Saber 11 - Matemáticas - 1ª Sesión PDF

## Saber 11 - Matemáticas - 1ª Sesión ### 1. The figure shows the right triangle EFG. - **EG** - **FG** - **ET** - **FT** ### 2. The autonomy of an electric car refers to the maximum number of kilometers that it can travel, starting with a fully charged battery, until it is discharged. To recharge the battery, you have to go to a station and connect the car to the electrical current, which can be done even if the battery is not fully discharged. Ramiro's car has an autonomy of 140 km and has a charged battery. He wants to go from city M to city P, as shown on the map. - Go directly from city M to city P without going through any charging station. - Go from M to N, then charge at station 2 and go from there to P. - Go from M to the charging station 1, then go to city N and from there to station 2 and then to city P. - Go from M to the charging station 1, then go to city N and from there go to P. ### 3. In Algebra class, the teacher graphed two functions: the linear function y = 5x + 25 and the quadratic function y = 4x2 - 20x + 50. In the graph, he indicated the two points of intersection of the two functions, as shown in the image. Then the teacher asked his students to find the coordinates of the two points of intersection algebraically. To find the two values of *x*, a student used this procedure, but made a mistake: - Step 1. He created the equation 5x + 25 = 4x2 - 20x + 50, equating the equations of the two functions. - Step 2. He grouped the similar terms: 5x + 20x + 25 - 50 = 4x2 - Step 3. He reduced the similar terms: 25x - 25 = 4x2 - Step 4. He calculated the square root on each side of the equation: √25x - 25 = √4x2 - Step 5. He solved the linear equation obtained in step 4: 5x - 5 = 2x - In step 1 because the first equation corresponds to a first-degree function and the second to a second-degree function, and therefore they cannot be equated. - In step 2 because on one side of the equation, the terms with the unknown should be left and on the other side, the numerical terms. - In step 4 because the square root of a subtraction is not equal to the square root of each of its terms. - In step 5 because it is not possible that the solution of a linear equation is a fraction. ### 4. Armando has 25 chocolates in a box, and each chocolate has one of 4 possible fillings: strawberry, blackberry, cherry and pineapple. Of the 25 chocolates in the box, Armando knows that 8 have a blackberry filling and 5 have a pineapple filling. If a person randomly takes a chocolate from the box, which of the following probabilities can be calculated? - The probability that the chocolate taken does not have a strawberry filling. - The probability that the chocolate taken has a strawberry filling or a blackberry filling. - The probability that the chocolate taken does not have a pineapple filling. - The probability that the chocolate taken has a cherry filling or a pineapple filling. ### 5. Colombia has the largest number of species per unit area on the planet, making it a megadiverse country. The figure shows information about the total number of species and the number of endangered species that inhabit Colombian territory according to the animal class. In this sense, endemic species are species whose habitat is limited to a specific geographic region; the table shows the number of endemic species in Colombia: | Class | Number of Endemic Species | |---|---| | Mammals | 34 | | Birds | 66 | | Amphibians | 367 | | Reptiles | 115 | | Fish | 0 | Which of the following graphs represents in a complete manner the number of endangered species, endemic species and the total number of species by class? ### 6. The table shows the information provided by a company on different products: | Product | Price without tax (COP) | Tax (COP) | Discount on price with tax (COP) | Final Price (COP) | |---|---|---|---|---| | W | 40.000 | 6.000 | 9.000 | 37.000 | | X | 55.000 | 8.000 | 12.000 | 51.000 | | Y | 72.000 | 11.000 | 16.000 | 67.000 | | Z | 110.000 | 20.000 | 25.000 | 105.000 | According to the table, which of the following expressions allow you to find the final price? - Final price = Price without tax - Tax - Discount - Final price = Price without tax - Tax + Discount - Final price = Price without tax + Tax + Discount - Final price =Price without tax + Tax - Discount ### 7. In a Mathematics class, the teacher proposes the following algorithm to his students: - Step 1. Choose a positive number. - Step 2. Take the square root of the number chosen in step 1. - Step 3. Multiply by 2 the number obtained in step 2. - Step 4. Square the number obtained in step 3. If a student chose the number 9 in