1460225 Igneous And Metamorphic Petrology Lecture 1 Fall 2024 PDF

Ms. Nouf S. Alteneiji Chemical Elements → Mineral → Rock Si – silicon SiO2 - Quartz Granite (quartz, O - oxygen feldspar, mica) Quartz crystal Si – s...

Ms. Nouf S. Alteneiji Chemical Elements → Mineral → Rock Si – silicon SiO2 - Quartz Granite (quartz, O - oxygen feldspar, mica) Quartz crystal Si – silicon quartz lattice structure O - oxygen related sciences: Chemistry Mineralogy Petrology  a mineral is natural a mineral is solid a mineral is crystalline (has an orderly and repetitive atomic structure) a mineral has a well-defined chemical composition (varies within limits and can be represented by a chemical formula) a mineral is inorganic (mostly!) The regularity in composition and internal structure causes minerals to have specific, observable physical properties which are the basis of mineral identification.  a mineral is natural a mineral is solid a mineral is crystalline (has an orderly and repetitive atomic structure) a mineral has a well-defined chemical composition (varies within limits and can be represented by a chemical formula) a mineral is inorganic (mostly!) The regularity in composition and internal structure causes minerals to have specific, observable physical properties which are the basis of mineral identification.  All rocks on Planet Earth are composed of various amounts, sizes and mixtures of minerals or organic debris (shells and organic bones) or other components such as volcanic glass. Each rock tells a story about its formation and hence the geologic processes worked when it formed. To read this story we need to identify the minerals within the rock.  Nearly 4000 minerals are known, but only a few dozen are common. These make up most of the rocks of the Earth’s crust as so are known as rock‐forming minerals. Most rock‐forming minerals are made from only eight elements: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium. Mineral distribution in the Earth Crust composition: ❑ Continental crust: Si Al (felsic) ❑ Oceanic crust: Mg Fe (mafic) Silicates (Si, O) are most abundant minerals in the Earth’s crust.  Abundance of elements 1. How do we know? 2. What about the composition of the mantle and core? Mineral distribution in the Earth Why does composition of igneous rocks change? Sulfur Gold Diamond Rhodochrosite  Ruby Al2O3 Aquamarine (beryl, Be3Al2Si6O18) what else?