12th-hsc-english-yuvakbharati.pdf

Written as per the revised syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Pune. STD. XII YUVAKBHARATI...

Written as per the revised syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Pune. STD. XII YUVAKBHARATI Third Edition: February 2016 Salient Features Exhaustive coverage of syllabus in Question Answer Format. Simple and Lucid language. Covers Textual as well as Additional Questions. Paraphrases of all the poems. Adequate practice of Grammar and Vocabulary. Glossary providing meanings of difficult words. Separate Sections on Grammar and Writing Skills. Two Model Question Papers as per the latest paper pattern of State Board. Includes Board Exam Question Papers of March and October 2014, 2015 and March 2016. Printed at: Repro India Ltd., Mumbai No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher. P.O. No. 11056 10129_10322_JUP  PREFACE In the case of good books, the point is not how many of them you can get through, but rather how many can get through to you. “Std. XII : Yuvakbharati” is a complete and thorough guide critically analysed and extensively drafted to boost the student’s confidence. The book is prepared as per the Maharashtra State board syllabus and provides answers to all textual questions. Additional questions have been provided to offer an insight on the difficulty levels of various questions. Passage wise classified ‘question and answer format’ of this book will facilitate the student to understand thoroughly, the variety of passage-based questions asked in the Board exams. Every passage in this book provides adequate practice of questions as per the board exam pattern. Moreover, the glossary containing all the difficult words explained in a simple way, helps the student to grasp the lessons and poems fast and well. This book has comprehensive coverage of Vocabulary, Grammar and Compositions. Separate sections of Grammar and Writing Skills act as a rich source to improve language proficiency. The Grammar section gives a brief explanation of the concepts and provides ample practice to the student. The Writing Skills section covers a variety of ‘Writing and Composition’ questions that will benefit the student in preparing for the examinations. Model Question Papers along with marks distribution is a unique tool for the student for self assessment. The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think we’ve nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you. Please write to us on : [email protected] A book affects eternity; one can never tell where its influence stops. Best of luck to all the aspirants! Yours faithfully, Publisher PAPER PATTERN SECTION ‘A’ : Prose (Reading Skill, Grammar, Vocabulary, Note-making and Summary) Q.I. (A) A Seen extract from units 1 to 4 (around 250 words) Questions : 1 Global understanding (Skimming question) 1 Mark 1 Complex factual (Scanning question) 2 Marks 1 Inference or Interpretation 2 Marks 1 Personal response 2 Marks 3 Grammar in context 3 Marks 1 Vocabulary in context 1 Mark 11 Marks (B) Questions covering grammatical items from the syllabus not covered in 15 Marks 1 (A), 2 (A) and 3 (A) 4 Marks Q. II. (A) A Seen extract from units 5 to 8 (around 250 words) Questions as in Q. I (A) 11 Marks (B) An Unseen extract selected to form basis for note-making 15 Marks (around 200 words) (Completion exercise) 4 Marks Q. III.(A) An Unseen extract (around 250 words) Questions as in Q. I (A) and Q. II (A) 11 Marks 15 Marks (B) Summary (based on the extract in Q. III (A) (Completion task) 4 Marks SECTION ‘B’ : Poetry Q.IV. (A) An extract from poems in units 1 to 4 (8 – 10 lines) Questions: 1 Inference or interpretation 1 Mark 1 Personal response 1 Mark 1 Poetic device 1 Mark 1 Appreciation 1 Mark 4 Marks (B) An extract from poems in units 5 to 8 (8 – 10 lines) 8 Marks Questions as in Q. IV (A) 4 Marks SECTION ‘C’ : Rapid Reading and Composition Q. V. (A) A Seen extract from the Coursebook (about 250 words) 4 Marks Question : Rewrite the extract from the point of view of … 8 Marks (Composition based on the extract) (B) 1. A Seen extract from the Coursebook (about 250 words) 4 Marks Question : Convert the extract into a dialogue (About 8 sentences) OR Convert the extract into a continuous write-up (About 120 words) OR 2. A Seen extract from the Coursebook (about 150 words) Question : Extend the extract by adding a paragraph of your own (about 120 words) SECTION ‘D’ : Writing Skills Q. VI. (A) Letter writing 4 Marks Formal letter : Write an application in response to the advertisement, using information given in the CV provided OR Semi-formal letter (B) Tourist leaflet / Appeal OR 4 Marks 12 Marks Report writing including newspaper report (about 120 words) OR Dialogue writing (About 8 sentences) (C) Information transfer (Non-verbal to Verbal) (about 120 words) OR Developing a counterview (about 120 words) 4 Marks Q. VII.(A) Framing questions for an interview (8 Questions) 4 Marks 7 Marks (B) Preparing a speech (about 100 words) 3 Marks TOTAL: 80 Marks  Contents Page RAPID READING SECTION No. Topic Name No. 01 The Daisy 213 UNIT ONE: SELF 02 The Girl With An Apple 216 1.1 The Person I Am Looking For 1 03 Skeleton In The Cupboard 219 1.2 A Two-Billion-Dollar Dream 6 04 As You Like It 223 1.3 The Turning Point Of My Life 19 05 No Fear 227 To Be A Somebody, Remain A GRAMMAR 1.4 32 Nobody 01 Punctuations 231 UNIT TWO: FAMILY 02 Question Tags 233 2.1 I Ran Into A Stranger 38 03 Wh Questions 234 2.2 A Boy With A Mission 43 04 The Infinitive 235 2.3 One Full, One Half 52 05 Uses of ‘too’ and ‘enough’ 236 06 Articles 237 Who Was The Happiest Of Them 2.4 60 07 Prepositions 239 All? 08 Conjunctions 240 UNIT THREE: CITY/TOWN 09 Conditional Sentences 242 3.1 Suburbs 71 10 Prefixes And Suffixes 243 3.2 Where Have All The Birds Gone? 75 11 Modal Auxiliary 244 3.3 A Tale For Many Cities 85 12 Gerunds And Participles 245 3.4 Aamchi Mumbai & I 94 13 Tenses 246 UNIT FOUR: SOCIETY 14 Direct And Indirect Speech 249 4.1 Old Women 100 15 Active And Passive Voice 251 4.2 16 Killed In Haridwar Stampede 105 16 Subject And Predicate 253 4.3 A Yawning Divide 111 17 Types Of Sentences 254 UNIT FIVE: STATE 18 Clauses 256 5.1 The Felling Of The Banyan Tree 116 19 Figures Of Speech 259 5.2 Towards Ideal Villages 121 WRITING SKILLS 5.3 Under The Yoke 130 01 Unseen Passages 261 5.4 Realization Of A Dream 143 02 Note Making 270 UNIT SIX: NATION 03 Letter Writing 276 04 Tourist Leaflet 284 6.1 A Nation’s Strength 149 05 Appeal 289 6.2 Audience With Anant Pai 154 06 Report Writing 292 India’s Underclass Gets Upwardly 6.3 166 07 News Writing 294 Mobile 08 Information Transfer 297 UNIT SEVEN: WORLD 09 View Counterview 300 7.1 Peace Is A Woman And A Mother 173 10 Interview 303 7.2 What Would It Be Like? 177 11 Speech Writing 305 7.3 The Animal School : A Fable 185 QUESTION PAPERS UNIT EIGHT: UNIVERSE / Model Question Paper – I 308 ENVIRONMENT Model Question Paper – II 314 8.1 Concrete Jungle 190 Board Question Paper : March 2014 320 8.2 Ecowatch - “R” You Ready? 