Microbiome & Vaccinology Past Paper PDF 2002

Microbiome & Vaccinology [2 0 0 2] I2B 412/BIO418 V. Stalin Raj School of Biology  What is vaccine? A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent t...

Microbiome & Vaccinology [2 0 0 2] I2B 412/BIO418 V. Stalin Raj School of Biology  What is vaccine? A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles either: (a)Weakened (attenuated) or killed forms of the disease-causing microorganism and is often made from The toxins produced by the microbe One of the microbe’s surface proteins. The nucleic acid portion of the microbe that codes for toxins or surface proteins The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize it as a threat, destroy it, and develop the ability to further recognize and destroy any encounter of the same microorganisms in future. Infections can induce inflammatory responses Recruitment of more immune cells to the site of the infection Cytotoxic T-cells eliminate pathogen-infected cells, while B-cells neutralize the circulating virus Recruitment of more immune cells to the site of the infection Cytotoxic T-cells eliminate pathogen-infected cells, while B-cells neutralize the circulating virus Adenovirus infected lung tissue sections Recruitment of more immune cells to the site of the infection Cytotoxic T-cells eliminate pathogen-infected cells, while B-cells neutralize the circulating virus §Vaccination has been created to stimulate an immune response against infectious microorganisms, thereby protecting against future infections. §Viruses §Bacteria §Toxins Vaccination develops long-term protective immune- memory Vaccination develops long-term protective immune- memory Vaccinations prevent future infection