Medical School Histology Basics Digestive System PDF

Medical School Histology Basics Digestive System VIBS 243 lab Larry Johnson Texas A&M University  Objectives Ref code # 2, 16 To understand the general organization of organs of the digestive system and how...

Medical School Histology Basics Digestive System VIBS 243 lab Larry Johnson Texas A&M University  Objectives Ref code # 2, 16 To understand the general organization of organs of the digestive system and how they function to obtain metabolites necessary for growth and energy for the body, yet maintain a barrier between the environment and the internal milieu of the body To identify and describe functions of cellular structures, cells, and groups of cells in the digestive system.  Function of the Digestive System Ref code # 4, 16 Movement of food Secretion of digestive juices Absorption of digested foods, water, and electrolytes  Adaptation of G.I. Tract for Specific Function Function Organ Simple passage from one part Esophagus to another Storage of food or feces Stomach or distal colon Digestion Stomach, small intestine Absorption of end products Small intestine, proximal colon  Ref code # 6 32409 Small intestine Large intestine Small intestine  32409 General Structure Epithelium Ref code #2 of the Digestive Lamina propria Tract Muscularis mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa  146 Small intestine General Structure Ref code #6 of the Digestive Tract Epithelium 32409 Lamina propria Submucosa Small intestine Muscularis externa Serosa General Structure of Large intestine Ref code 153 # 6 the Digestive Tract Epithelium Lamina propria Muscularis mucosa Submucosa Large intestine Stomach Muscularis externa 145  Large intestine Mesothelium Muscularis externa 153 145 153 Stomach Muscularis externa Serosa Inner, thicker circular layer Outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa Ref code #5  Non-keratinized stratified Filiform Papillae Histo 51 squamous epithelium. Skeletal muscle, Mucus and Serous glands, FILIFORM PAPILLAE Ref code #6 Slide #12 (1101). Tongue, rabbit. Filiform papillae Skeletal muscle Foliate papillae that possess Taste buds Serous glands Ref code #5  Esophagus Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Histo 29 Muscularis externa Sub-mucosal glands Skeletal muscle 137 Esophagus – skeletal and epithelium smooth muscle Lamina propria Muscularis mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa  Sub-mucosal 242 Esophagus Mucus and Serous glands Submucosa Lamina propria Muscularis Non-keratinized mucosa stratified squamous epithelium Skeletal muscle, Muscularis externa If outer layer is Submucosa not covered by mesothelium = adventitia Perichondrium  137 Esophagus Muscularis externa of the upper esophagus is composed mostly of The muscularis externa in middle to skeletal muscle lower esophagus is composed mostly of smooth muscle. Ref code # 5, 6  437 Cardio-esophageal junction Sratified squamous Luminal epithelium changes from stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium in the cardiac region The stomach have Ref code no goblet cells, #5 no brush border on surface cells, and no villi. Dog cross section of body Liver Stomach Pancreas Esophagus Intestine 145 Fundic stomach Mucosa Antibody-producing plasma cells Gastric pits Submucosa Ganglion cells of the Auerbach's plexus Submucosa regulate the muscularis externa Ganglion cells of the Meissner's plexus regulates muscularis mucosa Muscularis externa 145 Fundic stomach Surface mucous cells Mucous neck cells Gastric pits and gastric glands Chief cells and parietal cells Enteroendocrine cells Mucus neck cells Fundic stomach, rabbit (toluidine blue) 244 Chief cells Enteroendocrine cells Parietal cell  Ref code Chief cell Enteroendocrine cell Parietal cells #6  Ref code #5 EM 15 Parietal cell produces 1. HCl 2. Bicarbonate 3. Intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption by gut: needed in red blood cell formation 243 Fundic stomach, monkey (PAS) Mucous neck cells Parietal cells Chief cells Enteroendocrine cells Surface mucous cells 244 Fundic stomach, rabbit (toluidine blue) Parietal cells Gastric pits Ref code #6 Mucous neck cells Surface mucous cells Lumen Enteroendocrine cells Lumen PAS H&E Surface mucus cells EM 16 Granules of surface mucous cells