196 Board Question Paper : October 2014 328 World Population Crosses 6.5 Board Question Paper : March 2015 335 8.3 203 Billion Mark Board Question Paper :October 2015 342 8.4 Humans, Be Humane 210 Board Question Paper : March 2016 349 Note: All the Textual questions are represented by * mark 1.2 A Two‐Billion‐Dollar Dream Std. XII: English -- Fred Eckert Glossary stockbroker (noun) broker who buys and sells securities on a chaos (noun) a condition or place of stock exchange on great disorder or mess behalf of clients come to grips with understand subsidiaries (noun) companies controlled by (phrase) another customized (adjective) modified to suit a surplus (adjective) in excess of what is particular individual or needed or required task versions (noun) types or forms distinct custom-made made to a particular from their original; (adjective) customer’s order special or variant forms deadline (noun) a time limit for of something made completion of a job with a vengeance with great intensity (phrase) dormitory (noun) college hall of residence drive (noun) organized effort to Preparatory Questions achieve a particular purpose ‘Not failure! but a low aim is a crime’ is an end user (noun) person who uses a oft-quoted wise saying. particular product *1. What truth does it bring out? entrepreneurship (noun) setting up of business Ans: It brings out the truth that it is wrong to set figure out (verb) understand goals that are too simple, but there is nothing flabbergasted (verb) greatly surprised wrong in failing at something that is hard. Fortune 500 (noun) (trademark in the US) *2. Why should we not have a low aim? annual list of the five Ans: We should not have a low aim because goals hundred most profitable that can be easily achieved do not test our US industrial real potential and capabilities. corporations frantic (adjective) conducted in a hurried *3. What do you dream to be in your life? way Ans: I dream of being successful at work. My grossing (verb) totalling work should challenge my thinking and hefty mark-up (noun) large amount added to creative skills and help me grow and the cost price understand life better. imbued (verb) filled with a quality *4. What efforts will you make to fulfill your incorporated (verb) constituted; established dream? inventory (noun) quantity of goods in Ans: I will work hard and put an honest effort towards stock fulfilling my dreams. I would have ups and lease (noun) property used or downs during my journey, but I would always occupied during a period carry a positive outlook during difficult times. in exchange for rent under a contract *5. How will you react to the odds that may magnitude (noun) large size (of business) come in your way? maze (noun) network Ans: I shall face the odds that come in my way orthodontist (noun) person who is qualified head-on, with courage. I will remain fearless to treat irregularities in and persistent in my efforts. Odds are just the teeth and jaws temporary set-backs and there is always a light overheads (noun) expenses incurred in at the end of the tunnel. running a business *6. Look at the title of the text and guess what painstakingly (adverb) with great care or it could be about. trouble Ans: The title of the text suggests that it could be prospects (noun) chances; possibilities about a determined individual who has a right away (phrase) immediately dream of earning two billion dollars. 66  Chapter 1.2 : A Two‐Billion‐Dollar Dream B. Complex Factual Questions Introduction *1. How did Michael succeed in catching more The text depicts the determination of Michael fish? Dell, a hard-working American, who became the Ans: Michael painstakingly put together a trotline  fourth largest manufacturer of personal computers a maze of ropes to which several fish hooks and the youngest man ever to head a Fortune 500 could be attached. He cast this far into the corporation. His message to all of us is that we water, anchoring it to a stick, plunged deep in should at least try to realize our dream and achieve the sand. whatever we love most. After dinner, Michael reeled in his trotline and there were more fishes on the hooks than all Passage 1 the others had caught. Read the passage from line (1 to 18) on page (5) of 2. What were Michael’s achievements, when your textbook and answer the following he was just 29 years old? questions: Ans: At 29, Michael had climbed the ladder of success to become the youngest tycoon who [One afternoon………………… headed a Fortune 500 corporation. He was …………………out of the way.] the fourth-largest manufacturer of personal A. Global Understanding (Skimming) Questions computers in America. 1. Read the passage carefully and say whether C. Inference/Interpretative Type Questions the following statements about Michael Dell 1. How did Michael become the fourth-largest are true or false. Correct the false statements. manufacturer of personal computers in America and the youngest man ever to head i. Growing up in the Gulf of Mexico, Michael a Fortune 500 corporation? and his two brothers were imbued by their Ans: Michael’s attitude about trying a good idea parents with the desire to learn and the helped him become a tycoon at such a young drive to work hard. age. His desire to learn and a drive to work Ans: False: Growing up in Houston, Texas, Michael hard are also the factors that contributed to his and his two brothers were imbued by their success. parents with the desire to learn and the drive to 2. Why did Michael apply for a high-school work hard. equivalency diploma when he was just an ii. Michael Dell has become the fourth-largest eight-year-old ? manufacturer of personal computers in Ans: Michael applied for a high school equivalency America and the youngest man ever to head diploma at the age of eight years because he Fortune 500 corporation. thought it was a good idea to complete high Ans: True school, so that he could enter business early. 2. Over dinner, what did Michael Dell’s D. Personal Response Type Questions family tease him about? 