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UNITED NATIONS (सयं ु% रा()): History, Forma9on, Func9ons League of Na9ons, Important Facts The United Na,ons An Interna)onal/ Inter-Governmental Organiza)on Founded in 1945 with the purpose to:...

UNITED NATIONS (सयं ु% रा()): History, Forma9on, Func9ons League of Na9ons, Important Facts The United Na,ons An Interna)onal/ Inter-Governmental Organiza)on Founded in 1945 with the purpose to: To maintain interna)onal peace and security To promote economic and social development To promote Human Rights Original Members – 51; Present Members – 193. India is a founding member of the United Na9ons. India officially joined (ra9fied) UN on October, 30, 1945. Recent most addi)on to UN - South Sudan - July 2011 Headquarters - in New York 4 Pillars of the UN The Preamble describes four areas that are the pillars of the UN Peace and Security/ य# ु रोकना Human Rights/ मानवािधकार- क. र/ा करना The Rule of Law/ अ1तररा34ीय काननू ी 7ि8या Development/ सामािजक और आिथ>क िवकास Important Facts The name ‘United Na9ons’ - coined by the then U.S. President - Franklin D. Roosevelt First used in the Declara)on by United Na)ons of 1 January 1942, during Second World War. Original UN logo - created by a team of designers in 1945 - led by Oliver Lincoln Lundquist Ini9ally (in 1946), General Assembly established Chinese, French, English, Russian and Spanish as official languages, and English and French as working languages. In 1973, General Assembly decided to include Arabic as an official language and a working language. Current 6 Official & working languages of UN - Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish The only country ever to withdraw from the United Na9ons - Indonesia (in 1965). It re-joined UN in 1966 The United Na)ons and its Secretary-General Kofi Annan have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 2001 “for their work for a beeer organized and more peaceful world” History of the UN Towards the end of World War II - na)ons were in ruins and world wanted peace  50 countries gathered at the United Na)ons Conference on Interna)onal Organiza)on in San Francisco, California (also known as the San Francisco Conference) between 25 April and 26 June 1945 to sign a document – The UN Charter - which created an organisa)on – The United Na)ons These were the na9ons which had declared war on Germany and Japan and had subscribed to the United Na9ons Declara9on (1942). WW2: 1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945 WW2 started with German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. Axis powers—Germany, Italy, and Japan—and the Allies—France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. The UN Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representa)ves of 50 countries. Poland signed the Charter on 15 October 1945, thus becoming one of the original 51 Members. Charter came into force/ The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945 (24th Oct. - UN day), ager ra)fica)on by the five permanent members of the Security Council (UK, US, France, Russia, China) and a majority of the other countries. The forerunner of UN was the League of Na9ons (रा#$ सघं ) WW 1, Treaty of Versailles & League of Na,ons a) June 28, 1914 - Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is assassinated. b) July 28, 1914 - Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, beginning World War I. c) November 11, 1918 - Germany signs the Armis)ce, ending World War I. The 4 year long war was between the Central Powers and the Allied Powers The Central Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Oeoman Empire The Allied Powers - Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Canada, Japan and the United States Allied Powers won WW1- more than 16 million people were dead. On June 28, 1919, five years to the day ager Franz Ferdinand’s death, Germany and the Allied Powers signed the Treaty of Versailles, at the Paris Peace Conference, officially marking the end of World War I. Germany was not allowed to par)cipate in the nego)a)ons; it was forced to sign the final treaty. On 10 January 1920, Treaty of Versailles came into force & League of Na9ons started func9on. League of Na,ons An organiza)on conceived during First World War Established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles (Paris Peace Conference) Officially, the League of Na)ons started its ac)vi)es on 10 January 1920, when the Treaty of Versailles came into force. League of Na)ons (1920 – 1946) was the first intergovernmental organiza9on established “to promote interna9onal coopera9on and to achieve interna9onal peace and security”. It is ogen referred to as the “predecessor” of the United Na)ons. The ini)a)ve was presented by US President Woodrow Wilson Although Wilson played a pivotal role in the process of crea)on of the League of Na)ons, US Senate did not ra)fy the Treaty of Versailles. In the end, the United States never joined the League of Na9ons. The League of Na9ons failed to prevent the Second World War When the United Na)ons Charter came into existence on 24 October 1945, the League of Na)ons was s)ll ac)ve. For a few months, the two organiza)ons coexisted. In April 1946, Member States met in Geneva to formally approve the dissolu9on of the League. Other organiza,ons associated with the League Interna9onal Labour Organiza9on (ILO) and the Permanent Court of Interna9onal Jus9ce (PCIJ) were both independent from the League of Na)ons, although their budget was incorporated in the general budget of the League and adopted by the Assembly. ILO/ अतं रा>34ीय @म संगठन – – It was also created under the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 as an affiliated agency of the League. – Its main func)on was to frame and supervise the applica)on of interna)onal rules concerning labor condi)ons. Permanent Court of Interna9onal Jus9ce (PCIJ) – Established by the League of Na9ons in 1921. It was located in the Hague, the Netherlands. – The court officially ceased to exist in 1946. – However, the Statute of the Interna)onal Court of Jus)ce (ICJ) – adopted together with the Charter of the United Na)ons at the San Francisco Conference in 1945 – reproduced the Statute of the PCIJ in almost iden)cal form.  UN PRINCIPAL ORGANS International Court UN Security Council General Assembly of Justice Economic & Social Secretariat Trusteeship Council Council संय% ु त रा*+ के म/ ु य अंग संय% ु त रा*+ सरु 2ा संय% ु त रा*+ अBतररा*+Cय प4रषद महासभा Bयायालय आ:थ