Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which one of these is the characteristic of sounds in complementary distribution?
Which one of these is the characteristic of sounds in complementary distribution?
- They have contrastive distribution
- They are allophones of different phonemes
- They appear in highly varied environments (correct)
- They have minimal pairs
What should you do if you do not find a minimal pair for the sounds you are looking at?
What should you do if you do not find a minimal pair for the sounds you are looking at?
- Look for evidence of a natural class
- Carefully list all of the environments for both sounds (correct)
- Write a rule
- Eyeball it
What should you look for when writing a rule based on the list of environments?
What should you look for when writing a rule based on the list of environments?
- Word initial or word final characteristics
- Evidence of a natural class (correct)
- Distinctive allophones
- Minimal pairs
Which sound corresponds to the base form of the phoneme in a rule with complementary distribution?
Which sound corresponds to the base form of the phoneme in a rule with complementary distribution?
What is the characteristic of sounds in contrastive distribution?
What is the characteristic of sounds in contrastive distribution?
What is the purpose of incorporating natural classes into rules?
What is the purpose of incorporating natural classes into rules?
What is the feature that separates sounds in minimal pairs?
What is the feature that separates sounds in minimal pairs?
What is the feature that separates sounds in complementary distribution?
What is the feature that separates sounds in complementary distribution?
Which of the following is true about incorporating natural class into rulewriting?
Which of the following is true about incorporating natural class into rulewriting?
What is the purpose of looking at a group of sounds in Phonetics?
What is the purpose of looking at a group of sounds in Phonetics?
Which of the following groups of sounds have shared features?
Which of the following groups of sounds have shared features?
What can we conclude about random groups of sounds?
What can we conclude about random groups of sounds?
Which of the following is true about rule targets?
Which of the following is true about rule targets?
What is the relevance of natural class in rulewriting?
What is the relevance of natural class in rulewriting?
Which of the following groups of sounds do not have shared features?
Which of the following groups of sounds do not have shared features?
What can we say about rules that target [p], [z], [h]?
What can we say about rules that target [p], [z], [h]?
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Study Notes
Complementary Distribution
- Sounds in complementary distribution never occur in the same phonetic environment
- If you don't find a minimal pair for the sounds, look for complementary distribution
- The sound that occurs in the most environments is the base form
- Sounds in complementary distribution represent one phoneme
Contrastive Distribution
- Sounds in contrastive distribution can occur in the same phonetic environment
- Sounds in contrastive distribution represent different phonemes
- The feature that separates sounds in contrastive distribution is the feature that changes the meaning of the word
Natural Classes
- Natural classes consist of sounds that share at least one feature
- You should look for natural classes when writing rules based on environment lists
- Natural classes simplify rule writing and make them more general
Phonetics
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The goal of looking at a group of sounds in phonetics is to determine their features
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Random groups of sounds do not share any features
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Rules that target random groups of sounds are not generalizable
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Rule targets usually represent natural classes
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For example, a rule targeting [p], [z], and [h] is not generalizable because these sounds do not share any features.
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