1. Michael says, “If you think you have a good Ans: Over dinner, Michael’s family teased him idea, try it!” Do you agree? If yes, explain about coming empty-handed from his fishing your view in detail. expedition. Ans: Yes, I agree with Michael when he says, “If you have a good idea, try it!” As we read the *3. What does Dell fondly say about any good text, we realise that nothing would be idea? achieved if one did not try to put his ideas into Ans: Dell fondly says, “If you think you have a practice. Many great inventions wouldn’t have good idea, try it!” been possible, had people kept their great ideas to themselves and not given them a try. 4. What did Michael’s parents imbue him and his two brothers with? 2. Do you know of any other young Ans: Michael’s parents imbued him and his two entrepreneur who achieved success in life brothers with the desire to learn and the drive by following his dreams? to work hard. Ans: Bill Gates is another entrepreneur which I know of. He had an interest in software and began 5. What details does the writer give about his programming computers at the age of thirteen. family in the extract? [Mar 14 (A)] At 17 years, Gates formed a venture called Ans: Dell had two brothers. His father, Alexander Traf-O-Data with his childhood friend Paul was an orthodontist and his mother, Lorraine Allen. They sold a computer to the city of was a stockbroker. Seattle to count city traffic. 7 Std. XII: English In 1975, before graduation, Gates left Harvard v. depth vi. youth to form Microsoft. He planned to develop vii. fondness viii. goodness software for the newly emerging personal 6. Give the adjective forms of: computer market. His company Microsoft i. power ii. help became famous for their computer operating iii. desire iv. equivalency systems. Bill Gates made a fortune by Ans: i. powerful ii. helpful licensing MS DOS to IBM for their new iii. desirable iv. equivalent personal computer. On November 10, 1983, Microsoft formally F. Grammar introduced Microsoft Windows, a next- Do as Directed generation operating system. He became the 1. Over dinner his family teased young richest person in the world. He along with his Michael about coming away empty-handed. wife Melinda, formed a charity foundation to (Change the Voice) contribute towards the cure of AIDS. Ans: Young Michael was teased by his family over E. Vocabulary dinner about coming away empty-handed. 1. Give meanings of the following words/ 2. He is the youngest man ever to head phrases and make meaningful sentences Fortune 500 Corporation. with it. (Change the Degree) i. teased ii. empty-handed Ans: No man as young as him, has ever headed iii. manufacturer Fortune 500 Corporation. (Positive) Ans: i. teased: mocked, make fun of He is younger than any other man ever to The young boy was teased by his head Fortune 500 Corporation. (comparative) friends after he failed in the exams. ii. empty-handed: having achieved nothing 3. Michael kept working. He tried to catch the thieves but (Change into Negative Sentence) returned empty-handed. Ans: Michael did not stop working. iii. manufacturer: maker, producer 4. You’re wasting your time. Balarpur Industries is the largest (Add a Question Tag) manufacturer of paper in India. Ans: You’re wasting your time, aren’t you? 2. Find the words from the passage which mean: 5. It was dinner time when he finished. i. big businessman (Identify the Clause) ii. with great trouble Ans: It was dinner time – Main Clause iii. filled with a quality [Mar 14 (A)] when he finished – Subordinate Adverb iv. take hold of Clause of Time. v. specialist in straightening crooked teeth. Ans: i. tycoon ii. painstakingly 6. He has become the fourth-largest iii. imbued iv. grab manufacturer of personal computers in v. orthodontist America and the youngest man ever to head Fortune 500 corporation. 3. Find the synonyms of: (Rewrite using ‘Not only…. But also’) i. jumped ii. sameness Ans: He has not only become the fourth-largest iii. network iv. attaching manufacturer of personal computers in Ans: i. plunged ii. equivalency America but also the youngest man ever to iii. maze iv. anchoring head Fortune 500 corporation. 4. Find the antonyms of: 7. A salesman came asking to speak to i. effortlessly ii. shallow “Mr. Michael Dell”. iii. near iv. decline (Rewrite as a Compound Sentence) Ans: i. painstakingly ii. deep Ans: A salesman came and asked to speak to iii. far iv. rise “Mr. Michael Dell”. 5. Give the noun forms of: 8. He has discovered the power of another i. fished ii. discovered good idea. iii. think iv. growing (Rewrite beginning with “The power v. deep vi. young of another good idea…) vii. fond viii. good [Mar 14 (A)] Ans: i. fishing ii. discovery Ans: The power of another good idea has been iii. thought iv. growth discovered by him. 88  Chapter 1.2 : A Two‐Billion‐Dollar Dream 9. If you think you have a good idea, try it. them from dealers. He then sold these (Rewrite using ‘unless’) [Mar 14 (A)] improved models to eager buyers. Ans: Unless you think you have a good idea, do not try it. C. Inference/Interpretative Type Questions 1. How did Dell start his business of selling Passage 2 personal computers? Read the passage from line (19 to 39) on page Ans: When Dell enrolled at the University of Texas, (5, 6) of your textbook and answer the following everyone wanted a PC, but they were sold at a questions: hefty mark-up by the dealers. Dell assessed that people wanted low-cost machines to be [A few years later…………….. custom-made for their needs, which were not ……………..of a small factory.] readily available. He bought surplus stock at A. Global Understanding (Skimming) Questions cost from dealers and added features to improve their performance. He sold computers *1. Read the passage carefully and say whether at 15 percent off retail price. This helped him the following statements about Michael Dell start his own business selling PCs to are true or false. Correct the false statements. businesses, doctors’ offices and law firms. i. In high school, Michael had a job of selling newspaper subscriptions. 2. Michael Dell was hardworking and Ans: True enterprising since childhood? Explain. ii. At 29, Dell bought an expensive BMW car. Ans: At an early age, Michael Dell traded stamps Ans: False: Dell bought an expensive BMW car, and earned $2,000. He then bought his first when he was 17. personal computer with this money and took it apart to figure out how it worked. He also took 2. How did Dell succeed in earning $2000? up a high school job of selling newspaper [Mar 14 (A)] subscriptions. In this way, he created Ans: Michael Dell earned $2000 by trading stamps opportunities for himself and soon became a that he advertised in stamp magazines. young businessman. Hence, Michael Dell was 3. Which job did Michael have when he was in hardworking and enterprising since childhood. high school? D. Personal Response Type Questions Ans: Michael had a job of selling newspaper 1. What do you think you can learn from subscriptions when he was in high school. Dell’s story? [Mar 14 (A)] *4. Why was the car salesman flabbergasted? Ans: Dell’s story is very encouraging. I feel to become [Mar 14 (A)] successful we need to have a keen eye on the Ans: The car salesman was flabbergasted as 17-year opportunities and the qualities that