BPSC Daily Class Notes - Bihar Special - Multipurpose Projects of Bihar PDF

1 DAILY CLASS NOTES BPSC (Bilingual) Batch BIHAR SPECIAL Lecture – 10 Multipurpose Projects of Bihar BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 1 ...

1 DAILY CLASS NOTES BPSC (Bilingual) Batch BIHAR SPECIAL Lecture – 10 Multipurpose Projects of Bihar BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 1  2 Multipurpose Projects of Bihar Multipurpose projects in Bihar Three multipurpose projects have been constructed in Bihar for water management. These projects target flood control, irrigation management, water conservation, tourism, energy generation etc. ❖ Son river multipurpose project: This project is the oldest and first river valley project in Bihar. Two canals have been taken out from both the bank by constructing a dam on the Son river near Barun in Dehri. Eastern Son Canal: Irrigated districts are Aurangabad, Gaya, Jehanabad, Arwal, Patna. Western Son Canal: Irrigated states are Bhojpur, Buxar, Rohtas, Kaimur etc. ❖ Two hydropower stations have also been constructed. First is Dehri hydropower station (6.6 Megawatt) and Barun hydropower station (4.5 Megawatt). Gandak Multipurpose Project ❖ The Gandak river project is a joint project of India and Nepal. ❖ It benefits UP, Bihar and Nepal. ❖ An agreement was signed with Nepal in 1959 for this project. On this project a reservoir has been constructed near Bhaisa lotan at the Indo-Nepal Border. ❖ The dam is constructed near Triveni (Walmiki Nagar). Two canals taken out from the Gandak project. ❖ Eastern Canal, which is divided into three parts first is Tirhut, Second is Triveni and third is Don. ❖ Western Canal originates from the reservoir. Apart from irrigation in Nepal, it irrigates Gorakhpur, Deoria in UP Siwan and Saran in Bihar. BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 2  3 ❖ Tirhut Triveni and Don canal irrigate West Champaran, East Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, etc. ❖ Under this project a 15 Megawatt hydroelectric station is installed in the eastern canal also a similar power station is built on the Western Canal. Koshi Multipurpose Project ❖ The Koshi project is a joint venture between India and Nepal. ❖ This project was established in 1953 AD and was implemented in 1954 AD. ❖ Under this project a reservoir has been constructed in Nepal by constructing Hanuman Nagar dam. ❖ This project was completed in 1963. ❖ Two canals have been built; one is the Eastern Canal, which irrigates Supaul, Araria, Purnia. Second one is Western Koshi Canal, which irrigates Darbhanga, Madhubani, Begusarai, Samastipur etc. Koshi-Mechi Interlink ❖ The Patna High court has directed the centre and Bihar Government to set up Koshi development authority and interlink Koshi and Mechi river to tackle annual fllod. ❖ Koshi Mechi project is designed to divert part of Koshi river surplus water to the Mechi river in the Mahananda basin (using Hanuman Nagar barrage - 117Km long canal). The Koshi Mechi link will benefit Araria, Kishanganj, Purnia and Katihar. The funding of project between centre and Bihar government is 60:40. ❖ Mechi River: Origin is Mahabharat range Nepal. It flows through Nepal and forms the boundary between India and Nepal. And flows through the Indian state Bihar to join Mahananda in Kishanganj. It is tributary of Mahananda river. BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 3  4 Important Waterfalls ❖ Kakolat Waterfall: located in Nawada, The fall is about 150 to 160 feet, from the ground level. A fair is held during Chaitra sankranti. ❖ Karakat Waterfall: Kaimur District, 150 feet tall. The Kaimur wildlife sanctuary is situated near the fall. ❖ Telhar Waterfall: Located in Kaimur, 262 feet tall. Swimming is prohibited. ❖ Dhuan Kund Waterfall: Located near Sasaram, Rohtas, with a height of 30 meters on the Kao River. ❖ Majharkund Waterfall: Located in Kaimur, on the Karmanasha River. ❖ Durgawati Waterfall: The highest waterfall in Rohtas, 298 feet tall, also known as Khadarkoh Waterfall. ❖ Devdari Waterfall: Located on the Karmanasha River, in Rohtas district, with a height of 190 feet. ❖ Karmanasha Waterfall: Located in Buxar. ❖ Jiarkund Waterfall: Located in Bhojpur. Lakes in Bihar ❖ Kanwar Lake: Located in Begusarai, it is Asia's largest freshwater oxbow lake, formed by the meandering of the Budhi Gandak river. It is Bihar’s first Ramsar site and a reserved area. Approximately 110 types of bird species are found here. ❖ Simri Lake: Located 25 km from Saharsa in Saharsa district, shaped like a horseshoe. ❖ Gogabil Lake: Located in Manihari subdivision of Katihar district, also known as Ghoghachap, it spreads over 5 square km and receives water from the monsoon and Mahananda river. It is visited by 300 types of migratory birds. BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 4  5 ❖ Kusheshwar Asthan Lake: Spreads over 100 square km, located in Darbhanga. It was declared a bird sanctuary in 1972. ❖ Udaypur Lake: Also known