the first step, what will be the result obtained at the end of the algorithm? - 36 - 18 - 9 - 3 ### 8. A number is shown in a computer game and the player must write the square of the number displayed: - 4 - 16 - 32 - 64 ### 9. A company needs to buy gifts for all the employees in the production, administration and sales departments. The graph shows the distribution of employees by department: The HR manager decides to buy gifts as follows: half for production, a quarter for sales and the rest for administration. Does this decision meet the criteria of giving gifts to all employees in the three areas? - Yes, because the more employees there are in an area, the more gifts there are. - Yes, because there is a proportional increase in the number of gifts purchased for each department. - No, because the number of gifts should be proportional to the distribution of employees. - No, because there should have been equal proportions for each area. ### 10. A person purchased a health plan for one year, for which he must pay $200,000 per month and, in addition, $15,000 for each service he requests. Which expression represents the total amount of money that the person must pay for the health plan during the year? - (12 x 200,000) + (15,000 x number of services requested during the year). - 12 x (200,000 + 15,000 x number of services requested during a month). - 200,000 + (15,000 x number of services requested during the year). - 200,000 + 12 x (15,000 x number of services requested during a month). ### 11. For her Physical Education class, Gabriela measured the foot length and height of 8 of her classmates in order to determine if there is any relationship between these two variables, and she recorded the data in a table: | Name | Foot length (cm) | Height (cm) | |---|---|---| | Luciana | 33.4 | 151 | | Mateo | 33.8 | 152 | | Emilio | 34 | 153 | | Mia | 34.8 | 154 | | Salome | 35.2 | 155 | | Sebastian | 35.7 | 156 | | Samuel | 36 | 157 | | Pedro | 36.2 | 158 | Based on the above information, Gabriela states that the longer the foot, the taller the person. Is this statement correct? - No, because the foot size increases little in relation to the increase in height. - Yes, because as the foot size increases, the height also increases. - No, because although the foot size increases, the height increases in a different way. - Yes, because as the foot size increases, the height remains constant. ### 12 A construction company acquired a lot measuring 7*x* meters wide and 10*x* meters long, for the purpose of creating four recreation areas divided by pedestrian paths, as shown in the diagram. The project manager presents the following procedure to calculate the area of the pedestrian paths: Area of the paths = Total area of the lot = Area of each recreation area (10*x*)(7*x) - [(3*x*)(4*x) + (2*x*)(6*x)] Why is the procedure presented by the project manager INCORRECT? - Because they are adding the expression (2*x*)(6*x). - Because they are missing the area of zones 3 and 4. - Because they must multiply by 2 the expression in angular parenthesis. - Because the letter *x* represents the width of the path and therefore its area is *x*2. ### 13. A machine separates the 2,000 potatoes in a sack according to their weight *p*, obtaining the data in the table: | Weight (grams) | Number of potatoes | |---|---| | 15 ≤ *p* < 20 | 700 | | 20 ≤ *p* < 25 | 500 | | 25 ≤ *p* < 30 | 800 | Which graph represents the distribution of the potatoes in the sack according to their weight? ### 14. A teacher gives a 4-question exam to a class of 10 students. The table shows the percentage of students who answered each question correctly: | Question | Percentage of correct answers | |---|---| | 1 | 70% | | 2 | 80% | | 3 | 40% | | 4 | 70% | Which of the following graphs shows the exact same information as the table? ### 15. The table shows the information about the percentage of correct answers on each of the 5 tests taken during a semester by Roberto, where each test has the same weight in the final grade: | Name | Test 1 | Test 2 | Test 3 | Test 4 | Test 5 | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | Roberto | 60% | 58% | 75% | 80% | 92% | With the information in the table, which of the following values can be found? - The number of correct answers in each of the tests. - The weight of the questions on each of the tests. - The average of the percentage of correct answers on the tests. - The grade obtained at the end of all the tests. ### 16. A student is asked to rotate by 90º the triangle in Figure 1, in a direction opposite to the movement of the hands of a clock around the origin. The student obtains Figure 2 as a result. This