one needs to old Michael Dell paid $18,000 cash to buy an possess to achieve something extraordinary like expensive BMW car. hardwork, quick learning attitude , ability to 5. Which university did Michael Dell enroll venture, understanding gap and trend of market himself into when he was 18 years old? for business etc. And finally, accomplishment Ans: Michael Dell enrolled himself into the comes when incessant efforts meet chance. University of Texas when he was 18 years old. E. Vocabulary B. Complex Factual Questions 1. Give meanings of the following words/ phrases *1. How did Dell as a school boy, succeed in and make meaningful sentences with it. earning $ 18,000? i. subscriptions ii. hired Ans: When Dell was in high school, he had a job of iii. enrolled selling newspaper subscriptions. He noted names Ans: i. subscription: to receive a newspaper and addresses of recent recipients of marriage / periodical for a paid amount. licences. These details he entered into his The subscription of the Times of India computer and sent personalized letters to each were being offered at discounted rates. couple offering them a free two-week ii. hired: employed, paid for services subscription. His efforts succeeded and he Wipro hired nearly 1,800 employees in earned $18,000. the year 2013. *2. What did Dell do after buying personal iii. enrolled: registered, became a member computers from dealers? Vinod got himself enrolled at the TIFR Ans: Dell added features to improve the Institute of Social Sciences for doing his performance of the computers after buying Ph.D. 9 Std. XII: English 2. Give the synonyms of: 5. Why should dealers get such a big mark-up i. discovered ii. separated for so little added value? iii. excess iv. large (Rewrite as an Assertive Sentence) Ans: i. figured ii. took apart Ans: Dealers should not get such a big mark-up for iii. surplus iv. hefty so little added value. 3. Give the antonyms of: 6. He bought the dealers’ surplus stock at i. deficit ii. buying cost. (Change the Voice) iii. donor iv. cheap Ans: The dealers’ surplus stock was bought by him Ans: i. surplus ii. selling at cost. iii. recipient iv. expensive 7. The improved models found eager buyers. 4. Give the verb forms of: (Rewrite beginning ‘ It was…’) i. recipient ii. subscription Ans: It was the improved models that found eager iii. available iv. excess buyers. Ans: i. to receive ii. to subscribe iii. to avail iv. to exceed Passage 3 5. Give the noun forms of: Read the passage from line (40 to 63) on page i. improve ii. appear (6, 7) of your textbook and answer the following iii. require iv. manufacture questions: Ans: i. improvement ii. appearance iii. requirement iv. manufacturer [During a holiday break…………….. ……………..college year arrived.] 6. Give the adjective forms of: i. value ii. need A. Global Understanding (Skimming) Questions iii. personalised iv. performance *1. Read the passage carefully and say whether Ans: i. valuable ii. needy the following statements about Michael Dell iii. personal iv. performing are true or false. Correct the false statements. 7. Find the word from the passage which mean: i. Dell’s parents told him that they were understand [Mar 14 (A)] concerned about the money he earned. Ans: figure out Ans: False: Dell’s parents told him that they were concerned about his grades. F. Grammar Do as Directed ii. Dell risked all his savings and incorporated 1. In high school Michael Dell had a job Dell Computer Corp on August 20, 1972. selling newspaper subscriptions. Ans: False: Dell risked all his savings and incorporated (Replace the underlined verb with ‘sold’.) Dell Computer Corp on May 3, 1984. Ans: In high school, Michael Dell sold newspaper 2. What did Dell confess to his parents when subscriptions. they asked him about his classes? 2. This time Dell made $18,000 and bought an Ans: Dell confessed to his parents that he was still in expensive BMW car. the computer business, when they asked him (Rewrite as a simple Sentence.) about his classes. [Mar 14 (A)] Ans: Making $18,000 this time, Dell bought an 3. What was Dell’s ambition when he was in expensive BMW car. college? Ans: When he was in college, Dell’s ambition was to 3. The car salesman was flabbergasted when start his own company and compete with IBM. the 17-year-old paid cash. (Identify the Clause) 4. How old was Dell when he incorporated Ans: The car salesman was flabbergasted  Main Dell Computer Corp? Clause Ans: Dell was 19 years old when he incorporated when the 17-year-old paid cash  Adverb Dell Computer Corp. Clause of Time B. Complex Factual Questions 4. Just about everyone on campus was talking 1. What deal did Dell make with his parents? about personal computers. Ans: Dell was still in college when he started (Rewrite as a Negative Sentence) selling computers. His parents were worried Ans: No one was talking about anything else but when he said that he wanted to quit college to personal computers on campus. start his own company and compete with IBM. 10  Chapter 1.2 : A Two‐Billion‐Dollar Dream They wanted him to get his degree, so they E. Vocabulary made a deal that over the summer vacation 1. Give meanings of the following words/ phrases Dell would try to launch his computer and make meaningful sentences with it. company and if he didn’t succeed, he would i. chaos ii. opportunity be back at the university. iii. scattered around iv. specialized Ans: i. chaos: disorder, confusion *2. How did Dell display the first ad of his There was chaos in the office after the company? fire alarm went on. Ans: Dell sketched the first ad for Dell computer on ii. opportunity: occasion, chance the back of an empty box. A friend copied this Rahul finally got the opportunity of onto paper and took it to the newspaper. going abroad for further studies. iii. scattered around: dispersed C. Inference/Interpretative Type Questions Inspite of mother’s warnings, all the things *1. Why did Dell’s father dislike his starting of in Ram’s room were scattered around. a business? iv. specialized: concentrated, got in-depth Ans: Dell was an intelligent student. His parents knowledge were concerned about his grades and wanted After completing his M.B.B.S., Amrut him to complete the degree. They were specialized in neurology. worried about him when he said that he 2. Give the synonyms of: wanted to quit college to start his own i. worried ii. earning company. When they came to know that he iii. to deal with iv. hectic wanted to compete with a huge company like Ans: i. concerned ii. grossing IBM, they became anxious. They thought this iii. to come to grips with was not a good idea, since Dell didn’t even iv. frantic have a college degree. Thus his father disliked his idea of starting a business. 