Horticulture Notes PDF

Horticulture Notes 00000000000  Horticulture — Latin word- Hortus meaning ‘garden’ and ‘cultura’ meaning ‘culture or growing’ /v » Pomology — Latin-Greek word —Latin word ‘pomum’ meaning ‘fruit’ and greek word ‘logy’ or ‘logos’ meaning ‘discourse, or science’. »...

Horticulture Notes 00000000000  Horticulture — Latin word- Hortus meaning ‘garden’ and ‘cultura’ meaning ‘culture or growing’ /v » Pomology — Latin-Greek word —Latin word ‘pomum’ meaning ‘fruit’ and greek word ‘logy’ or ‘logos’ meaning ‘discourse, or science’. » Olericulture — Latin word — ‘oleris’ meaning ‘Pot herb’ and english word ‘culture’ meaning “Cultivation’. » Arboriculture: This branch deals with the raising of perennial trees meant for shade, avenue or ornamental purposes. » Fruit: It is a developed and matured ovary with or without accessory parts and which is generally caten as raw. > Plantation crops: The crops which are cultivated in an extensive scale in large contiguous areas, owned and managed by an individual or a company and whose produce is utilized only after processing. Eg: Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Coconut, Cocoa etc > Spices: The products of those plants which are made use ofas food adjuncts to add aroma and flavour. Eg: Pepper, Cardamom, Clove, Cinnamon » Condiments: The products of those plants which are made use of as food adjuncts to add taste only. Eg: Turmeric, Ginger, Red chilli, Onion, Garlic > High density plantation: Planting of fruit trees at a rather closer spacing Than the recommended one using certain special techniques with sole objective of obtaining maximum productivity per unit arca without sacrificing quality is referred as HDP. It was first established in apple in Europe during sixties. In this system, four densities are recognized for apples: o Low HDP (1250 trees/ha) » Meadow Orchards: This system originated in Israel. In India, it was first used in guava crop at CISH, Lucknow. It is commonly used in Guava, Apple and Peach. » Father of Horticulture in World: L.H. Bailey > Father of Horticulture in India: M. H. Marigowda Horticultural Institutes: Central Institute of horticulture (CIH) Mediziphema, Nagaland (JAN-2006) Institute of Horticulture Technology (THT) Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (ITHR) Hessaraghatta, Bangalore, Karnataka. (1967) Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IITVR) Varanasi, UP (1971) Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR) Calicut, Kerala National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources New Delhi (NBPGR) National Horticulture Board (NHB) Gurgaon, Haryana (1984) National Horticulture Mission (NHM) 2005-06 Central Institute of Subtropical Horticulture Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (1995) (CISTH) Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir (1994) (CITH) Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) Jodhpur, Rajasthan (1952) Central Institute of Arid Horticulture (CIAH) Bikaner, Rajasthan (1994) National Research Centre for Banana (NRCB) Trichy, Tamil Nadu Agri Coaching Chandigarh 95200-90200 - National Research Centre for Citrus (NRCC) Nagpur, Maharashtra (1985) National Research Centre for Grapes (NRCG) Pune, Maharashtra National Research Centre for Pomegranate Solapur, Maharashtra (2005) (NRCP) National Research Centre for Litchi (NRCL) Muzzafarpur, Bihar National Research Centre for Makhana (NRCM) Darbhanga, Bihar National Research