result is incorrect. Why? - Because the triangle should not point down. - Because the triangle should not point to the right. - Because the rotation performed was less than 90º. - Because the rotation was done in the wrong direction. ### 17. The graph shows the relationship between the height and the time of a skier sliding down a snowy mountain. According to the graph, what is the skier's height at 12 seconds? - 4 meters - 8 meters - 12 meters - 16 meters ### 18. An environmental reserve will be in charge of new animals, so appropriate habitats must be created for each species. For this, the person in charge of the reserve has the following information: | Species | Macaws | Jaguars | Capybaras | Titi Monkeys | |---|---|---|---|---| | Number of animals per species | 50 | 2 | 28 | 20 | | Number of males | 22 | 1 | 12 | 10 | | Number of females | 28 | 1 | 16 | 10 | | Max. number of animals per habitat | 30 | 1 | 15 | 10 | To know how many new habitats need to be created for this wildlife reserve, what information is necessary to have? - The number of animals per species and the number of females. - The number of species, the number of animals per species and the maximum number of animals per habitat. - The number of males of each species and the number of females. - The maximum number of animals per habitat, the number of males and the number of species. ### 19. To remodel the floor of an office reception area with dimensions 360 cm wide and 5 m long, it is planned to use 30 cm x 40 cm tiles. In order to determine the exact number of tiles required to remodel the floor, one of the interior designers proposed the following procedure, but made a mistake: - Step 1. Calculate the area of the reception floor by multiplying 360 × 5 = 1,800. - Step 2. Calculate the area of one of the tiles by multiplying 30 × 40 = 1,200. - Step 3. Divide the area of the reception floor by the area of one of the tiles: 1,800 3 = 1,200 2. In which step of the procedure did the designer make the mistake? - In step 2 because they multiplied quantities with the same measurement unit. - In step 1 because they must divide the width of the reception floor by the width of the tile. - In step 1 because they multiplied quantities expressed in different measurement units. - In step 2 because they must divide the length of the reception floor by the length of the tile. ### 20. A bookstore sells adventure and romance books. A person bought 7 adventure books and 2 romance books, and the purchase cost $34,000. As it is known that there is a fixed price for all adventure books and another for all romance books, the total payment is obtained by proposing: $34,000 = 7 • *adventure book price* + 2 • *romance book price*. Which of the following options corresponds to a possible price for each type of book? - Adventure: $3,000. Romance: $4,000. - Romance: $400. Adventure: $300. - Romance: $300. Adventure: $400. - Adventure: $4,000. Romance $3,000. ### 21. An experiment was carried out to calculate the effect of three types of fertilizers (W, X, Y) on the height of corn plants in a corn crop . The experiment lasted for 90 days, and the heights of the plants at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days were recorded in the table. | Type of crop | Corn treated with W | Corn treated with X | Corn treated with Y | |---|---|---|---| | Height of plants | | | | | At 15 days | 49 cm | 64 cm | 63 cm | | At 30 days | 88 cm | 89 cm | 93 cm | | At 45 days | 149 cm | 159 cm | 171 cm | | At 60 days | 261 cm | 258 cm | 269 cm | | At 90 days | 269 cm | 286 cm | 276 cm | A person makes the following statements about the results of the experiment: - Statement 1. The corn treated with W has the shortest height at 60 days. - Statement 2. The corn treated with X has the highest height at 90 days. - Statement 3. At 15 days, the greatest height is that of the corn treated with Y. According to the above, which of the person's statements are false? - Only 2. - Only 3. - 1 and 3 - 1 and 2. ### 22. The veterinary pharmaceutical industry determines that the appropriate amount of medication that can be given to a dog is defined by means of the following function: f(p) = p/20 if p ≤ 40, where f(p) is the amount of medication in milligrams that should be supplied to the dog, and p is the dog's weight in kilograms. If, on a vaccination day, no dog exceeds 8 kilograms of weight, what information is required to determine the total amount of medication supplied to the dogs on the vaccination day? - The number of dogs weighing exactly 8 kilograms. - The number of dogs weighing less than 8 kilograms. - The number of dogs weighing 8 kilograms or more. - The number of dogs weighing 8 kilograms or less. ### 23. For the construction of a rectangular steel sheet to support the roof of a house, the architect requires the following aspects to be guaranteed: 1. The width plus the length of the sheet must measure at least 6 meters. 