3. Give the antonyms of: i. fail ii. calm 2. Why did Dell’s roommates prevent him iii. permitting iv. take apart from entering his room? Ans: i. succeed ii. frantic Ans: Dell’s roommates prevented him from iii. preventing iv. assemble entering his room because the quarter he 4. Give the noun forms of: shared with them was in complete chaos. i. piled ii. created There were boxes piled high, computer boards iii. sketched iv. arrived and tools scattered all around and they were Ans: i. pile ii. creation probably disturbed by the mess in the room. iii. sketch iv. arrival 5. Give the adjective forms of: 3. What was the role of Dell’s parents in i. chaos ii. create starting his own successful company? iii. compete iv. worry Ans: As every child needs support and guidance of v. specialise his parents every now and then, Dell’s parents Ans: i. chaotic ii. creative set a perfect example of parenting while iii. competitive iv. worrisome dealing with the uncommon talent of Dell by v. special giving him freedom to set his priorities and a 6. Find out words/phrases from the passage bout of chance to prove himself right. Dell’s which mean: parents were very patient with his aspirations i. a time limit for the completion of a job and handled it with care by giving him an ii. conducted in a hurried way opportunity to decide between college study iii. with great intensity and business. iv. large size of business D. Personal Response Type Questions Ans: i. deadline ii. frantic iii. with a vengeance iv. magnitude 1. Do you believe that success and determination are inter-related? F. Grammar Ans: Yes, I believe that we all have dreams and to Do as Directed make these dreams a reality, we need to be 1. “If you want to start a business, do it after determined in our efforts. It is important to set you get your degree,” his father pleaded. goals and with supreme determination and (Change to Indirect speech) hard work we must carry out the job on hand. Ans: Dell’s father pleaded that he should start a This is essentially the key to success. business after he has got his degree. 11 Std. XII: English 2. They wanted to know how classes were Ans: False: Ninety percent of computer technical going. (Identify the Infinitive verb.) problems, according to Dell, can be solved Ans: to know over the phone. 3. “I have to quit college,” he replied. “I want 2. Within a year, how many PCs did Dell sell to start my own company”. every month? (Change to Indirect speech) Ans: Within a year, Dell was selling 1000 PCs Ans: Dell replied that he had to quit college as he every month. wanted to start his own company. *3. How did Dell react to the situation when the 4. He would try to launch a computer manager quit? company. (Identify the Modal Auxiliary) Ans: When the manager quit, Dell handled the crisis Ans : would well by learning accounting basics himself. 5. If he didn’t succeed, it would be back to B. Complex Factual Questions university. *1. What marketing strategy did Dell apply? (Rewrite as an Affirmative Sentence) Ans: Dell gave his customers a money-back Ans: If he failed, it would be back to university. guarantee. He provided on-site services for his products to solve the problems of customers. 6. Under a deadline, his pace was frantic. In addition to it, he also introduced a 24-hour- (Rewrite as a Compound Sentence) a-day phone service where customers could Ans: He was under a deadline and his pace was frantic. talk directly with computer technicians. In this 7. He rented a one-room office and hired his way, he kept constant telephone contact with first employee to handle finance and customers and kept the company close to the administration. market. (Rewrite using ‘not only…. but also’) C. Inference/Interpretative Type Questions Ans: He not only rented a one-room office but also 1. How did Dell keep his profitability high? hired his first employee to handle finance and Ans: Dell moved to larger quarters and hired more administration. staff. The units were assembled only after 8. A friend copied it onto paper. customers phoned orders. Low inventory and (Change the Voice) overheads were maintained. Trucks delivered Ans: It was copied onto paper by a friend. the production for the day daily. In this way, Dell kept pace with other competitors and kept 9. Dell barely noticed when the new college his profitability high. year arrived. D. Personal Response Type Questions (Rewrite the sentence using the noun form of the underlined word) 1. “Every time you have a crisis, something Ans: Dell barely noticed the arrival of the new good comes out of it.” Do you agree with college year. this statement? Ans: Yes. I definitely agree with the above Passage 4 statement. In crisis, we learn to handle the situation and this makes us more confident. It Read the passage from line (64 to 79) on page makes us walk out of our comfort level and (7) of your textbook and answer the following move on to the next echelon of progress, as we questions: learn to try and improve the situation by all [Within a year,…………… means. The experience of a crisis helps ……………..Dell says] develop our skills. A. Global Understanding (Skimming) Questions 2. How important is customer satisfaction for 1. Read the passage carefully and say whether the growth of any company? Explain your the following statements about Michael Dell point of view. are true or false. Correct the false Ans: Customer satisfaction is very important for the statements. growth of any company because if the *i. Dell introduced a 24-hour-a-day phone customer is satisfied, the company is able to service for customers to talk directly with generate more profit as it retains existing computer technicians. business (customers) and good reputation of a Ans: True company constantly increases the number of customers. Companies spend a lot of money ii. According to Dell, technical computer on advertisement but a satisfied customer problems cannot be solved over the phone. guarantees business development. 12  Chapter 1.2 : A Two‐Billion‐Dollar Dream E. Vocabulary 3. The staff assembled the units. 1. Give meanings of the following words/ (Change the Voice) phrases and make meaningful sentences Ans: The units were assembled by the staff. with it. 4. Parts were ordered only as needed. i. profitable ii. invaluable (Change the Voice) iii. to keep pace iv. experience Ans: One ordered parts only as needed. Ans: i. profitable: lucrative, rewarding The hotel business set up by Raj last 5. From necessity, he learned accounting year became very profitable. basics. (Rewrite using ‘because’) ii. invaluable: priceless Ans: Because it was necessary, he learned accounting basics. Memories are invaluable in every person’s life. 6. Unlike other manufacturers, Dell gave his iii. to keep pace: to develop in the same customers money-back guarantees. manner as (Rewrite as a Negative Sentence) Samsung launched new models of cell Ans: Dell was not like other manufacturers, and phones to keep pace with its gave his customers money-back guarantees. competitors. 