination. Supersystem: Above ground-level infrastructures, such as airports and terminals. Tourism and Hospitality: These industries are DIFFERENCE OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM interdependent and cannot function in isolation. Travel Hospitality: The manner in which tourists are Movement from one place to another. received and served. May be challenging in the Philippines due to a Industries under Tourism and Hospitality centralized system of goods importation. Umbrella Annotated By: Abales, David Eli PAGE 2  TMHM 005: MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM MR. EZEKIEL JANSSEN D. PERNIA 1ST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2023 - 2024 | MIDTERMS Travel: Includes transportation modes and encourage tourism through investments in travel options that enable tourists to move and infrastructure, visa application openness, and explore. favorable foreign tourism investments. Lodging: Offers temporary accommodation, Economic Factors: Favorable economic catering to various budgets and comfort conditions generally lead to increased travel preferences. spending. However, people's intention to travel is Assembly and Event Management: Aims to not significantly affected by the global economic achieve specific goals like networking, environment. education, or business transactions. Cultural and Environmental Factors: Growing Restaurants and Management Services: environmental awareness has influenced the Provides dining experiences, managing food development of travel and tourism, leading to the and beverages to enhance customer emergence of eco-tourism, green hotels, and satisfaction. heritage site conservation, which form the basis for Recreations: Offers leisure and entertainment sustainable tourism. experiences, focusing on enjoyment and Technological Factors: The travel and tourism amusement for diverse audiences during their industry has always been at the forefront of travels. adopting technological innovations. This includes the use of Computerized Reservation Systems KEY ELEMENTS IN THE INTEGRATED MODEL OF TOURISM (CRS) and sophisticated databases for marketing Travelers: Central to the model, initiating demand and promotion by travel agencies. in the tourism industry. 17 UNITED NATIONS WORLD TOURISM Tourism Promoters: Responsible for ORGANIZATION (UNWTO) SUSTAINABLE communicating destinations or attractions to the DEVELOPMENT GOALS public. 1. No Poverty Tourism Service Providers: Entities offering 2. Zero Hunger services to tourists, including hotels, airlines, etc. 3. Good Health and Well-Being External Environment: Uncontrollable factors in 4. Quality Education the industry that must be considered for 5. Gender Equality adaptation. 6. Clean Water and Sanitation Different Forces of External Environment 7. Affordable and Clean Energy ◆ Political: Political stability and policies 8. Decent Work and Economic Growth can impact the industry. 9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure ◆ Economical: Encompasses 10. Reduced Inequalities opportunities, demands, inflation rates, 11. Sustainable Cities and Communities and poverty rates. 12. Responsible Consumption and Production ◆ Social: Relates to a country's cultural 13. Climate Action products and what is being showcased. 14. Life below Water ◆ Technological: Technological 15. Life on Land advancements can benefit the industry 16. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions through transaction practices and 17. Partnerships for the Goals marketing promotions. ◆ Environmental: Pertains to environmental 1.3: HISTORY OF TOURISM phenomena, including natural disasters. Tourism doesn't originate as a distinct industry but ◆ Legal: Involves laws and regulations begins with the act of traveling. designed to protect both locals and Tourism encompasses the concept of traveling. tourists in specific locations. FACTORS THAT ENCOURAGE/PROHIBIT THE ANCIENT PERIOD (27 B.C. - 476 A.D.) DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM Roman Empire Social Factors: Changes in demographics and One of the greatest empires in world history. social trends greatly impact the type of travel and Built an extensive stone road system to tourism products and services demanded by the enhance travel infrastructure. public. Wealthy Romans traveled to seaside resorts in Political Factors: Political stability is a fundamental Greece and Egypt for sightseeing purposes. driver for tourism development. Government Ancient Greece (776 B.C.) policies play a vital role, especially those that Annotated By: Abales, David Eli PAGE 3  TMHM 005: MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM MR. EZEKIEL JANSSEN D. PERNIA 1ST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2023 - 2024 | MIDTERMS Hosted the first-ever Olympics, known as Landlords: Managed the land and collected "Olympia," with representation from various taxes from peasants. provinces within the empire. Jews: People in Israel who practiced Judaism, Ancient China believed that the world's savior was yet to be born. Established the Silk Road, connecting Asia, England specifically China, to Europe. Concept of pilgrimage: The act of traveling Silk Road: Originated from the story of with a religious purpose, particularly to pray Empress Xi Ling Shi, who discovered silk and make sacrifices. accidentally when a silk cocoon fell into her Canterbury: A church that people aspired to tea. It unraveled into a shiny and slippery visit as part of their pilgrimage. texture, inspiring textile creation. The Canterbury Tales: A collection of stories Porcelain: Found in this empire, it served as a compiled by Geoffrey Chaucer, featuring tales symbol of wealth. told by travelers during their pilgrimage to the Travel developed for various purposes: church in Canterbury, England. Military Growth in Travel for Religious Reasons Trade Pilgrims visited their "holy land." Political reasons Travel to holy sites such as Muslims to Mecca Communication of messages from the central and Christians to Jerusalem and Rome. government to distant territories. 