Mitochondria Nuclei Toluidine Lumenblue  Ref code #5 Large granules Granules of an argentaffin cell of chief cell EM 14 Large granules of chief cell Granules of an argentaffin cell Lamina propria Nuclei 141 Pyloric stomach, monkey (PAS) Pyloric glands Pyloric glands of the stomach contain mucous cells Surface mucus cells Ref code # 5, 6  147 Pyloroduodenal junction, baboon Intestine Lymphoid nodule Stomach Muscularis externa Lamina propria 147 Pyloroduodenal junction, baboon Submucosa Gastric glands Stomach Muscularis mucosa Gastric pits Muscularis externa Intestine Villi Lamina propria Crypts of Lieberkühn (intestinal glands). Junction Goblet cells and intestinal absorptive cells with a brush border Ref code #5 146 Duodenum, monkey Goblet and absorptive cells, Enteroendocrine cell Crypts of Lieberkühn Muscularis mucosa Lamina propria. Submucosa Submucosal Brunner's glands. 152 Duodenum Absorptive cells Brunner’s glands Goblet cells Paneth cell Enteroendocrine cell Intestinal villus  Mucus of goblet cells and the carbohydrates in the 447 Small intestine brush border are PAS positive Intestinal absorptive cell for sugars Intestinal villus Brush border Macrophages Intestinal absorptive cell Brush border Goblet cells 249 PAS Central lacteal EM 17 Basal portion of intestinal absorptive cell 1. Plasma cell 2. Lymphocyte 3. Smooth muscle 4. Intestinal absorptive cell 5. Macrophage 6. Lumen of capillary 7. Pericyte of capillary Goblet cell EM 4. Apical portion of intestinal absorptive cell 1. Microvilli of brush border 2. Droplets of goblet cell 3. Terminal web 4. Lipid in SER 5. lumen Basal portion of intestinal absorptive cell 1. Mitochondria 2. Nuclei of intestinal absorptive cell 3. Smooth muscle of muscularis mucosa 4. Basal lamina EM 4b Brush border of intestinal absorptive cells Mitochondria EM 4c Intestinal absorptive cells in cytoplasm just above the nucleus Nucleus  Epithelium Smooth muscle cells Meissner’s plexus cell bodies 32409 (Auerbach's plexus) Nerve cell bodies 152 Duodenum (small intestine) Auerbach's plexus, found in between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers in small intestine Auerbach's plexus Nerve cell bodies  148 Ileum Meissner’s plexus cell bodies in submucosa Paneth cell Submucosa Small intestinal villi 250 Argentaffin cells of Ileum, monkey Paneth cell Enteroendocrine cells also called Argentaffin cells  Compare luminal Ref code #6 surfaces of the small and large intestines small intestines large intestines Villi NO Villi Ref code #5 153 Large intestine or Colon, monkey  Esophagus Stomach Duodenum Solitary lymph follicles in the lamina propria seen throughout the GI tract help the immune system maintain a barrier between the environment and the internal milieu of the body. Other contributors include luminal epithelium, HCl in the stomach, and mucus produced my many goblet cells in the intestines. Large intestine or Colon, monkey 153 Ileum Human appendix 32412 Ref code #5 Large intestines Anal skin  In summary The digestive system functions to obtain metabolites, yet maintain a barrier between the environment and the internal milieu of the body. Many illustrations in these VIBS Histology YouTube videos were modified from the following books and sources: Many thanks to original sources! 1. Alberts, et al., 1989. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 2nd Edition. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York. ISBN 0-8240-3695-6. 2. Alberts, et al., 1994. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 3nd Edition. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York. ISBN 0-8153-1619-4. 3. Bloom, W. and Fawcett, D.W., 1968. A Textbook of Histology. 9th Edition. W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia. Library of Congress #67-17445. 4. Elias, H. et al., 1978. Histology and Human Microanatomy. A Wiley Medical Publication. John Wiley & Sons, New York. ISBN 0-471- 04929-8. 5. Eroschenko, V. 2000. Di Fiore’s Atlas of Histology with Functional Correlations. 9th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia. ISBN 0- 7817-2676-X. 6. Fawcett, D.W., 1986. Bloom and Fawcett. A Textbook of Histology. 11th Edition. W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia. ISBN 0-7216- 1729-8. 7. Fawcett, D.W., 1994. Bloom and Fawcett. A Textbook of Histology. 