7. Dell guaranteed next-day on-site service for iv. experience: practical wisdom gained his products. (Add a Question Tag) through observation Ans: Dell guaranteed next-day on-site service for Experience is a man’s best teacher. his products, didn’t he? 2. Find the synonyms of: 8. Ninety percent of computer technical i. emergency ii. bigger problems can be solved over the telephone. iii. clients iv. necessary (Frame a Wh-question to get the Ans: i. crisis ii. larger underlined part as the answer.) iii. customers iv. necessity Ans: What can be solved over the telephone? 3. Give the verb forms of: Passage 5 i. production ii. delivery iii. necessity iv. service Read the passage from line (80 to 93) on page Ans: i. produce ii. deliver (7) of your textbook and answer the following iii. necessitate iv. servicing questions: [By the day………….… 4. Give the noun forms of: …………..love to achieve] i. realize ii. introduced iii. productive iv. necessary A. Global Understanding (Skimming) Questions Ans: i. realization ii. introduction *1. Read the passage carefully and say whether iii. production iv. necessity the following statements about Michael Dell are true or false. Correct the false 5. Give the antonyms of: statements. i. incompetent ii. took apart i. Dell’s company has revenues of over $2 iii. worthless iv. joined billion. Ans: i. efficient ii. assembled Ans: True iii. invaluable iv. quit ii. He also regularly lectures on surgery to F. Grammar medical students at the University of Texas. Do as Directed Ans: False: He regularly lectures on 1. Within a year, he was selling 1000 PCs a entrepreneurship to MBA students at the month. (Identify the Clauses) University of Texas. Ans: he was selling 1000 PCs a month – Main iii. His dream was to become the world’s Clause largest personal-computer maker. Within a year – Subordinate Adverb Clause of Ans: True Time *2. How does Dell Computer Company 2. To keep pace, Dell moved to larger quarters encourage greater productivity? and hired more staff. Ans: Dell Computer Company encourages greater (Rewrite using “not only….. but also”) productivity by giving its employees awards Ans: To keep pace, Dell not only moved to larger for ideas that are worth trying, even if they quarters, but also hired more staff. don’t work out. 13 Std. XII: English *3. What is Dell’s message to us? 2. Find from the passage words/phrases which Ans: Dell’s message to us all is that we must at mean: least try to realise our dream, what deep down i. companies controlled by another we would truly love to achieve. ii. not true Ans: i. subsidiaries ii. unrealistic B. Complex Factual Questions *1. What is the present status of Dell 3. Give the noun forms of: Computer? i. improved ii. encourage iii. achieve iv. selling Ans: Presently, Dell Computer has wholly owned Ans: i. improvement subsidiaries in 16 countries, including Japan. The company has revenues of over $2 billion, ii. encouragement employs some 5,500 persons and Dell’s iii. achievement iv. Sale personal fortune is between $250 million and 4. Give the antonyms of: $300 million. i. buying ii. partially iii. failure iv. realistic C. Inference/Interpretative Type Questions Ans: i. selling ii. wholly *1. What personal qualities helped Dell fulfill iii. success iv. unrealistic his dream? Ans: Hard-work, determination, ambition, an 5. Give the synonyms of: understanding of the customers’ needs, i. adaptation ii. income promptness, a do-not-die attitude, ability to iii. hushed iv. impractical handle crisis and his fortitude to achieve his Ans: i. version ii. revenue dream are some of the personal qualities that iii. quiet iv. unrealistic helped Dell fulfill his dream. F. Grammar D. Personal Response Type Questions Do as Directed *1. What, do you think, you can learn from 1. Dell Computer gives its employees awards Dell’s story? for ideas worth trying. (Change the Voice) Ans: It is possible to realize your dream with hard Ans: Awards are given to its employees by Dell work, determination and the desire to succeed. Computer for ideas worth trying. People around might find our dreams and ambitions impractical, but we shouldn’t be 2. That’s good for the consumer. disheartened. We should pursue our dreams (Change into Negative Sentence) with full determination. This is the lesson we Ans: That’s not bad for the consumer. all learn from Dell’s story. 3. His charity is generous but quiet. 2. Do you think competition is good for the (Add a Question Tag) consumer? How? Ans: His charity is generous but quiet, isn’t it? Ans: Yes, competition is good for the consumer as 4. He was unrealistic, they said. it gives the consumer more choices, the cost of (Identify the Clauses) the product is competitive with an emphasis Ans: they said – Main Clause on good quality and constant innovation. He was unrealistic – Subordinate Adjective E. Vocabulary Clause 5. Why would anyone want to be second or 1. Give meanings of the following words/ third or tenth? phrases and make meaningful sentences (Rewrite as an Assertive Sentence) with it. Ans: No one would want to be second or third or i. productivity ii. competitive tenth. iii. dream Ans: i. productivity: output, production Language Study : Vocabulary An increase in demand for commodities Abbreviations encourages greater productivity. ii. competitive: cut-throat, aggressive Abbreviations are the shortened forms of long words A competitive market is the one which usually used as a space-saving technique. They are has many buyers and sellers. becoming increasingly common in modern usage. iii. dream: aspiration, ambition Examples: One must always chase one’s dream, no P.C.  Personal Computer matter how difficult it might be. U.K.  