1st Day Reviewer - 2nd QT PDF

READING AND WRITING Capitalization The use of upper - case letters to signal to the reader Properties of a Well-written text which words are important or need to be Text Organizati...

READING AND WRITING Capitalization The use of upper - case letters to signal to the reader Properties of a Well-written text which words are important or need to be Text Organization emphasized in the sentence. deals with how a text is organized to help readers follow and understand the flow of Punctuation Marks information and ideas cascaded. Are symbols used to separate sentences and parts of sentences to make their intended meaning clear Elements of an organized text to the reader. Thesis/Main Idea – serves as the central argument of the whole discussion. Commas (,) are used to separate and link parts of a Thesis statement/Topic sentence – thesis is sentence items in a list. clearly expressed. Periods or full stop (.) are used to signal the end of Supporting details – the statements that explain a declarative sentence and indicate abbreviations of and further expand the main idea. a certain words. Colons (;) are used to indicate the start of a list of Types of Text Organization items or a quote, as well as to indicate a heading and Physical Format - It is how the text physically its descriptive title. appears. Apostrophes (') are used to indicate ownership in Signal Words - The cue in the ordering of events possessive nouns, and to indicate where a letter is and concepts. omitted. Structure - The complete framework of the text. Question Marks (?) are used to indicate that the sentence is a question. Cohesion The logical flow and connection in a written text and Claims of Fact, Value, and Policy is achieved through the use of devices to link Claim sentences together. a statement that an author discusses, explains, or proves in his or her writing Coherence Fact The unity or togetherness of the text as a whole and affirms or asserts whether a statement is true is achieved through the effective grouping and or untrue arrangement of ideas in a logical order. Kinds of Facts Chronological order Empirical Facts It relates a sequence of events as they happen one Can be proven by observation after the other. Analytical facts true by definition or logic Spatial order Evaluative Facts It is the arranged details or characteristics according Supported by laws, local and international, to how one is related to another in a physical space. and ideally give order Metaphysical facts Order of Importance Verified by revelatory evidence or self- It is the arranged details from the least important to evidence. the most important ideas, or vice versa. Supported by laws, local and international, and ideally give order Appropriate Language Value It refers to diction, which is proper word choice. evaluates, appraises, or judges an idea Policy Mechanics A statement proposing an action that should The established conversations that govern the be undertaken as a solution to a particular technical aspects of writing that need to be followed. problem Spelling Explicit Claims The correct arrangement of individual letters to form Statements that are directly stated works together. Implicit Claims Statements that are suggested but not directly stated HUM 1 Promotion Bias The Hidden Figures Decisions about hiring, performance evaluations, The story of the "Hidden Figures" shines a light on and advancement favoring white employees. the extraordinary contributions of three pioneering African American women - Katherine Johnson, Imposter Syndrome Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson - who played Feelings of self-doubt and inadequacy despite pivotal roles in the early days of the U.S. space demonstrated competence, exacerbated by program, despite facing pervasive racial and gender discrimination. discrimination. Emotional Toll Johnson Katherine The constant stress and frustration of navigating A gifted mathematician whose calculations were biased systems takes a significant mental and critical to the success of numerous space missions, physical toll. including the historic Apollo 11 moon landing. Dorothy Vaughan Inclusive Hiring A pioneering computer programmer who became the Actively recruiting and considering candidates from first African American manager at the National underrepresented backgrounds. Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). Mary Jackson Bias Training The first African American female engineer at NASA, Educating employees on recognizing and mitigating overcoming countless barriers to achieve her dream unconscious biases. of working in the aerospace industry. Mentorship Programs The Challenges They Faced as Women of Color Providing support and guidance to help marginalized in STEM employees advance their careers. Racism Constant discrimination and segregation in the The Lasting Legacy of the Hidden Figures workplace, being relegated to separate "colored" Space Exploration facilities and excluded from certain meetings and Their groundbreaking work laid the foundation for opportunities. America's success in the space race. Sexism Facing dismissive attitudes, limited advancement Inspiring Change prospects, and the expectation to perform secretarial Their story has inspired a renewed commitment to duties rather than technical work. diversity and inclusion in STEM fields. Isolation Feeling isolated and unsupported as the only women Empowerment of color in their highly male-dominated fields. Their perseverance and achievements serve as a powerful example for future generations. The Importance of Diversity and Inclusion in the Workplace Conclusion: Lessons Learned and Moving Diverse Perspectives Forward Embracing different backgrounds, experiences, and Acknowledge the Past ways of thinking leads to more innovative solutions. We must confront the often overlooked contributions Inclusive Culture and challenges faced by marginalized groups in Creating an environment where all employees feel STEM. valued, respected, and empowered to contribute. Representational Impact Commit to Change Seeing people of diverse identities succeed in STEM Sustained effort is required to address systemic fields inspires the next generation. barriers and create truly equitable opportunities. The Impact