1060W1.Introduction NC(1) - Tagged.pdf

Welcome to Pharmacology Fundamentals NURS 1060 COURSE OUTCOME  Describe principles of safe, patient-centered, evidence- based nursing care to adults at the basic level, guided by the Caritas philosophy.  Explain the professional, ethical, and legal guidelin...

Welcome to Pharmacology Fundamentals NURS 1060 COURSE OUTCOME  Describe principles of safe, patient-centered, evidence- based nursing care to adults at the basic level, guided by the Caritas philosophy.  Explain the professional, ethical, and legal guidelines used in nursing practice. COMPETENCY  Describe factors that create a culture of safety related to medication administration.  Identifylegal guideline of nursing practice related to medication CONCEPT  Safety:Minimizing risk of human harm through both system effectiveness and individual performance.  Legal issues: Encompasses the rights, responsibilities, and scope of nursing practice as defined by state nurse practice acts and as legislated through criminal and civil law. All clients have a privilege, demand or claim by virtue of law or right (that which is proper or just) to expect competent nursing services. UNIT OUTCOMES  Overview of the syllabus  Definedrug, pharmacology, clinical pharmacology, and therapeutics.  Explain the three most important characteristics of any drug.  Identify the major objective of drug therapy.  Discuss Controlled Substances Act and FDA Amendments Act.  Describe the stages of new drug development. UNIT OUTCOMES  Compare and contrast between generic and trade name products.  Define over-the-counter drugs.  Identify accurate sources of drug information.  Discuss commitment to continuous learning related to medications. Pharmacology A science that draws on information from multiple disciplines, including: Anatomy Physiology Psychology Chemistry Microbiology Basic Terms to Understand Drug Any chemical that can affect living processes Pharmacology Study of drugs and their interactions with living systems Clinical Study of drugs in humans Pharmacology The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease Therapeutics or to prevent pregnancy (A.k.a. pharmacotherapeutics) Therapeutic Objective of Drug Therapy  To provide maximum benefit with minimum harm  Goal is for drugs to help a patient’s problem  Not to make a patient’s problem worse  Not to give the patient new problems  Effectiveness Three Most Important Safety Properties of an Ideal Drug Selectivity   Themost important property a drug can have Effectiveness  Drugelicits the response for which it is given  A drug that cannot produce harmful effects  No such thing as a safe drug Safety  Alldrugs can produce adverse effects  Drugsare poisons – pharmakon   Drug elicits only the response for which it is given  No side effects Selectivity  Allmedications cause side or adverse effects Do you know of any perfect, ideal drugs? All drugs have some adverse effects Factors That Administration Determine Pharmacokinetics the Intensity Pharmacodynamics of Drug Responses Sources of individual variation   Important determinants of drug responses: Administration dosage size, route, timing  Patient adherence   Determining how much of administered dose gets to its sites of action  Impact of the body on drugs through the four major Pharmacokinetics pharmacokinetic processes  Drug absorption  Drug distribution  Drug metabolism  Drug excretion   Impact of drugs on the Pharmacodynamics body   Physiologic variables  Age, gender, weight  Pathologic variables  Diminished function of Sources of kidneys and liver Individual  Genetic variables Variation  Can alter metabolism of drugs and predispose patient to unique interactions  Drug interactions Integration Diagram of Factors The Controlled Substances Act  Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 created the DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency)  Federal Legislation addressing drug abuse  DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency)  Regulates the handling of controlled substances by manufactures, distributors, pharmacist, nurses and physicians The Controlled Substances Act Highest risk for abuse  DEA Schedules I Heroin- Illegal in the USA I through V Approved medical use  Rank Fentanyl, Morphine Abuse Potential II  https://www.dea.gov/drug-inform Ketamine ation/drug-scheduling III Valium, tramadol IV Lower risk for abuse V Cough syrup with Codeine (