Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry I Lecture Notes PDF

By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 1 Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry I By Dr. Abobakr Abdel Wahab Lecturer of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry First year- 1st Semester, General Program By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 2 ...

By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 1 Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry I By Dr. Abobakr Abdel Wahab Lecturer of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry First year- 1st Semester, General Program By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 2  ‫د‪.‬مصطفي محمود‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ظ‬‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا مت الاهداف‪..‬ال ط يرق‬ ‫‪By @bobakr @bdel Wahab‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ Learning Outcomes: Analytical Chemistry Students understand different types of anions. Students understand various tests to identify the anion present in a given salt. By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 4 Learning Outcomes: Students understand the chemical reactions and their balanced equations that takes place during each test. Students acquire the skill to perform the experiment in the real lab once they understand different steps in the procedure. By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 5 What is Analytical Chemistry ? Analytical Chemistry Analytical chemistry Qualitative Analysis Quantitative analysis By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 7  Ions Ions Anions Cations The negative fragment of the salt The positive fragment of the salt Acid radical Basic radical By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 8 By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 9 Ions By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 10 Anions By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 11 By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 12 Anions Anions are a negatively charged ion which means they have gained one or more electrons. By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 13 Classification of anions By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 14 Classification of anions  All anions come from acids (Acid radical) By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 15 Classification of anions 1. Dil. HCl group 3. Miscellaneous group By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 16 Types of reactions involved in anions Dry reactions Wet reactions Treatment of dry salt Depend upon the with heat or acid & reaction of salt in identification of the solutions products. By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 17 By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 18 By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 19  ‫ بل كل ما في‬،‫ليست الفكرة في أني فائق الذكاء‬ ! ‫األمر أني أقضي وقتًا أطول في حل المعادالت‬ “It is not that I'm so smart. But I stay with the questions much longer.” ― Albert Einstein By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 20   Dry reaction: Any strong acid than carbonic acid can displace it from its salts Acetic acid can displace carbonic acid from its salt, while the weak boric acid can not. Action of dilute HCl: Upon adding dil. HCl to solid carbonate or bicarbonates, strong effervescence and evolution of colorless carbon dioxide gas is obtained By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 21  Dry reaction: Carbon dioxide can be identified by rendering lime water turbid if passed for a short time. Prolonged passage of Carbon dioxide, turbidity disappears, owing to formation of soluble bicarbonate By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 22 N.B Magnesite Siderite By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 23  Wet reactions: 1. Action of barium chloride , calcium chloride or magnesium sulphate 2. Action of silver nitrate 3. Action of mercuric chloride By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 24   Wet reactions: 1. Action of barium chloride , calcium chloride or magnesium sulphate I. Carbonates: By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 25   Wet reactions: 1. Action of barium chloride , calcium chloride or magnesium sulphate II. Bicarbonates: By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 26  Wet reactions: 2. Action of silver nitrate By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 27   Wet reactions: 2. Action of silver nitrate By adding ammonia no ppt is formed but soluble silver ammine complex is obtained By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 28   Wet reactions: 3. Action of mercuric chloride I. Carbonates II. Bicarbonates Reddish brown ppt of basic mercury (II) No ppt is formed carbonate is formed By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 29 Analysis of mixture containing Carbonates & bicarbonates Filterate By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 30 By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 31 Practical: Results Test Observation Conclusion By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 32 Practical: Carbonates & Bicarbonates Test The same as carbonates No reaction By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 33 By @bobakr @bdel Wahab 34