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‫ﺧﺮد‬ ‫ﺪﻧواﺪﺧ ومﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ‬ ‫ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﺟﺎن‬ ‫دﺮﺧﻧﺎمو نﺎﺟ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ IN the name of god Lower limb...

‫ﺧﺮد‬ ‫ﺪﻧواﺪﺧ ومﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ‬ ‫ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﺟﺎن‬ ‫دﺮﺧﻧﺎمو نﺎﺟ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ IN the name of god Lower limb Section 1 Hip Dr.Mohsen Eslami Farsani Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy Qom University of Medical Sciences Phone Number : 09188118392 Email address : [email protected] Osteology of Lower limb 31 Each Lower Limb Has 31 Bones, Including: 1- Hip=Innominate bone = coxa 2- Femur 3-Tibia 4- Fibula 5- Patella (the greatest sesamoid bone) 6- Tarsal bones (7) 7- Metatarsal bones (5) 8- Phalangeal bones of toes (14) The Lower limb is Divided into 4 regions 1.Gluteal Region (Buttock) hip joint 2.Thigh R (Femur) Knee Joint 3.Leg R Ankle joint 4.Foot R Session of Lower Limb Osteology of hip Pelvic girdle has 4 bones Pelvic bones are irregular and wide bones that connect with the sacrum in the back and form the sacroiliac joint. and are connected to each other in the front part and make the symphysis pubis. Hip (Innominate bone = Os' Coxa) Hip Bone  Ilium  Pubis  Ischium Hip Bone as a whole Lateral and 2 Surfaces Internal (Medial) Superior, Inferior 5 Borders Anterior, Posterior and Medial 1 Cavity Acetabulum 1 Foramen Obturator Next Anterior gluteal line Back Ilium Anterior gluteal line 2 Surfaces Lateral Medial Latral Inf, Ant, Post Gluteal line 2/5 sup part of Acetablum Iliac fossa- iliacus M, Medial Auricular surface, Terminal line Sup border Iliac crest – iliac tubercle, Asis, Aiis Psis, Piis Pubis Joint Symphysis pubic Body 1 Border (Pubic Crest) 1 Tubercle (Pubic Tubercle) 2 Ramus 1/5 Ant part of Acetabulum 3 Surfaces: Superior (Pectineal) Superior Posterior (Pelvic) Anterior (Obturator) Inferior Ischiopubic ramus Ischium 2/5 post part of Acetabulum Body Ischial spine Great/Lesser sciatic notch, Ischial tuberosity Ischiopubic ramus Ramus Obturator foramen between ischium and pubis  NOTES : Upper Border of Symphisis Pubis, Ischial Spin, Head of Femur AND Greater Trochanter ARE AS SAME LEVEL Forward Tilt of the pelvic: The pelvic girdle tilts forward and downward, and the ASIS and pubic tubercle lie in the same coronal plane. Figure 5.29 Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments. A. Medial view of right side of pelvis. B. Function of the ligaments. Pelvic fractures Fractures to the pelvis are highly variable in appearance depending on the mechanism and force of injury. Careful examination of the cortical surfaces of the bony rings will reveal most fractures. The extent of injury is often underestimated on plain radiographs. Pelvic fractures Fractures to the pelvis are highly variable in appearance depending on the mechanism and force of injury. Careful examination of the cortical surfaces of the bony rings will reveal most fractures. The extent of injury is often underestimated on plain radiographs. Pelvic cavity Some Differences Between Male & Female Hip Parameter Male Female General Heavy,Thick, Light,Thin,Less Appearance Stronger prominents prominents Iliac Fossa More deep Less deep Greater Sciatic Narrower Wider Notch Lesser Sciatic More deep Less deep Notch Ischial Spine Invert Evert Acetabular Cavity Larger Smaller Obturator Foramen Larger & Oval Smaller & Best wishes