Introduction To Social Psychology PDF

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Presented by: Mary Anne A. Portuguez, MP, RPm OBSERVE. THINK. CHALLENGE. WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF PSYCHOLOGY!  It is the scientific study of how people’s thoughts, What is feelings, and behaviors are infl...

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Presented by: Mary Anne A. Portuguez, MP, RPm OBSERVE. THINK. CHALLENGE. WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF PSYCHOLOGY!  It is the scientific study of how people’s thoughts, What is feelings, and behaviors are influenced by other social people. Psychology? In lined with the four major goals of Psychology: Describe, explain, predict, control, and influence.  To be A good scientific scientific explanation can connect is to be many thousands of reliable observations, converting long lists of unconnected and valid. “facts” into an interconnected, coherent and meaningful pattern.  “Science is built up Jules with facts, as a Henri house is with stones, Poincaré but a collection of facts is no more a science than a heap of stones is a house.”  a set of related To be assumptions that allows scientific scientists to use logical means to deductive reasoning to rely on theories. formulate testable hypotheses. Difference Charles Darwin’s theory evolution by natural selection of between implied that animals could deductive transmit unique characteristics (such as long necks on giraffes or and flippers offspring. on seals) to their inductive Copernicus’s radical theory that method. the planets revolved around the sun, not the earth, simplified and organized thousands of prior heavenly observations  Sociocultural perspective. The theoretical viewpoint that searches for the causes of social behavior in influences from larger social groups. Evolutionary perspective. A theoretical viewpoint that Major searches for the causes of social behavior in the physical and psychological dispositions that helped our ancestors Theoretical survive and reproduce. Social learning perspective. A theoretical viewpoint Perspectives that focuses on past learning experiences as determinants of a person’s social behaviors. Phenomenological perspective. The view that social behavior is driven by a person’s subjective interpretations of events in the environment. Social cognitive perspective. A theoretical viewpoint that focuses on the mental processes involved in paying attention to, interpreting, judging, and remembering social experiences.  Perspective What drives social behavior? In short, Sociocultural Forces in larger social groups. Evolutionary Inherited tendencies to respond what drives to the social environment in ways social that would have helped our ancestors behavior survive and reproduce. from these Social Learning Rewards and punishments. Observing various how other people are rewarded and perspectives? punished for their social behaviors. Phenomenologic The person’s subjective al interpretation of a social situation. Social Cognitive What we pay attention to in a THE NEXUS PEOPLE INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER TO ACHIEVE SOME GOAL OR SATISFY SOME INNER MOTIVATION.  1. Social behavior is goal Basic oriented. People interact with one another to Principles achieve some goal or of Social satisfy some inner Behavior motivation. 2. Social behavior represents a continual interaction between the person and the situation. Social behavior is Surface level goal- Broader level oriented.  To establish social ties. To understand ourselves and others. Fundamental To gain and maintain motives status. To defend ourselves and those we value. To attract and retain mates.  A taste of an experiment on heterosexua l women and men differ attractions. in some fascinating ways  > A person has features or characteristics that Let’s talk individuals carry into about a social situations. PERSON in the > It refers to SITUATIO environmental events or N circumstances outside the person.  1. Different situations activate different parts of the self. 2. Each situation has different facets, and the social motive active in that PERSON- situation depends on which facet one SITUATION is paying attention to. INTERACTION 3. Not everyone responds in the same way to the same situation. 4. People change their situations. 5. People choose their situations. 6. Situations change people. 7. Situations choose people.  Descriptive methods involve How attempts to measure or record Psychologists behaviors, thoughts, or Study Social feelings in their natural state. Behavior Experimental methods attempt to manipulate social processes by varying some aspect of the situation.  Naturalistic observation. Recording everyday behaviors as they unfold in their natural settings. Some Hypothesis. A researcher’s prediction important about what he or she will find. Observer bias. Error introduced into terms measurement when an observer overemphasizes behaviors he or she expects to find and fails to notice behaviors he or she does not expect. Case study. An intensive examination of an individual or group.  Generalizability. The extent to which the findings of a particular research study extend to other similar circumstances or Some cases. Archival important method. Examination of systematic data originally collected for other terms purposes (such as marriage licenses or arrest records). Survey method. A technique in which the researcher asks people to report on their beliefs, feelings, or behaviors. Social desirability bias. The tendency for  Representative sample. A group of respondents having characteristics that Some match those of the larger population the important researcher wants to describe. Psychological tests. Instruments for terms assessing a person’s abilities, cognitions, motivations, or behaviors. Reliability. The consistency of the score yielded by a psychological test. Validity. The extent to which a test measures what it is designed to measure.  Correlation. The extent to which two Correlation or more variables are associated with one another. Correlation coefficient A mathematical expression of the relationship between two variables.  Experiment. A research method in which the researcher sets out to systematically manipulate one source of influence while holding others constant. Experiment Independent variable. The variable manipulated by the experimenter. Dependent variable. The variable measured by the experimenter. Random assignment. The practice of assigning subjects to  Internal validity. The extent to which an experiment allows confident statements about cause and effect. Confound. A variable that systematically Other changes along with the independent variable, potentially leading to a mistaken conclusion terms about the effect of the independent variable. External validity. The extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized to other circumstances. Demand characteristics. Cues that make subjects aware of how the experimenter expects them to behave.  Obtaining informed consent from research participants. Ethical safeguards Fully debriefing subjects in social psychological after the research is research completed. Evaluating the costs and benefits of the research procedures.  Developmental psychology consider how lifetime experiences combine with predispositions and early biological influences to produce the adult’s feelings, thoughts, and Social behaviors. Psychology Personality psychology addresses differences between people and how individual and Allied psychological components add up to a whole Sciences person. Environmental psychology is the study of people’s interactions with the physical and social environment. Clinical psychology is the study of behavioral dysfunction and treatment. WE ARE NOT BOXED TO ONLY ADJUST OURSELVES TO THE SITUATIONS. SOMETIMES, WE TRY TO CHANGE IT OURSELVES BY ACTIVELY FIGHTING FOR IT. WE ARE NOT SHEEP AND WE ARE NOT SAINTS. WE ARE HUMANS. WE NEED TO FIGHT FOR WHAT IS RIGHT! Portuguez, 2016