Centre for Orchids (NRCO) Pakyong, Sikkim National Research Centre for Medicinal and Anand, Gujarat Aromatic Plants (NRCMAP) National Research Centre for Seed Spices Ajmer, Rajasthan (NRCSS) Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI) Shimla, Himachal Pradesh (1949) National Horticultural Research and Development Nasik, Maharashtra Foundation (NHRDF) Directorate on Onion and Garlic Research Pune, Maharashtra (DOGR) Directorate of Mushroom Research (DMR) Solan, Himachal Pradesh Directorate of Arecanut and Spices Development Calicut, Kerala (DASD) Directorate of Cashewnut and Coconut Cochin, Kerala Development (DCCD) Directorate of Cashew Research (DCR) Puttur, Karnataka Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic plants Lucknow, UP (CIMAP) Central Food Technology Research Institute Mysore, Karnataka (CFTRI) Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Ludhiana, Punjab Technology (CIPHET) Central Plantation Crops Research Institute Kasargod, Kerala (CPCRI) Central Research Institute for Chiku (CRIC) Muzzafarpur, Bihar Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI) Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Biological Diversity Act (BDA) 2002 Common Mango King of tropical fruits/National fruit of Indian/pride fruit of India/Hindustan fruit of India Banana Antique fruit crop/Tree of wisdom/Tree of paradise/Adams fig/plant of virtue/Apple of paradise Cashewnut Dollar earning crop/Plough crop/Gold mine of waste land Makhana Gorgon Nut/Lotus seed Grapes Sophisticated fruit crop Agri Coaching Chandigarh 95200-90200  Papaya Melon Tree Guava Apple of the tropics/Poor man's apple Sapota Chikoo/sapodilla Mandarin Fancy fruit Pineapple Heaven fruit/Friendship fruit Jackfruit National fruit of Bangladesh/Poor man's food/Monkey jack Mangosteen Queen of fruits/Fruits of the gods or energy tablet/ Finest fruit of the world/Mystery fruit Avocado Alligator pear/2 st century fruit/Fruit of New world/Butter fruit Litchi Queen of subtropical fruit/ Rambutan Rambutan/ hairy litchi Loquat Japanese medlar/Japanese plum Durian King of fruit in Indonesia/Durian Persimmon National fruit of Japan/Persimmon/Ebony tree Apple King of temperate fruits/Symbol of health/premier fruit of the world Kiwi fruit Chinese gooseberry/China’s miracle fruit/Horticultural wonder of New Zealand Apricot Coppery fruit /apricot Walnut King of nut Pecanut Queen of nut/Pecanut Ber King of Arid fruits/ Poor man's fruit/Summer deciduous fruit/ Aonla Indian goose berry/Amritphal fruit/sacred tree/Myrabalan Annonaceous Custard Apple/Fruit of poor people/Evening flower scent bearing fruit Fruits crop Pomegranate Pomegranate/ fruit of paradise/ Fruit of love/Anar/National fruit of Iran Date palm Head in fire and foot in water crop/Tree of life Fig Forbidden fruit Bael Symbol of lord shiva fruit Phalsa Dhamani/Star apple Jamun Java plum/Indian Black berry/ Black Plum Agri Coaching Chandigarh 95200-90200  Karonda Christ thorn Water chestnut Singhara Tea Queen of Beverage crops Coffee King of Beverage crops Cocoa Food of god Oilpalm Small holders irrigated crop Carambola Star fruit, Kamrakh, Five corner fruit Coconut Kalpavriksha/Tree of heaven Layout System Characteristics Square System Most easy and popular method Quincunx System One additional plant in the centre of each square. 