2. The length of the sheet must measure at least 4 meters. 3. The area of the sheet must have a maximum of 36 square meters. 4. The width of the sheet must measure at least 2 meters. One of the above requirements is met if the others are met, therefore, which of the 4 requirements is NOT necessary to verify? - 1 because it can be verified from requirements 2 and 4. - 2, because it can be verified from requirements 1 and 4. - 3 because it can be verified from requirement 1. - 4 because it can be verified from requirement 2. ### 24. To know the number of 4-digit codes in which the digits can be repeated, to be used to identify the students of a school, the following procedure is proposed: - Step 1. Determine the number of numbers in the set of digits selected. - Step 2. Raise the result of step 1 to the power of 4. For a school of 600 students, the set of digits {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is chosen. How many codes can be obtained with this set using the procedure above? - 5 - 75 - 625 - 3,125 ### 25. The figure shows six polygons which have been divided into two groups. Group X includes the three polygons with the highest number of sides and the other three polygons form group Z: - Among the polygons of group X, which one has the fewest number of sides? ### 26. Consider the following excerpt from the text: _"There is another aspect of his personality that seems quite significant to me."_ What is the function of the above sentence? - It presents the introduction of the text. - It presents the central theme of the text. - It introduces an argument against the thesis of the text. - It introduces an argument in favor of the thesis of the text. ### 27. Consider the following statement from the text: _"Karl Popper directly calls him a fraud and calls on serious philosophers to refrain from quoting him."_ Which of the following options has the same meaning as the expression "refrain" in the above sentence? - Learn - Renounce - Deceive - Understand ### 28. Consider the following two statements from the text: 1. The most serious philosophers of the 20th century held him in very low esteem. 2. Bertrand Russell does not even mention him in his A History of Western Philosophy. What is the relationship between statements 1 and 2? - 1 presents an example in favor of what is said in 2. - 1 presents a counterexample to what is said in 2. - 2 presents an example in favor of what is said in 1. - 2 presents a counterexample to what is said in 1. ### 29. Consider the following excerpt from the text: _“Then I discovered that I was not alone. The most serious philosophers of the 20th century held him in very low esteem. Bertrand Russell does not even mention him in his A History of Western Philosophy. Karl Popper directly calls him a fraud and calls on serious philosophers to refrain from quoting him."_ Which of the following argumentative strategies does the author use in the above excerpt? - It presents a counterexample to prove its thesis. - It makes an exhaustive list of examples to prove its thesis. - It resorts to authoritative figures to prove its thesis. - It uses an analogy to prove its thesis. ### 30. Consider the following excerpt from the text: _"In 1927 he dedicated his book Being and Time to his 'beloved master' Edmund Husserl, a dominant figure in German philosophy. But Husserl was Jewish, and when in 1933 the Nazis appointed Heidegger Rector of the University of Freiburg, he expelled him and even denied him the right to consult the library."_ What function does the logical connector "but" perform in the above excerpt? - It expresses a cause-and-effect relationship. - It expresses an opposition between two ideas. - It expresses a hypothesis. - It expresses a synthesis. ### ES PONDA LAS PREGUNTAS 31 A 33 DE ACUERDO CON LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN In the time of El Greco, the Spanish Inquisition, established in 1483, was part of an exclusionary policy that accompanied the growing religious tensions throughout Europe; it also had clear limits and social functions. The Greek outsider had two direct encounters with it, although they were two completely different events in terms of their type and significance. The first was a legal aid for a fellow Greek. [...] The other case was more notable: it was El Greco’s second attempt, after the failure of the Escorial, to find one or more patrons, this time from