as "Saraiya Man," it is a famous tourist spot in West Champaran. ❖ Muchilinda Lake: Located in Gaya district, where Buddha meditated. ❖ Anupam Lake: Located in Kaimur, near Karakat and Telhar waterfalls, known for rich flora and fauna. ❖ Ghoda Katora Lake: Located in Rajgir. ❖ Jagatpur Lake: Located in Bhagalpur. ❖ Moti Jhil: Located in Motihari. ❖ Pipra Man: Located in Motihari. Important canals of Bihar ❖ Triveni Canal: Connected to the Gandak River. ❖ Tirhut Canal: Connected to the Gandak River; irrigates West Champaran, East Champaran, Muzaffarpur, and Vaishali. ❖ Don Canal: Connected to the Gandak River. ❖ East Koshi Canal: Connected to the Koshi River; irrigates Araria, Supaul, and Purnia. ❖ West Koshi Canal: Connected to the Koshi River; irrigates Darbhanga and Madhubani. ❖ Rajpur Canal: Connected to the Koshi River; irrigates Saharsa, Madhepura, and Begusarai  PW Web/App: https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4 BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 5  1 DAILY CLASS NOTES BPSC (Bilingual) Batch BIHAR SPECIAL Lecture – 11 Climate of Bihar BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 6  2 Climate of Bihar Important Waterfalls ❖ Kakolat Waterfall: located in Nawada, The fall is about 150 to 160 feet, from the ground level. A fair is held during Makar sankranti. ❖ Karakat Waterfall: Kaimur District, 150 feet tall. The Kaimur wildlife sanctuary is situated near the fall. ❖ Telhar Waterfall: Located in Kaimur, 262 feet tall. Swimming is prohibited. ❖ Dhuan Kund Waterfall: Located near Sasaram, Rohtas, with a height of 30 meters on the Kao River. ❖ Majharkund Waterfall: Located in Kaimur, on the Karmanasha River. ❖ Durgawati Waterfall: The highest waterfall in Rohtas, 298 feet tall, also known as Khadarkoh Waterfall. ❖ Devdari Waterfall: Located on the Karmanasha River, in Rohtas district, with a height of 190 feet. ❖ Karmanasha Waterfall: Located in Buxar. ❖ Jiarkund Waterfall: Located in Bhojpur. Lakes in Bihar ❖ Kanwar Lake: Located in Begusarai, it is Asia's largest freshwater oxbow lake, formed by the meandering of the Budhi Gandak river. It is Bihar’s first Ramsar site and a reserved area. Approximately 110 types of bird species are found here. ❖ Simri Lake: Located 25 km from Saharsa in Saharsa district, shaped like a horseshoe. ❖ Gogabil Lake: Located in Manihari subdivision of Katihar district, also known as Ghoghachap, it spreads over 5 square km and receives water from the monsoon and Mahananda river. It is visited by 300 types of migratory birds. ❖ Kusheshwar Asthan Lake: Spreads over 100 square km, located in Darbhanga. It was declared a bird sanctuary in 1972. ❖ Udaypur Lake: Also known as "Saraiya Man," it is a famous tourist spot in West Champaran. BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 7  3 Lake District Kanwar Lake Begusarai Gogabil/Ghogha Lake Katihar Kusheshwar Lake Darbhanga Ghora katora lake Rajgir Anupam Lake Kaimur Simri Lake Saharsa Jagatpur Lake Bhagalpur Moti lake Motihari (East Champaran) Saraiya Lake Bettiah (West Champaran) Pipra Lake Motihari (East Champaran) Muchilinda Lake: Located in Gaya district, where Buddha meditated. ❖ Anupam Lake: Located in Kaimur, near Karakat and Telhar waterfalls, known for rich flora and fauna. ❖ Ghoda Katora Lake: Located in Rajgir. ❖ Jagatpur Lake: Located in Bhagalpur. ❖ Moti Jhil: Located in Motihari. ❖ Pipra Man: Located in Motihari. Lakes: Challenges ❖ Pollution- Industrial waste, Sewage BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 8  4 ❖ Deforestation ❖ Overfishing :- Depletion of fish Population ❖ Climate Change:- Rainfall pattern change- Amount of Water in lake (change) Climate of Bihar :- ❖ The long-term average weather conditions of an area are called climate. The climate of Bihar is subtropical/monsoon climate. ❖ Factors affecting the climate of Bihar:- ❖ latitudinal position ❖ Presence of Himalayan Mountains in the North ❖ Distance from Bay of Bengal ❖ Relief ❖ Effect of monsoon Climate Area Indicators Copenhagen North Bihar Cwg southern bihar Aw Trewartha North Bihar Caw southern bihar Aw Thornthwaite North Western Narrow Bihar CB’w rest of bihar CA’W  PW Web/App: https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4 BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 9  1 DAILY CLASS NOTES BPSC (Bilingual) Batch BIHAR SPECIAL Lecture – 12 Soil of Bihar BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 10  2 Soil of Bihar Climate of Bihar :- ❖ The long-term average weather conditions of an area are called climate. The climate of Bihar is subtropical/monsoon climate. ❖ Factors affecting the climate of Bihar:- latitudinal position Presence of Himalayan Mountains in the North Distance from Bay of Bengal Relief Effect of monsoon Climate Area Indicators Copenhagen North Bihar Cwg southern bihar Aw Trewartha North Bihar Caw southern bihar Aw Thornthwaite North Western Narrow Bihar CB’w rest of bihar CA’W Generally there are three seasons in Bihar:- ❖ Summer Season :- When the Sun is in the state of Uttarayan, the air pressure starts decreasing due to increase in temperature. This is the situation from March to mid-June. In this season, hot winds blow in western and central Bihar which are called 'Loo'. The temperature in this season is 32 degrees Celsius. The hottest place is Gaya. Before the arrival of monsoon, Bihar receives rainfall due to tropical cyclones coming from the Bay of Bengal, which is called nor'wester or Kaal Vaishakhi. BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 11  3 ❖ Rainy Season :- The time between mid-June to mid-October is known as the rainy season in Bihar. Monsoon enters Bihar in mid-June. Bihar receives more rainfall in July and August. The average rainfall in Bihar is 112 cm. Here the highest rainfall is in Kishanganj district (205 cm) and the least rainfall is in Aurangabad district (101 cm). Bihar receives maximum rainfall from the Bay of Bengal branch of the south- west monsoon. The northern part of Bihar receives more rainfall, due to which northern Bihar is affected by floods and some parts of southern Bihar are affected by drought. ❖ Winter season :- Its period is from mid-October to February. With the return of monsoon, winter season begins in Bihar. The months of December and January are the coldest in Bihar. Gaya is the coldest district of Bihar. Due to the temperate cyclone coming from the Mediterranean Sea from December - January, western and central Bihar have a mild year. This year is beneficial for Rabi crops. Extreme cold is very beneficial for the Rabi crop in Bihar.  PW Web/App: https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4 BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 12  1 DAILY CLASS NOTES BPSC (Bilingual) Batch BIHAR SPECIAL Lecture – 13 Soil of Bihar Part-2 BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 13  2 Soil of Bihar Part-2 Soil of Bihar:- ❖ The coarse, medium and fine organic and inorganic mixed particles spread over the upper surface of the earth are called soil. ❖ Soil is formed as a result of the breakdown of rocks and physical and chemical changes in them. Soil of northern Bihar Soil of southern Bihar Mountain soil Pond soil Lowland soil Edge soil Old alluvial soil Old alluvial (karel-only) soil New alluvial soil Red yellow (balthar) soil Loamy soil ❖ North Bihar:- Mountainous or hilly area:- ✓ Mountain soil ✓ Lowland soil Northern plains:- ✓ Old alluvial soil ✓ New alluvial soil ❖ Southern Bihar:- Southern Plains:- ✓ Karel – soil only (old alluvium) ✓ Postpone ✓ Balthar (red-yellow soil) ✓ Edge Southern Plateau:- ✓ Red and yellow soil ✓ Red sandy soil of Kaimur Hills BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 14  3 Soils of North Bihar:- ❖ Piedmont Swamp soil:- It is also called mountainous or residual soil. This soil is found around the Someshwar range in the north-western part of West Champaran. Organic matter predominates in this soil. Due to more rainfall in this area, more moisture is found in the soil and it is more fertile. This soil is mainly suitable for the cultivation of paddy and sugarcane. ❖ Terai soil:- It has been formed from the sediments brought by the Himalayan rivers. This soil extends in a 5 to 7-kilometer wide strip on the northern border of Bihar from Champaran in the west to Kishanganj in the east. Its width in Kishanganj is more than 50 kilometers. The nature of this soil is acidic. In this, two paddy crops, Bhadai and Aghani, are grown. In some places, more quantity of gravel and sand are found in this soil and in many places, marshy land has developed. This soil is light brown or yellow in color. This soil is suitable for the cultivation of paddy, jute and sugarcane. ❖ New alluvial (khadar) soil:- Khadar soil is formed from the sediments brought every year by rivers. This soil is spread in the lower valley of rivers like Ganga, Gandak, Budhi Gandak, Kosi, Mahananda etc. The color of this soil is dark brown and it is dominated by sand and clay. Nitrogen deficiency is found in this soil. This soil is highly fertile and with adequate irrigation, the yield of paddy, wheat, millet, etc. is good. It is found in areas like Saran, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, Samastipur, Saharsa, Khagaria, Madhepura, etc. of Bihar. BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 15  4 ❖ Old alluvial soil:- This soil develops in those areas where flood water does not reach every year. This soil is mainly spread in the Ghaghra-Gandak Doab and the western part of Budhi Gandak. In some areas, it is also called loamy soil. It extends to areas like Purnia, Saharsa, Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur etc. This soil is also called Balasundari soil. ❖ Loamy soil:- Loamy soil is found in Saran, Muzaffarpur, Vaishali etc. This soil is useful for litchi cultivation. Mainly it is found somewhere in the north-western part of Bihar.  PW Web/App: https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4 BPSC (Bilingual) Batch 16