1.8 times more than square system Triangular System 11% less than Square Rectangular Accommodates more plants in rows System Hexagonal System 15% more plants than square system or Septule Contour System Hilly areas where land is undulated, slope: 2-10% Terrace System Hills or mountains by planting on terraces on the slope, slope: 20-33% Meadow Ultra-High-Density Plantation Orcharding Bromeliaceace Pineapple Ananas Brazil Sorosis comosus Musaceae Banana Musa balbisiana Indo- Burma Berry Arecaeae Datepalm Phoenix West Asia Single seeded dactylifera berry Actinidiaceae Kiwi Actinidia China Berry deliciosa Anacardiaceae Mango Mangifera Southeast Asia Drupe Indica Annonaceae Custard Annona Bolivia Aggregate apple squamosa berries Apocynaceae Karonda Carissa - Berry carandas Agri Coaching Chandigarh 95200-90200 -  Caricaceae Papaya Carica papaya Tropical Berry America Dilleniaceae Elephant Dillenia indica Southeast Asia Fleshy calyx apple Euphorbiaceae Aonla Emblica Southeast Asia Capsule (Drupe) officinalis Star Phyllanthus Madagascar Berry gooseberry acidus Clusiaceae Mangosteen Garcinia Malayan Berry mangostana Archipelogo Lauraceae Avocado Persea Central Berry Americana America Malpighiacae Barbados Malphigia Trinidad and Drupe cherry punicifolia Tobago Moraceae Jack fruit Artocarpus India Sorosis heterophylla Fig o Ficus carrica Syconus Mulberry Morus alba Sorosis Myrtaceae Guava Psidium Tropical Berry guajava America Jamun Syzygium India Drupe cumini Oleaceae Olive Olea euorpaea Mediterranean Drupe region Oxalidaceae Bilimbi Averrhoa Berry bilimbi Carambola Averrhoa Srilanka Capsule carambola Passifloraceae Passion fruit Passiflora Brazil Berry ~edulis Punicaceae Pomegranate Punica 71m7]’efsia) * Balausta granatum Rhamnaceae Indian jujube Ziziphus India Drupe maurititiana Rosaceae Almond Prunus Central Asia Drupe amygdalus Apple Malus South western Pome domestica Asia Apricot Prunus Northeastern Drupe armeniaca China Agri Coaching Chandigarh 95200-90200 -  Loquat Eriobotrya Central Eastern Pome Jjaponica China Quince Cydonia Caucasus Pome oblonga region Peach Prunus persica China Drupe Pear Pyrus Western China Pome communis Plum Prunus China Drupe domestica Strawberry Fragaria France Etaerio of annonosa drupes/ achenes Rutaceae Bael Aegle India Amphisarca marmelos Mandarin Citrus reticulata Southeastern Hesperidium. Asia Sweet Citrus sinensis Indochina Hesperidium orange Rutaceae Acid lime Citrus Iran (Persia) Hesperidium aurantifolia Grapefruit Citrus paradisi West Indies Hesperidium ‘Wood apple Feronia limonia India Amphisarca Lemon Citrus limon Southeast Asia Hesperidium Vitaceae Grapes Vitis vinifera Southeast Asia Berry and Central Europe Tilliaceae Phalsa Grewia India Drupe subinequalis Sapindaceae Litchi Litchi chinensis South China Nut Sapotaceae Sapota Achras zapota South Mexico Berry Juglandaceae Walnut Juglans regia Central Asia Nut Peacanut Carya North America Nut illinoensis Mango Kurukkan, Bappakai Polyembryonic, Moderately salt tolerant Olour Polyembryonic, Dwarfing, Moderately salt tolerant for langra & himsagar Rumani Polyembryonic, Dwarfing Vellaicolumban Polyembryonic, Dwarfing and Allopolyploid for Alphonso Amrapalli Monoembryonic & dwarfing Zebda Polyembryonic, Vigorous Gomera-1 Salt tolerant Grape Dogridge, Saltcreck Resistant to salt and nematodes Agri Coaching Chandigarh 95200-90200 -  Rupestris st. george Belongs to vitis rupestris, Phylloxera resistant Riparis gloire Belongs to vitis riparia, Phylloxera resistant Temple Resistant to Pierce disease, Anthracnose & Downy mildew Ber Zizyphus nummularia Dwarfing rootstock for HDP, causes inverted