the Toledo clergy. The test painting shows a full-length portrait of A Cardinal (see image): it is probably a portrait of Fernando Niño de Guevara, who at that time (around 1600) was the Grand Inquisitor of Toledo. The clergyman is seated in a wooden armchair turned three-quarters towards the viewer. He wears cardinal robes; the muceta isolates and raises his head, covered with a biretta, as if it were a bust. On his lap, the mantle opens and reveals an ornate lace surplice; the whiteness of the filigrees is also emphasized in the neck and sleeves. The tips of two brown shoes can be seen. [...] The truly disconcerting element is the round lenses, which are attached to the ears with ribbons. It was not a way used by El Greco to express the intolerance of the wearer -as a writer even expressed after 1900-, but an important technical novelty at a time when many people still had considerable reservations about lenses and preferred to use pince-nez over the nose. This and other information is collected in the 1st encyclopedia of lenses, which was published in Seville in 1623, precisely by a notary of the Spanish Inquisition, Benito Daza de Valdés. A comparison with contemporary lens fashion reveals that the Grand Inquisitor demonstrates a capacity for independent judgment and, at the same time, admiration for technical novelties: not only because of having chosen the same artist who Philip II had rejected for his personal iconographic language, but also because he posed with the most progressive lenses of the time. ### 31. Which of the following options for titles would be the most appropriate for the text? - The Art of the Spanish Inquisition. - El Greco and his criticism of the Spanish Inquisition. - The use of pince-nez during the time of the Spanish Inquisition.. - A Cardinal: El Greco's approach to the Spanish Inquisition. ### 32. Consider the following excerpt: _“At that time (when El Greco lived), the use of spectacles suggested erudition, and the cardinal's lenses were modern and fashionable. However, no one would have worn lenses in a formal portrait, unless they were distinctive of their everyday appearance."_ The above paragraph - Complements the information in the text because it provides more details about the use of lenses during El Greco's time. - Questions the information in the text because it casts doubt that the El Greco portrait is a true portrait, since the use of lenses was not common in his paintings. - Paraphrases the information in the text because it presents in other words the data in the text about the meaning of the use of lenses. - Illustrates the information in the text because it presents the Cardinal as an example of someone whose everyday appearance depended on the use of lenses. ### 33 The fact that the Grand Inquisitor chose El Greco as his portraitist is a reason that the author presents to argue that the Cardinal had independent judgment. The author affirms this because this choice - Shows that the Cardinal opposed the artistic and aesthetic preferences of Philip II. - Indicates that the Cardinal had an independent interest in the original work of El Greco, even though he was rejected by the king. - Shows that the Cardinal had the autonomy to be a patron of any artist of his choice. - Shows that the Cardinal's decisions depended on political or traditional matters, even if they were not decisive factors. ### RESPONDA LAS PREGUNTAS 34 A 36 DE ACUERDO CON LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN In Lebanon, as in other countries of the Middle East, Central and Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Northern Europe, milk has been an essential and necessary food for millennia. Therefore, its people have developed genetic mutations to be able to digest lactose even after infancy. In other regions, such as America, most of the population tend to become lactose intolerant after the age of five or six years, as it is believed that humans are weaned as soon as they are capable of eating solid foods. Why would the body continue to wear itself out producing the enzyme that digests that sugar found in only one food in nature? Drinking milk from other mammals is an aberration in human culture. In America, it was not consumed before the arrival of the Spaniards; in China, the Ming dynasty banished the consumption of milk at the same time as it erased its history from the Mongols, its predecessors, and their barbarous customs, such as drinking kumis. There was even a courtier who referred to cheese as "a slimy secretion from the bowels of an old cow, which is then allowed to rot." ### 34. Which of the following options presents an appropriate title for