of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Inspire the Future on Career Advancement By celebrating the Hidden Figures, we can empower Microaggressions the next generation of diverse STEM leaders. Subtle, often unconscious, comments behaviors that marginalize pandeople of color. Reading Lens: Language Approach Diction The language approach to reading involves closely Examine the level of formality, complexity, and examining the author's use of words, phrases, and precision in the author's word choice. literary devices to gain deeper insight into the text. Voice Consider the unique perspective and personality Defining the Language Approach expressed through the author's language. Vocabulary Analysis Scrutinize the author's word choice and how it Evaluating Rhetorical Devices shapes meaning and tone. Metaphor Examine how figurative language is used to draw Syntax Examination comparisons and create vivid imagery. Study the structure of sentences and how they convey the writer's style. Alliteration Identify the strategic repetition of initial sounds to Rhetorical Techniques create a rhythmic, poetic effect. Identify the literary devices used to persuade, evoke emotions, or create imagery. Paradox Explore paradoxical statements that seem The Role of Context contradictory but hold deeper truths. Historical Context Understand the social, cultural, and politic Interpreting Figurative Language Appreciation of Craft Metaphors al landscape in which the text was written. Identify comparisons that go beyond literal meanings to reveal deeper insights. Biographical Context Explore the author's life experiences and how they Similes shaped their linguistic choices. Analyze explicit comparisons using "like" or "as" to uncover symbolic associations. Literary Context Analyze the work's place within the broader genre, Symbolism movement, or tradition. Explore how objects, characters, or actions represent larger, abstract ideas. Analyzing Language Patterns Repetition Conclusion and Key Takeaways Identify recurring words, phrases, or sentence Depth of Understanding structures and explore their significance. The language approach allows for a deep, nuanced analysis that goes beyond surface-level Imagery comprehension. Examine the author's use of vivid descriptors to create mental pictures for the reader. Appreciation of Craft Examining an author's linguistic choices cultivates a Symbolism greater appreciation for their craft. Uncover the deeper meanings conveyed through the symbolic use of language. Expanded Perspectives Considering context and interpretation uncovers Identifying Tone and Style new layers of meaning and significance. Tone Analyze the author's emotional attitude, whether it is Translation Studies formal, casual, or somewhere in between. Translation is when we go from one language to another in writing. Syntax Interpreting is going from one language to another Explore the sentence structure and how it in speech contributes to the overall style. Translation is written interpreting is spoken. Source text is the original text that you're going to translate from. The source language is the language of the original Equivalence is Important in Translation text or the source text so these are often abbreviated 1.Cognitive Equivalence as ST (source text) and SL (source language). they are equivalent in contmeansent. The idea is that the content of the target text should be the same or The source language is English: the source text is correspond to the content of the source text. In in English source [language is English] translation the source language needs to be communicated in the same content and message. The flip side of that is the target text and the target language. 2.Formal Equivalence Means that the forms and structures of the language The target text is the document that the or the language of the target text matches that of the translator produces, or the product. source text. If the words are put side by side, they would look very similar. On the surface, they would While the target language (TL) is the language of have formal or structural equivalence. It is ideal to the target text (TT). attain. Using the same source text, the target text would 3.Dynamic equivalence be another term or concept. Is the idea that the reader experience of the target text should be the same as the reader experience of Genre and genre conventions - types or the source text in other words the target text should categories of texts or films or songs but in translation have the equivalent effect. class they are types of texts, a kind of text. Product of Language Genres have conventions or rules that texts must Register – the degree of formality; adhere to. The language is always used in a certain Tone – the attitude the language used that conveys way the images are always used. a topic; Style – particular way in which a text, author, or Adhere to the conventions of that genre or it doesn't speaker uses the language. belong to that genre. Genre is a key concept. Descriptions of translation Three basic language functions Literal Translations mean that the translator was This was introduced by a language theorist named faithful to the source text and tried to reproduce it as Carl Buehler back in the early 20th century and he closely as possible in this in the target language. said that all language use can boil down to three primary or basic language functions. Free translation means that the translator focused on expressing the message in the source text in a Anytime language is used, one of the three ways way that would be natural sounding to target used may be the three basic functions language readers. This can often mean taking lots of liberties with the target language itself, the target Informative Function is when we use language to text. In this sense, the naturalness of content over provide information to present facts form, the liberty with the source text and source language has been used in translation targeting Vocative Or Appellative or Persuasive Function language readers. is when we're using language to influence the reader's behavior to make a request to try to Translation unit or segment is just that part of a convince the reader to do something think about an text that the translator focuses on when he or she is advertisement or maybe a warning label