United Kingdom 14  Chapter 1.2 : A Two‐Billion‐Dollar Dream 1. Write down the full forms of the following *1. Find the meaning of the following idiomatic abbreviations. expressions: *i. GMT *ii. UNO i. to kick the bucket *iii. PTO *iv. MLA Ans: to die *v. UGC *vi. NCC ii. a dead end vii. IBM viii. MBA Ans: a situation in which no progress can be ix. BBC x. CID made Ans: i. Greenwich Mean Time ii. United Nations Organization iii. to make an ass of oneself iii. Please Turn Over Ans: to do or say something foolish or absurd iv. Member of Legislative Assembly iv. to let the cat out of the bag v. University Grants Commission Ans: to reveal or tell a secret carelessly vi. National Cadet Corps vii. International Business Machines v. a feather in one’s cap viii. Master of Business Administration Ans: an achievement or an act of credit ix. British Broadcasting Corporation vi. to get the sack x. Criminal Investigation Department Ans: to be told to leave the job Acronyms vii. to turn the tables on Acronyms are formed from the initial letters of Ans: to change a situation to our advantage several words. They are pronounced as words rather Compounds (Noun and Adjective compounds) than just a series of letters. They are also written with capital letters and carry no A compound is a word formed by combination of full stops. two or more words. There are three forms of compound words: Examples: i. The closed form WHO  World Health Organization In this form, the word is written as one NASA  National Aeronautics and Space single word. Administration Examples: mouthpiece, daydreaming *1. Write down the full forms of the following ii. The hyphenated form Acronyms. In this, the word is joined by a hyphen. i. UNESCO ii. SAARC Examples: aural-oral, ice-cold iii. CRY iv. AIDS v. UNICEF iii. The open form Ans: i. United Nations Educational, Scientific In this, the words are written as separate and Cultural Organization words. ii. South Asian Association for Regional Examples: smart card, junk food Co-operation Noun Compounds iii. Child Relief and You When a noun is linked to another word to form one iv. Acquired Immuno Deficiency word, they are Noun Compounds. Syndrome v. United Nations International Children’s Examples: Emergency Fund i. Computer business (noun + noun) Idiomatic Expressions ii. custom made An idiom is a sequence of words, which when taken (noun + verb) together, mean something different from the Adjective Compounds individual words of the idiom when they stand alone. When an adjective is linked to another word to Examples: form a word, they are Adjective compounds. i. Everyone else was ready to call it a day. call it a day = stop doing something Examples: ii. That has helped him rise in just a few years i. Personal Computer from teen to tycoon. (adjective + noun) from teen to tycoon = from a teenager to a ii. empty handed wealthy businessman (adjective + verb) 15 Std. XII: English *1. Find out other examples of Noun and Indefinite Article ‘an’: Adjective compounds from the text. i. ‘an’ is used before a singular common noun Ans: beginning with a vowel sound. Noun Compounds Adjective Compounds Example: trotline empty-handed an idea dinner time high school ii. ‘an’ is also used before words like hour, saleswoman best prospects honest, etc. Although these words begin fish hooks personalized letter with consonant letter, they are pronounced stockbroker low-cost from the vowel sound. newspaper subscriptions monthly quota Definite Article ‘the’: marriage licences surplus stock i. ‘the’ is used before the names of unique custom-made small factory objects, directions, geographical stamp magazines one-room phenomena, group of nations, nationalities, holiday break one month musical instruments, superlatives, ordinal lifetime stripped-down numbers, holy books etc. roommates empty box Example: computer boards first-month The Himalayas computer business larger quarters *1. Read the extract about the geographical accounting basics greater productivity description of Britain. Add ‘the’ in 17 money-back overheads places in the extract. computer technicians personal fortune United Kingdom is an island surrounded by phone service improved versions English channel, Atlantic, Irish Sea and Understanding meaning from the context North Sea. It is made up of four regions: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Look at the following word taken from the text: Ireland, and although London is capital of ‘trotline’ whole country, each region has its own The meaning of the word ‘trotline’ is in the context capital city (London, Edinburgh, Cardiff itself, i.e. a maze of ropes to which several fish and Belfast). Best-known rivers are: hooks could be attached. Thames, Severn, Humber and Mersey. Highest mountains in United Kingdom are *1. Find one more such example from the text, found in Scotland (Grampians) and North whose meaning you can understand from Wales (Cambrian Mountains), while the description given in the context. England’s major range is called Pennies. Ans: chaos  boxes piled high, computer boards English is spoken everywhere in Britain. and tools scattered around. Ans: The United Kingdom is an island surrounded Grammar by the English channel, the Atlantic, the Irish Sea and the North Sea. It is made up of four Articles regions: England, Scotland, Wales and The article ‘a’ and ‘an’ are Indefinite Articles, Northern Ireland, and although London is the whereas the article ‘the’ is the Definite Article. capital of the whole country, each region has Indefinite Article ‘a’: its own capital city (London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast). The best-known rivers i. ‘a’ is used before a singular common noun are: The Thames, the Severn, the Humber and beginning with a consonant sound. the Mersey. The highest mountains in the Example: United Kingdom are found in Scotland (the a good idea Grampians) and North Wales (the Cambrian ii. ‘a’ is also used before words like university, Mountains), while England’s major range is union etc. Although these words begin with a called the Pennies. English is spoken vowel, they have a consonant sound in them. everywhere in Britain. 16  Chapter 1.2 : A Two‐Billion‐Dollar Dream Prepositions Body : Dr. Vijay Bhatkar, a computer scientist, is the creator of India’s A preposition is a word placed before a noun to indigenous super computer. He is indicate a relationship such as time (duration), widely recognized for his noteworthy place (position) or movement (direction). contribution in bringing ICT to the *1. Read the extract and identify the masses. prepositions in it and state what they He was born on 11th October, 1946 in express in the given sentences: Muramba in Akola district to a highly educated couple. He completed his Pune city recorded 41.8 mm rain in the three schooling in Murtijapur in a school hours between 5:30 pm and 8:30 pm on established by Sant Gadgebaba. He Saturday. Most of the showers occurred in the was in the merit list of the board 30-minute spell that started around 7 pm. exams. At the age of 18, he acquired Scattered rains occurred at a few places in his degree in engineering. Thereafter, Konkan and Goa. A trough extending to the he completed his M.Tech. from the Lakshadweep area persists across south-west Sayajirao University in Baroda and Bay of Bengal. Similar rains also occurred in later got his Ph.D from the Indian Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. Institute of Technology, Delhi at the Line No. Preposition Expresses age of 26. 