bottle-neck disorder Z. rotundifolia Drought tolerant, dwarfing rootstock Guava Chinese guava (P Resistance against guava wilt & nematodes, Dwarfness friedrichsthalianum) inducing Pusa srijan (Ancuploid Tetrasomic, induce dwarfing in Allahabad safeda, no 82) Resistance against guava wilt P. pumilum Induction of dwarfing Jamun S. densiflora Resistant to termite attack Sapota M. hexandra Rootstock Chrysophyllum New suitable rootstock lanceolatum Custard Annona glabra Resistant to wet and damp soil conditions apple A. cherimoya Dwarfing effect on A. reticulata Fig Ficus glomerata Resistant to nematode Avocado Mexican race Winter hardy Citrus C. unshu Freeze tolerant Alemow Polyembryonic Cleopatra Mandarin Salt tolerant Flying dragon Most dwarfing, suitable for HDP Jatti khatti Strain of rough lemon, vigorous, suitable for arid climate Rangpur Lime Hardy rootstock, Salt tolerant Rough lemon Vigorous, Tristeza tolerant, Salt & calcareous tolerant Severinia bauxifolia Salt tolerant Sour orange Cold hardy, resistant to phytophthora root rot, susceptible to tristeza Sweet orange Resistant to tristeza and exocortis Trifoliate orange Deciduous, cold hardy, dwarfing, resistant to nematodes, foot rot and most viral diseases Troyer citrange Deciduous, induce dwarfing in kinnow mandarin Apple Mm27 Very dwarfing M9 Dwarfing M7, M26, MM 106 Semi-dwarfing MM104, MM109, Vigorous MMIIT MI2, M16, M25 Very vigorous Pear Pyrus communis Vigorous, resistant to fire blight P. calleryana Vigorous, resistant to fire blight, Phytophthora root rot, oak root fungus and crown gall P. betuelifolia Vigorous, resistant to fire blight Agri Coaching Chandigarh 95200-90200  P. ussuriensis Vigorous, resistant to fire blight P. pashia Very vigorous Quince Dwarfing Cherry Mazzard (Prunus avium) Used for sweet cherry, susceptible to aphid and leaf spot Mabhaleb (Prunus Suitable for sour cherry mahaleb) Stockton morello (P. Dwarfing rootstock for sweet cherry cerasus), F12/1 Paja (P. cerasoides) Rootstock for sweet cherry Colt (P. avinum X P. Semi-dwarfing rootstock of cherry pseudocerasus) Plum Myrobalan Resistant to drought Mariana Tolerant to heavy soil Almond Resistant to lime induced necrosis, suitable for well drained necrosis Walnut Walnut seedling Best for walnut, resistant to crown rot, tolerant to black line disease Juglans hindsii Tolerant to salt in irrigation water, resistant to oak root fungus Paradox rootstock (J. Resistant to crown rot and root lesion nematodes regia X J. hindsii) Almond Almond Resistant to lime induced necrosis Peach X Almond hybrid Precocity in bearing GF 667 Pistachionut P. atlantia seedlings, P. Resistant to nematode and verticillium wilt terebinthus Chestnut Castanea mollisima Resistant to chestnut blight and cold injury seedling, C. sativa Olive Oblong Clonal rootstock, Resistant to verticillium alboratum Persimmon D. kaki, D. lotus, Saijo Used as rootstock seedlings D. virginiana Adapted to damp & heavy soil, cold hardy Nutritive Value of fruits (per 100 gm): Nutrients Rank wise Vitamin A Mango (4800 IU/100g) > Papaya (2020 I1U/100 g) Vitamin B1 / Thiamine Cashew nut (630 mg) > walnut (450 g) Vitamin B2/Riboflavin Bael (1191 mg) > Papaya (250 mg) > Litchi (122.5mg) Vitamin C / Ascorbic Barbados cherry (2000 mg) > Aonla (600 mg) > Guava acid Carbohydrates Raisins (77.3%) > Dry Apricot (72.8%) > Dates (67.8) Protein Cashew nut (21.2%) > Almond (20.88%) Fat Walnut (64.5%) > Almond (58.9%) Agri Coaching Chandigarh 95200-90200 -