or performing a translation procedure and this unit size something like that and finally can vary. The individual word can be a short phrase, (literal translation) it could be a thought or an idea or Expressive Function is to use language to express a whole sentence or a whole paragraph (free experiences emotions our attitude right what's inside translation). The translator looks at what the text the person’s thoughts and emotions. It is also called expresses then paraphrase it immediately as an the artistic function (a personal, letter or a poem or a extreme free approach. song lyric). Pandemic Literature Adapting to a Virtual World Has emerged as a powerful medium to capture the Videoconferencing profound human experience of living through Pandemic literature reflects the pivotal role of virtual unprecedented global events. These works offer a communication tools in maintaining social unique window into the emotional, social, and connections and adapting to remote work and psychological impacts of the COVID-19 crisis. learning. The Rise of Dystopian Narratives Social Media Exploring a Cautionary Tale These works explore how social media platforms Pandemic-inspired dystopian fiction explores how became vital channels for information-sharing, society might crumble under the weight of isolation, community-building, and emotional support during fear, and government control. isolation. Parallels to Reality E - commerce These narratives draw unsettling parallels to the Pandemic fiction also highlights the surge in online real-life challenges faced during the pandemic, shopping and the transformation of consumer habits offering a lens to critically examine our social as a result of physical distancing measures. structures. Reimagining the Future: Post-Pandemic Visions Themes of Resilience Societal Transformation Despite the bleak settings, dystopian tales often Pandemic literature speculates on how the crisis highlight the human capacity for resilience, might catalyze long-term changes in social adaptation, and the pursuit of hope. structures, governance, and the way we live and work. Exploring Themes of Isolation and Confinement Psychological Impact Technological Advancements Pandemic literature delves into the profound These works envision a future where technological psychological toll of prolonged isolation, exploring innovations, from remote work tools to telehealth, themes of loneliness, anxiety, and the loss of human become more deeply integrated into our daily lives. connection. Sustainability and Resilience Spatial Confinement Pandemic fiction explores how the pandemic might Many works reflect the physical and emotional inspire a greater focus on environmental constraints of living in lockdown, showcasing the sustainability, public health preparedness, and claustrophobic experience of being trapped within community resilience. one's own home. Diverse Perspectives The Emotional Toll Intersectional Narratives Grief and Loss Pandemic literature by authors from marginalized Pandemic literature grapples with the devastating communities offers unique perspectives on how the impact of grief, mourning the loss of loved ones and crisis has disproportionately impacted vulnerable the collective grief experienced by society. populations. Anxiety and Depression Representation and Inclusion These works explore the mental health These works amplify diverse voices, ensuring that challenges exacerbated by the pandemic, such as the pandemic experience is represented across a heightened anxiety, depression, and the erosion of wide spectrum of identities and lived experiences. well-being. How Pandemic Fiction Shapes Society Resilience and Coping Fostering Empathy Amidst the darkness, pandemic fiction also Pandemic literature cultivates empathy by inviting highlights the human capacity for resilience, readers to walk in the shoes of those impacted by showcasing strategies for coping and finding hope in the crisis, promoting greater understanding and the face of adversity. compassion. Inspiring Change Pandemic fiction has the power to influence societal Interpret the meaning of the work by transformation, inspiring readers to reflect on the analyzing: lessons learned and advocate for a more resilient, characters and setting on the basis of their equitable future. similarity to people and places in the author’s life. Sparking Dialogue tone with reference to an author’s social, These works serve as catalysts for important political, and/or religious beliefs. discussions about the social, political, and ethical symbols in the context of contemporary implications of the pandemic, shaping public meanings or allusions. discourse. Preserving History As historical records, pandemic literature will play a crucial role in chronicling this pivotal moment, ensuring that the human experience is not forgotten. Literary Reading through Biographical Context While it is important to know the characters in a literary text, it is also essential for readers to understand the author’s background. Through studying the author, they may be able to connect the characters and their morals to the author’s life and analyze the patterns of behavior shown between and among the characters, the author, and the reader himself. Biographical Context Writers also tend to put a great deal of themselves into their texts. Even if they try to avoid it, their beliefs, education, culture, and experiences usually shine through their words. Knowing something about an author's life and perspective, namely, a work's biographical context, can help readers better understand and interpret a text. Biographical Assumptions: The events and circumstances of an author’s life are often reflected in the literary works s/he creates. The context for a literary work includes information about the author, the historical events that pertain to the author, and paradigm(s) prevalent at the time of writing. Interpretation of the work should be primarily concerned with how the author’s life experiences shape the text in intended and unintended ways. Biographical Strategies: Research the author’s life. Research the author’s historical and literary period, including their intellectual paradigm. Search for meaningful connections between the text and the author’s life, doing additional research as needed.