the text? - A History of Healthy Food. - Our Daily Bread. - Let's Talk About Loaves. - The Lactose Life. ### 35. According to the text, where has milk been an essential food for millennia? - China - Lebanon - Southeast Asia - The American continent ### 36. According to the text, who referred to cheese as "a slimy secretion from the bowels of an old cow, which is then allowed to rot?" - A Lebanese prince. - A ruler from India. - A courtier from the Ming dynasty. - A member of the Mongol lineage. ### RESPONDA LAS PREGUNTAS 37 A 39 DE ACUERDO CON LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN When we examine our beliefs, we notice that we hold different beliefs with very different degrees of conviction. Some, such as the fact that I am sitting in a chair, or that 2 + 2 = 4- can be doubted by very few people, unless they have had extensive philosophical training. These beliefs are so firmly held that nonphilosophers who doubt them are confined to an asylum for lunatics. Other beliefs, such as historical facts, are perhaps held with less firmness, but still without great doubt in their fundamentals if they are well authenticated. Beliefs about the future, such as that the sun will rise tomorrow and that the trains will run approximately as the Railway Guide indicates, can be defended with almost as much conviction as beliefs about the past. Scientific laws are generally believed with less firmness; and among these there is a gradation from those that seem almost certain to those that have only a slight probability in their favor. Philosophical beliefs, lastly, will occupy, for many people, a lower position, since contrary beliefs of others will hardly fail to raise doubts. Belief, therefore, is a matter of degree. To speak of belief, disbelief, doubt and suspension of judgment as if they were the only possibilities is like supposing that hot, lukewarm, cold and freezing are the only temperatures. In belief there is a continuous gradation; and the more firmly we believe something, the less we are disposed to abandon the belief in case of conflict. ### 37. What is the main topic of the text? - Philosophical beliefs. - Degrees of belief. - Scientific beliefs. - Types of belief. ### 38. According to the text, how could one classify the belief that gravity causes planetary movement? - As a philosophical belief. - As a belief about the laws of physics. - As a historical belief. - As a belief about the future. ### 39. Consider the following excerpt from the text: _“Belief, therefore, is a matter of degree.”_ In the above excerpt, the expression "therefore" indicates that - Saying that belief is a matter of degree is a reason in favor of what was previously stated in the text. - Saying that belief is a matter of degree is a conclusion inferred from what was previously stated in the text. - Saying that belief is a matter of degree is a reason against what was previously stated in the text. - Saying that belief is a matter of degree constitutes a good example of what was previously stated in the text. ### RESPONDA LAS PREGUNTAS 40 Y 41 DE ACUERDO CON LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN There are arguments against the preservation of species, put forward by those who do not consider it fatal that humanity collaborates in the disappearance of other species from the scene. Perhaps the most widespread is that extinction is a perfectly natural evolutionary process, which has been taking place for millions of years, with or without human participation. Why should we be worried if we are actually helping nature to follow its course? When, in 1859, Charles Darwin put forward his theory of evolution, along with evidence in its favor, he was not only proposing natural selection as the driving force of the evolutionary process, but also acknowledging the inevitability of extinction. Darwin argued that "as new forms are produced slowly and constantly, unless we assume that the number of specific forms can continue to increase indefinitely and almost indefinitely, it is inevitable that there will be groups that become extinct." Before Darwin, the idea of extinction had already been discussed by several geologists and naturalists, however, in the mid-19th century, the concept was scandalous for most people. It was believed that every living being had been created by God, following a sequence of increasing complexity, and that species appeared in a single act of creation, so the “creationist" view of species did not envision extinction. However, the cycle now seems to have closed; not only does the idea of extinction no longer shock, but Darwin's name is used in vain when it is intended to justify