12th Edition. Chapman and Hall. New York. ISBN 0-412-04691-1. 8. Guyton, A.C. 1971. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 4th Edition. W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia. Library of Congress # 74- 118589. 9. Ham, A.W. 1974. Histology. 7th Edition. J.B. Lippincott Company. Philadelphia. ISBN 0-397-52062-X. 10. Ham, A.W. and Cormack, D.H. 1979. Histology. 8th Edition. J.B. Lippincott Co. Philadelphia. ISBN 0-397-52089-1. 11. Junqueria, et al., 1995. Basic Histology. 8th Edition. Appleton and Lange. Norwalk, Connecticut. ISBN 08385-0567-8. 12. Junqueira, et al., 1998. Basic Histology. 9th Edition. Appleton and Lange. Stamford, Connecticut. ISBN 0-8385-0590-2. 13. Knobil, E. et al. 1988. The Physiology of Reproduction. Volume 1. Raven Press. New York. ISBN 0-88167-281-5. 14. Langley, et al., 1974. Dynamic Anatomy and Physiology. 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. ISBN 0-07-036274-2. 15. Mescher, A.L., 2010. Junqueira’s Basic Histology Text and Atlas. 12th Edition. McGraw Hill Medical. New York. ISBN 978-0-07-160431- 4. 16. Tuttle, W.W. and Schottelius, B.A. 1969. Textbook of Physiology. 16th Edition. The C.V. Mosby Company. Saint Louis. Library of Congress # 75- 89848. 17. Varner, D. et al. 1991. Diseases and Management of Breeding Stallions. American Veterinary Publications. Goleta, California. ISBN 0- 939674-33-5. 18. Von Hagens, Gunther and A.Whalley, 2007. Body Worlds – The Anatomical Exhibition of Real Human Bodies. ISBN 978-3-937256-04-7 19. Weiss, L. 1983. Histology: Cell and Tissue Biology. 5th Edition. Elsevier Biomedical. New York. ISBN 0-444-00716-4. 20. Weiss, L. and Greep, R. 1977. Histology. 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. ISBN 0-07-069091-X. Questions on the Digestive system 1. Which of these cells is/are found both in the stomach and intestines? a. enteroendocrine (argentaffin cells) b. fibroblasts c. goblet cell d. a and b e. a, b, and c 2. The digestive system functions to obtain metabolites necessary for growth and energy needs; however, it must maintain a barrier between the environment and the internal milieu of the body. Which of the following is the least effective feature of this barrier? a. composition of saliva b. acid environment of the stomach c. large volume of mucus produced into the lumen of the large intestine d. the chylomicron fat absorption mechanism via central lacteal e. nearby and abundant immune defense structures and mechanisms  China Many illustrations in these VIBS Histology YouTube videos were modified from the following books and sources: Many thanks to original sources! Bruce Alberts, et al. 1983. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY. Bruce Alberts, et al. 1994. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY. William J. Banks, 1981. Applied Veterinary Histology. Williams and Wilkins, Los Angeles, CA. Hans Elias, et al. 1978. Histology and Human Microanatomy. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. Don W. Fawcett. 1986. Bloom and Fawcett. A textbook of histology. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA. Don W. Fawcett. 1994. Bloom and Fawcett. A textbook of histology. Chapman and Hall, New York, NY. Arthur W. Ham and David H. Cormack. 1979. Histology. J. S. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, PA. Luis C. Junqueira, et al. 1983. Basic Histology. Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, CA. L. Carlos Junqueira, et al. 1995. Basic Histology. Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT. L.L. Langley, et al. 1974. Dynamic Anatomy and Physiology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY. W.W. Tuttle and Byron A. Schottelius. 1969. Textbook of Physiology. The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis, MO. Leon Weiss. 1977. Histology Cell and Tissue Biology. Elsevier Biomedical, New York, NY. Leon Weiss and Roy O. Greep. 1977. Histology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY. Nature (http://www.nature.com), Vol. 414:88,2001. Arthur C. Guyton,1971.Textbook of Medical Physiology W.B. Saunders company, Philadelphia, PA WW Tuttle and BA Schottelius 1969 Textbook of Physiology C.V. Mosby Co. A.L. Mescher 2013 Junqueira’s Basis Histology text and atlas, 13th ed. McGraw China The end of