1 in time Dr. K. R. Narayanan had suggested the name of Dr. Bhatkar for realizing 2 between time the dream of the late Prime Minister 2 on time of India, Rajiv Gandhi, of 3 in time indigenously building a 4 around time supercomputer. Dr. Bhatkar did not 5 at place let him down. He founded the Centre 5 in place of Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC) and then 6 to direction developed Param, India’s first 7 across direction supercomputer. 8 in place He has worked for many years in the Extension electronics domain. As the Director of Celtron, he computerized various *1. You probably have heard about the success projects such as; the Kolkata metro stories of Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, Dr. Vijay project, traffic management in metros, Bhatkar and Sam Pitroda. defence projects for the Defence, Prepare a project report with as much electricity control etc. He was also a information as possible with illustrations member of the scientific advisory about any one of them. committee for the Central Use the following outline: Government. Later, at CDAC, he i. catchy title ii. theme helped develop GIST, the multilingual iii. purpose iv. main body technology software which is used in various Indian languages. v. conclusion He has received many awards at the Ans: national and the international levels. Title : Dr. Vijay Bhatkar  The architect of He was awarded the Padmashri by India’s Information Technological the Central Government and the revolution. Maharashtra Bhushan by the Theme : Dr. Vijay Bhatkar’s contribution to Maharashtra Government. He has India’s national initiative in written more than seventy research supercomputing and his work papers and has authored eight thereafter. books. Purpose : To know how this famous person has Conclusion : Dr. Bhatkar’s contribution to handled the crisis in his life and Information Technology has placed pursued such an engaging career. To him among the star pioneers, who give the reader an insight and have shaped India’s IT industry. He inspiration to find success in one’s is a role model for the youth of own life. India. 17  Contents Page RAPID READING SECTION No. Topic Name No. 01 The Daisy 213 UNIT ONE: SELF 02 The Girl With An Apple 216 1.1 The Person I Am Looking For 1 03 Skeleton In The Cupboard 219 1.2 A Two-Billion-Dollar Dream 6 04 As You Like It 223 1.3 The Turning Point Of My Life 19 05 No Fear 227 To Be A Somebody, Remain A GRAMMAR 1.4 32 Nobody 01 Punctuations 231 UNIT TWO: FAMILY 02 Question Tags 233 2.1 I Ran Into A Stranger 38 03 Wh Questions 234 2.2 A Boy With A Mission 43 04 The Infinitive 235 2.3 One Full, One Half 52 05 Uses of ‘too’ and ‘enough’ 236 06 Articles 237 Who Was The Happiest Of Them 2.4 60 07 Prepositions 239 All? 08 Conjunctions 240 UNIT THREE: CITY/TOWN 09 Conditional Sentences 242 3.1 Suburbs 71 10 Prefixes And Suffixes 243 3.2 Where Have All The Birds Gone? 75 11 Modal Auxiliary 244 3.3 A Tale For Many Cities 85 12 Gerunds And Participles 245 3.4 Aamchi Mumbai & I 94 13 Tenses 246 UNIT FOUR: SOCIETY 14 Direct And Indirect Speech 249 4.1 Old Women 100 15 Active And Passive Voice 251 4.2 16 Killed In Haridwar Stampede 105 16 Subject And Predicate 253 4.3 A Yawning Divide 111 17 Types Of Sentences 254 UNIT FIVE: STATE 18 Clauses 256 5.1 The Felling Of The Banyan Tree 116 19 Figures Of Speech 259 5.2 Towards Ideal Villages 121 WRITING SKILLS 5.3 Under The Yoke 130 01 Unseen Passages 261 5.4 Realization Of A Dream 143 02 Note Making 270 UNIT SIX: NATION 03 Letter Writing 276 04 Tourist Leaflet 284 6.1 A Nation’s Strength 149 05 Appeal 289 6.2 Audience With Anant Pai 154 06 Report Writing 292 India’s Underclass Gets Upwardly 6.3 166 07 News Writing 294 Mobile 08 Information Transfer 297 UNIT SEVEN: WORLD 09 View Counterview 300 7.1 Peace Is A Woman And A Mother 173 10 Interview 303 7.2 What Would It Be Like? 177 11 Speech Writing 305 7.3 The Animal School : A Fable 185 QUESTION PAPERS UNIT EIGHT: UNIVERSE / Model Question Paper – I 308 ENVIRONMENT Model Question Paper – II 314 8.1 Concrete Jungle 190 Board Question Paper : March 2014 320 8.2 Ecowatch - “R” You Ready? 196 Board Question Paper : October 2014 328 World Population Crosses 6.5 Board Question Paper : March 2015 335 8.3 203 Billion Mark Board Question Paper :October 2015 342 8.4 Humans, Be Humane 210 Board Question Paper : March 2016 349 Note: All the Textual questions are represented by * mark Std. XII: English *2. In Michael Dell’s success story from teen Opportunities : Classes at school help to to tycoon, we come across his great provide experience and business skills through which he achieved education about the industry. perfection and excellence in his work. Threats : In-experience and hands-on Based on this theme, prepare a write-up problem solving for your school/college wall-paper or opportunities not possible magazine on Michael Dell. until I get my college degree. Ans: Ways to overcome the odds: Stories about how an entrepreneur launched With intensive educational opportunities, I will push his business are always fun, but it is rare when an myself to learn the tricks of the trade. This will entrepreneur is as successful as Michael Dell, the enable me to prepare a business plan overcome the founder and CEO of Dell Computers. odds. How did he do it? Michael Dell was a visionary who focused on doing business, more than just making money. He had a great interest in computers and that became his business. He revolutionized the market by building computers according to the customer’s order, not because he saw an opportunity, but because he didn’t have the capital for mass production. As he started making money, he expanded his business of customized computers. He learned from his mistakes quickly and came up with innovative solutions. He had faith in his skills and knowledge. He worked extremely hard to make his dream come true. His team shared their wisdom and Dell rewarded them generously for their ideas and efforts. He never assumed that he was the sole contender for his success. He surrounded himself with talented people who offered great new ideas. Dell with his winning attitude is a role model for all of us. He sends out a very strong message: “Why not at least try to realise your dream, what deep down you would truly love to achieve?” *3. ‘Quality Control’ is a key word in the modern business world. Employees are asked to apply SWOT analysis technique. S = know your strength, W = know your weaknesses, O = know the possible opportunity, T = know about the possible threats, means odds or problems. Decide what you dream to be in your life. Apply the SWOT technique and write in brief about the SWOT related to your dream career. Include ways to overcome the odds. Ans: My Dream Career : To own a car business Strengths : Passionate about cars and quick learner. Will get a degree in automobile engineering. Weaknesses : Upset when something does not turn out the way I have tried to. 18