the extermination of other species at the hands of Homo sapiens. It is evident that those who resort to this type of argument ignore an important fact, and that is that humanity has already raised the rate of species extinction far beyond historical rates of species appearance. Species are now disappearing much faster than they are appearing, and the rate of disappearance promises to continue to increase dramatically. The argument that justifies extermination resembles that of the man who, when he saw how the water was escaping through ever-widening cracks in the wall of a large dam, said to the people living below: "There is no need to worry; after all, the water has always flowed through the spillway". ### 40. Consider the following excerpt from the text: _"Perhaps the [argument against the preservation of species] most widespread is that extinction is a perfectly natural evolutionary process, which has been taking place for millions of years, with or without human participation. Why should we worry if we are actually helping nature to follow its course?”_ What is the relationship between the two statements that make up this excerpt? - The statements oppose each other. - The question calls into question the thesis of the sentence that precedes it. - The question seeks to clarify an idea of the sentence that precedes it. - The statements support the same thesis. ### 41. Consider the following text: _”Oh, Mother Nature needs favors! She must have thought it when she afflicted us with floods, droughts and sick monkeys. Did she start the fight for survival, and now does she want to give up because she’s losing? Well, I say, good night!” (Montgomery Burns, The Simpsons)._ Those who are against the preservation of species could argue that the idea of the above paragraph - Contradicts their thesis because it favors the author’s rejection of those who doubt extinction. - Complements their thesis because it contradicts the author's defense that extinction is unnatural. - Weakens their thesis because it caricatures the argument that extinction is acceptable because it is a natural process. - Supports their thesis because it presents a new way of understanding the theory of the inevitability of extinction. ### RESPONDA LAS PREGUNTAS 42 A 46 DE ACUERDO CON LA SIGUIENTE INFORMACIÓN Computers do what they are told. Servilely they obey any instruction given in their own programming language. That's how they do useful things like process text and perform calculations in spreadsheets. But, inevitably, they are just as robotic when it comes to obeying incorrect instructions. They have no way of knowing whether an instruction will have a good effect or a bad one. They simply obey, as soldiers are supposed to do. It is their unquestionable obedience that makes computers useful, and precisely that same thing makes them inevitably vulnerable to infection by viruses and worms. A malicious program that says "copy me and send me to every address you can find on the hard drive" will simply be obeyed and obeyed again by the other computers down the line that it is being sent, in an exponential expansion. It is difficult, if not impossible, to design a computer that is usefully obedient and, at the same time, immune to infection. ### 42. Consider the following sentence from the text: _"It is difficult, if not impossible, to design a computer that is usefully obedient and, at the same time, immune to infection."_ In the above sentence, the word "immune" could be replaced with - Impregnable. - Prone. - Invulnerable. - Susceptible. ### 43. Consider the following statement from the text: _"They simply obey, as soldiers are supposed to do."_ What the author means with this statement is that computers - Are always exposed to viruses. - Do not know if an instruction is correct. - Follow orders without questioning them. - Are capable of making decisions. ### 44. Consider the following statements from the text: 1. A malicious program that says "copy me and send me to every address you can find on the hard drive" will simply be obeyed and obeyed again by the other computers down the line that it is being sent. 2. It is their unquestionable obedience that makes computers useful, and precisely that same thing makes them inevitably vulnerable to infection by viruses and worms. The relationship between statements 1 and 2 can be described as follows: - Statement 1 is evidence against statement 2. - Statement 2 is evidence in favor of statement 1. - Statement 1 is evidence in favor of statement 2. - Statement 2 is evidence against statement 1. ###

Saber 11 - Matemáticas - 1ª Sesión PDF

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