16TH CENTURY For artisans and architects Growth in England's trade and commerce. MEDIEVAL PERIOD (500 A.D. - 1,400 A.D.) Rise of a new type of tourist. Also known as the Middle Ages. Travel for the purpose of broadening one's Sometimes referred to as the Dark Age due to the experience and knowledge. fall of the Roman Empire. Renaissance: A period characterized by significant Roman Empire cultural and traditional transformation, often Divided into two divisions: West and East. referred to as a cultural rebirth. ◆ Western part with its capital in Rome Medici: A renowned family known for initiating adopted Roman Catholicism. cultural changes, originating in Florence, Italy. ◆ Eastern part followed Orthodox Catherine de' Medici: Provided funding to Italian Christianity. artists to create works of art that represented their ◆ The Great Schism: Refers to the division new culture, including artists like Leonardo Da of the Roman Empire into Eastern and Vinci. Western parts, resulting from differences Leonardo da Vinci: An Italian painter who in religious beliefs. created the Mona Lisa, one of the most Muslims famous paintings. Traveled to spread their religious influence and The Louvre Museum: A museum or gallery conquered Turkey. where the Mona Lisa is housed, and it is the Constantinople most visited museum. Capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, Galileo Galilei conquered by Islamic peoples and renamed An Italian astronomer opposed the church's Istanbul. belief that the Earth was the center of the Home to the Minaret, the former church Hagia universe, suggesting instead that the sun was Sophia (renamed by Islamic people), and the at the center. Blue Mosque. The church's opposition led to the formation Influence of the Church and Religion of a group with similar ideas, known as the The Pope initiated the "Crusades," a series of "Illuminati" or "Enlightenment." expeditions to reclaim the Holy Land. Credited with inventing the telescope. Catholics fought in the Crusades in the name Sea Travel: The concept of sea travel began to of the cross, leading to the term "Crusades." emerge, and the use of boats became more Knights: The soldiers sent by the pope for the widespread. crusade. Portugal Land Management Systems Prince Henry, the Navigator: Provided Peasants: Responsible for land management, funding for proposed expeditions and such as farming, and paying taxes. supported the invention of the astrolabe and compass, aiding travelers in their journeys. Annotated By: Abales, David Eli PAGE 4  TMHM 005: MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM MR. EZEKIEL JANSSEN D. PERNIA 1ST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2023 - 2024 | MIDTERMS The first country to pioneer sea exploration One of the world's oldest and longest-running and successfully reached India in response to train systems. the Islamic people's closure of the land route Originated in Europe, with a route from to Istanbul for Europeans. Istanbul, Turkey, to France. Established trading posts and canals and 19TH TO 20TH CENTURY created maps during that period. Impact on Tourism: Significant influence of social Venice: The only country through which Islamic and technological changes. people could enter Istanbul or Israel and access Transportation: Invention of railways in the 19th the Silk Road for trading, leading to a market century and passenger aircraft in the 20th century. monopoly. World War II: Improved communication and air Spain transportation. Assisted Ferdinand Magellan's expedition 1980s through the West Route (Pacific Ocean) to the Boom years for the tourism industry. East part of the world, after the king of Expansion of business and leisure travel. Portugal rejected the proposal. Diverse tourism products and destinations. Referred to Americans as native Indians upon Fall of the Berlin Wall, opening up new their arrival, mistakenly thinking they had destinations. reached India. 1990s Christopher Columbus: An Italian navigator, High operational costs for the aviation discovered the New World of America, proving industry. that the world is not flat and there were no Introduction of electronic tickets. monsters under the water. Advancements in technology for internet and Limasawa: The place where the first mass kiosk-based bookings. was held during this expedition. Titanic: Emphasized safety policies in sea travel. Homonhon Island: The island where World War I (1912-1940s): Aircraft development, Ferdinand Magellan landed. including commercial and fighter planes. 17TH CENTURY World War II (1939-1945) British aristocrats' children traveled across Europe Golden era of aircraft development, for educational purposes, a practice known as the particularly in the USSR. Grand Tour. Development of atomic bombs. The Grand Tour was crucial for training future ◆ The first bomb, named "Little Boy," was leaders. dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, from an This century marked the beginning of the modern aircraft called Enola Gay. era and witnessed significant intellectual ◆ The second bomb, named "Fat Man," developments. was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, from It preceded World War I and World War II. an aircraft called Bockscar. Queen Elizabeth I Japan's Aggression: Japan's expansion in the Queen Elizabeth I introduced the Grand Tour, Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. emphasizing the study of music, art, dance, Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941): Japanese cuisine, and the environment during European attack on Pearl Harbor. travel. Atomic Bombs (1945): The US dropped atomic The Grand Tour became a fundamental part of bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. training future administrators and leaders. 1980s to 1990s Public accessibility to computers and the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1750 to 1850) emergence of the internet. Period from about 1750 to 1850 in Europe. Technological developments in tourism Transition from agrarian to urban industrial society. accommodations and reservations. Growth of the middle class, increased leisure time, and demand for holiday tourism. Emergence of spa towns and seaside resorts. Women Empowerment: Start of women gaining their rights during the Industrial Revolution. Ships: Transition from wooden to iron ships in this era. Factories: Proliferation of factories across Europe. Orient Express Annotated By: Abales, David Eli PAGE 5