Historical and Philosophical Foundations of Happiness PDF

Historical and Philosophical Foundations of Happiness Exploring the Roots of Positive Psychology GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 1 Learning outcome Develop an understanding of the fundamental theories and practices of happiness and positive psychology. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 2 Lecture Learn...

Historical and Philosophical Foundations of Happiness Exploring the Roots of Positive Psychology GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 1 Learning outcome Develop an understanding of the fundamental theories and practices of happiness and positive psychology. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 2 Lecture Learning Outcomes: 1. Demonstrate an understanding of the meaning and roots of the word "happiness.“ 2. Compare various perspectives on happiness. 3. Classify the view of happiness theory. 4. Describe the elements of happiness. 5. Outline the main sources of happiness. 6. Explain the benefits of happiness GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 3 In this course, our primary focus will be on the field of positive psychology, specifically exploring into the study of happiness and wellbeing. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 4 What is your definition of Happiness ?? GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 5 Happiness is…….. Mariam webster’s online dictionary A pleasurable or satisfying experience A state of wellbeing and contentment GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 6 Happiness in Positive Psychology: Happiness is…….. In positive psychology, happiness is often defined as a subjective and positive emotional state that involves an individual's overall sense of well-being and life satisfaction. It encompasses various dimensions, including positive affect (experiencing positive emotions), life satisfaction (evaluating one's life as a whole), and the absence of negative affect. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 7 Etymology of Happiness The roots of the word happiness can be traced back to the Old Norse word 'hap,’ generally meant good luck, chance, or fortune. It was associated with positive circumstances or events that were considered fortunate. The term "hap" has historical roots and is linked to the development of the modern English word "happenstance" and, later, "happiness.“ The term 'happiness' appeared in English around the early 16th century, following the use of the adjective 'happy' in the late 14th century, both implying luck and being favored by fortune. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing (McMahon, 2006) 8 Happiness Happiness is a subjective and multifaceted emotional and mental state characterized by feelings of joy, contentment, and satisfaction. It is often associated with a sense of wellbeing and fulfillment in various aspects of life, including personal relationships, work, and overall life circumstances. Happiness can result from positive experiences, meaningful connections, personal achievements, and a generally positive outlook on life. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 9 Perspectives on Happiness The interpretation of happiness and well-being varies among experts from different fields and specializations. 1. Philosophical View: Define happiness in terms of living a good life, or flourishing, rather than simply as an emotion. 2. Sociological Perspective: Defines happiness in social aspects and relationships in the society 3. Medical Insight: State of complete physical health and freedom of diseases. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 10 Perspectives on Happiness The interpretation of happiness and well-being varies among experts from different fields and specializations. 4. Economic Outlook: State of good economic condition. 5. Psychological Aspect: Good mental health and psychological well-being. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 11 Philosophy of Happiness Happiness is an increasingly prominent topic of interest across numerous academic fields. Philosophers discussing "happiness" generally focus on one of two views, each aligned with a distinct interpretation of the term: 1. A state of Mind (Hedonic) 2. A Life that Goes Well (Eudaimonic) These two perspectives represent different dimensions of the philosophical exploration of happiness, with one focusing on the immediate experience of joy or contentment, and the other addressing the overall quality and fulfillment of one's life. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 12 1. A State of Mind (Hedonic) Feel Good moments (funs, pleasure…) Happiness is a sense (psychological) State of mind when there is positive emotions. Happiness is considered a psychological state or emotional well-being. Philosophical inquiries revolve around understanding the nature of this mental state, including its components and how it can be achieved or sustained. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 13 2. A Life that Goes Well (Eudaimonic) A life fulfilled (purpose, growth, self-acceptance….) Happiness is not just a fleeting emotional state, but a broader concept associated with a flourishing and well-lived life. Philosophers explore what constitutes a good life, considering aspects such as virtue, meaning, purpose, and overall life satisfaction. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 14 Emily, a Nurse Happiness as a State of Mind: Happiness as a Life that Goes Well: Emily, a dedicated nurse, experiences moments of happiness during her shifts when she successfully comforts a distressed patient or helps someone on their path to recovery. In these instances, she feels a sense of joy and fulfillment, representing happiness as a state of mind linked to her immediate actions and interactions in the hospital. Beyond her day-to-day interactions, Emily's life as a whole is characterized by a sense of purpose and contribution. She has built strong connections with her colleagues, maintains a healthy work-life balance, and actively pursues professional development to enhance her nursing skills. Outside of work, Emily has a supportive social network, a fulfilling personal life, and practices self-care to ensure her overall well-being. In this broader context, Emily's life is going well, contributing to her sustained happiness. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 15 Emily, a Nurse Summary: In the first case, happiness is associated with Emily's immediate experiences and positive feelings during specific nursing activities. In the second case, happiness extends to encompass the overall quality of Emily's life, including her relationships, personal well-being, work-life balance, and a sense of fulfillment derived from her nursing career. This example illustrates the distinction between happiness as an emotional state in specific moments of work and happiness as a more comprehensive and enduring aspect of one's life. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 16 ELEMENTS OF HAPPINESS Happiness and wellbeing stem from a state of mind influenced by three interconnected elements. Interlinked Elements 1. Physical Health 2. Psychological or Mental Health 3. Social Health These elements are interlinked, creating a dynamic relationship where improvements in one element affect the others. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 17 ELEMENTS OF HAPPINESS Understanding the interplay of physical, psychological, and social elements provides a holistic perspective on happiness and wellbeing. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 18 Physical Health Measured by factors like height/weight ratio, body mass index, resting heart rate, and exercise recovery time. The foundation for active living campaigns and nutrition drives Psychological (Mental) Health State of well-being involving realizing abilities, coping with life's stresses, and working productively. Counseling or psychotherapy may be sought for addressing mental health difficulties and fostering emotional growth GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing Social Health Influenced by economic and social conditions shaping individual and group health differences. Social determinants are affected by public policies reflecting prevailing political ideologies 19 Physical and psychological health form the foundation for social health. The interplay of these elements is vital for positive emotions, strength, happiness, and overall wellbeing. The World Health Organization emphasizes the interdependence of physical, mental, and social well-being in its definition of health. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 20 What make you Happy ? List down your thoughts and ideas on happiness GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 21 What are the main sources of happiness? There is no standardly agreed-on list of causes of happiness, partly because happiness arises from a complex interaction of many factors. Most people agree that specific factors are crucial for human happiness in nearly every society. Any list will be somewhat arbitrary (subjective), and we could reasonably include other items. A brief list, summarized as SOARS can help in knowing the source of happiness (from Haybron’s Happiness: A Very Short Introduction) GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 22 What are the main sources of happiness? SOARS List: 1.Security: feeling reasonably secure—enough time, money, not under threat, etc. 2.Outlook: having the right attitudes—positivity, acceptance, caring for others, etc. 3.Autonomy: being having a sense of control over one’s life and daily activities 4.Relationships: having and enjoying good relationships, including a sense of community 5.Skilled and meaningful activity: regularly exercising your competence at worthwhile activities GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 23 What are the main sources of happiness? Money: Money has an impact on happiness, with a stronger link to life satisfaction than emotional well-being. It tends to significantly affect the happiness of poor individuals, while the effects are more modest for those outside poverty. The connection between money and happiness isn't just about buying power; it can also be attributed to factors like better-paying jobs that are often more skilled and meaningful. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 24 What are the main sources of happiness? Genes: Happiness could be linked to genetic attributes however this factor is debatable with valid perspectives and contextual validity. For example, A Research suggests that a number of behavior genetic studies have shown variation in happiness to be influenced by genes and indicated that long-term happiness is predominantly caused by genes. (Nes, R.B. Happiness in Behaviour Genetics: Findings and Implications. J Happiness Stud 11, 369–381 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-009-91456) GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 25 Benefits of Happiness GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 26 Benefits of Happiness Happiness can bring about various benefits, both for mental and physical well-being. Some of the potential benefits of happiness include: 1.Improved Mental Health: Happiness is associated with lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. It contributes to a positive mindset and emotional resilience. 2.Enhanced Physical Health: Happy individuals may experience better cardiovascular health, improved immune function, and a reduced risk of chronic diseases. Positive emotions can have a positive impact on the body. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 27 Benefits of Happiness 3. Increased Longevity: Studies suggest that happiness may be linked to longer life expectancy. Happy individuals tend to adopt healthier lifestyles, which can contribute to a longer and healthier life. 4. Better Relationships: Happy people often have more satisfying and supportive relationships. Positive emotions can foster empathy, compassion, and effective communication. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 28 Benefits of Happiness 5. Higher Productivity: Happiness has been linked to increased creativity, better problem-solving skills, and higher productivity in various aspects of life, including work and personal projects. 6. Resilience: Happy individuals are often more resilient in the face of challenges. They can bounce back from setbacks more effectively and maintain a positive outlook during difficult times. 7. Improved Societal Well-being: Happy individuals contribute to the overall well-being of society. They are more likely to engage in prosocial behaviors, volunteerism, and community involvement. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 29 Benefits of Happiness 9. Better Cognitive Function: Happiness is associated with improved cognitive function, including better memory, attention, and decisionmaking skills. 10. Increased Generosity: Happy people are more inclined to engage in acts of kindness and generosity, contributing positively to their communities and the well-being of others. It's important to note that the relationship between happiness and these benefits is complex, and individual experiences may vary. Additionally, happiness is a subjective and multifaceted concept, and its interpretation can vary among individuals and cultures. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 30 Happiness is an antidote for depression A positive outlook protects against depression, enhances health, and, when combined with skill and ambition, facilitates success. Generally, cheerful students tend to be more generous and helpful. Optimistic students, tracked over time, achieved higher incomes by age 35. Happy individuals attract others, while depressed ones often withdraw. Strong social connections and a sense of belonging significantly contribute to happiness. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 31 Recap of this lecture Happiness Meaning, etymology and perspective of happiness Elements of happiness Sources and benefits of happiness GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing Philosophy and view of happiness theories 32 Self Reflection Time Exploring Personal Meaning of Happiness in E-Portfolios GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 33 References Sundriyal, R., & Kumar, R. (2019). Happiness and Wellbeing. International Journal of Indian Psychology. Retrieved from https://ijip.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/04-Happiness-andWellbeing-by-Ruchi-Sundriyal-Dr.-Ravindra-Kumar.pdf Wellbeing Research FAQ. (n.d.). Happiness and Wellbeing. Retrieved from https://www.happinessandwellbeing.org/wellbeing-researchfaq-2#4 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (n.d.). Happiness. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/happiness/ GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 34 Introduction to Positive Psychology GRD106-Happiness and Wellbeing Learning Outcome 1.Develop an understanding of the fundamental theories and practices of happiness and positive psychology. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 2 Lecture Objectives: 1. Demonstrate understanding of the principles of psychology and its different areas. 2. Demonstrate understanding of the meaning and importance of positive psychology. 3. Explain the dimensions of positive psychology. 4. Outline the key themes in positive psychology. 5. Identify the various types and methods of measuring happiness in the context of positive psychology. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 3 Psychology is not just the study of weakness and damage; it is also the study of strength and virtue. Treatment is not just fixing what is broken; it is nurturing what is best within us. —Martin E. P. Seligman GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 4 History of Psychology Psychology is considered a young science compared to other disciplines. Before the 19th century, those curious about the mind often explored it through philosophy and other sciences. The establishment of psychology as a separate scientific field is often credited to Wilhelm Wundt and William James, who made significant contributions in the 19th century. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 5 History of Psychology Timeline GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 6 Psychology is a rich and diverse field encompassing various essential domains. As a result, a number of unique and distinctive branches of psychology have emerged, each one dealing with specific psychological areas. These specialized fields collectively contribute to a holistic understanding of the complexities of human behavior and the mind. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 7 Major Areas of Psychology: Clinical Psychology: Focuses on assessing, diagnosing, and treating mental health disorders. Social Psychology: Explores the impact of social interactions, groups, and societal influences on behavior. Cognitive Psychology: Investigates mental processes such as memory, thinking, and problemsolving. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 8 Major Areas of Psychology: Behavioral psychology Understanding behavior through different types of conditioning) Biopsychology: Study of how biological factors, such as the brain, nervous system, and genetics, influence behavior, cognition, and mental processes Positive Psychology: Promotes the study of positive aspects like happiness, strengths, and well-being. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 9 GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 10 Positive Psychology In this course, our primary focus will be on the field of positive psychology, specifically exploring into the study of happiness and wellbeing. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 11 "In 1998, Martin E. P. Seligman urged psychologists to refocus on psychology's original mission: building human strength and nurturing genius. To address this gap, Seligman introduced positive psychology as a new discipline, emphasizing a fresh direction for the field. Martin E. P. Seligman GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 12 Definition of Positive Psychology Positive psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on studying and promoting the positive aspects of human experience and well-being. Positive psychology is the scientific study of what makes life most worth living (Peterson,2008) GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 13 GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing Exploring Positive Psychology Positive psychology is the scientific study of ordinary human strengths and qualities. Revisits "the average person" to understand what works, what's right, and what's improving. Differs from traditional psychology by shifting the focus from mental illness to positive aspects of psychology. Explores individual strengths, resilience, positive emotions, and the cultivation of a purposeful life. 14 GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing Exploring Positive Psychology Utilizes research, interventions, and theories to foster positive, adaptive, creative, and emotionally fulfilling aspects of human behavior. Described as the scientific study of what enables individuals and communities to thrive (succeed). Underscores the positive actions individuals contribute to themselves, their families, and their communities. 15 Dimensions of Positive Psychology Positive psychology, aiming to nurture talent and enhance life fulfillment, explores a broad range of interests, focusing on three general areas of human experience. 1.The Subjective Level 2.The Individual Level 3.The Group or Societal Level Societal level Individual Subjective GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 16 Dimensions of Positive Psychology 1. The Subjective Level Positive psychology examines positive emotions like happiness, joy, life satisfaction, relaxation, love, intimacy, and contentment. It also encompasses positive thoughts, including constructive views about oneself and the future. It considers the impact of positive emotions, such as joy, on energy, vitality, and confidence. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 17 Dimensions of Positive Psychology 2. The Individual Level Focuses on a study of positive individual traits, or the more positive behavioral patterns seen in people over time, including behavioral patterns like courage, honesty, persistence, and wisdom. Includes studying good actions and qualities, which were previously described as character strengths and virtues GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 18 Dimensions of Positive Psychology 3. The Group or Societal Level Focuses on the development, creation, and maintenance of positive institutions or communities. Addresses the development of civic virtues, the creation of healthy families, and the study of healthy work environments. Involved in investigations focused on improving how institutions can better support and nurture all citizens they impact (Institutional Enhancement) GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 19 Positive psychology, then, is the scientific study of positive human functioning and flourishing at a number of levels, such as the biological, personal, relational, institutional, cultural, and global dimensions of life. (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000) GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 20 Basic Themes of Positive Psychology The fundamental concepts, principles, and overarching ideas that serve as the foundation for the field of positive psychology. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 21 1. Fulfilling and Purposeful Life GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 22 1. Fulfilling and Purposeful Life Positive psychology primarily focuses on understanding the elements and predictors of a fulfilling and Purposeful life. Many wrongly believe the Purposeful life is linked to extreme wealth, power, prestige, and beauty, but this understanding is incorrect. Qualities that help define the Purposeful life are those that enrich our lives, make life worth living, and foster strong character. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 23 1. Fulfilling and Purposeful Life Purposeful Life is using your signature strengths every day to produce authentic happiness and abundant gratification (Martin Seligman (2002)) Qualities that help define the good life are those that enrich our lives, make life worth living, and foster strong character. (This will be discussed further later in this course) GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 24 2. Positive Emotions GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 25 2. Positive Emotions Positive emotions are crucial in positive psychology because they play a central role in promoting overall well-being and flourishing. Positive emotions and adaptive behavior have on various positive outcomes in life. Positive emotions are also associated with successful striving for desired goals. People who experience and express positive emotions more often are likely to be satisfied with their lives. (This will be discussed further later in this course) GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 26 3. People Need Positive Social Relationships GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 27 3. People Need Positive Social Relationships Positive psychology acknowledges the significance of the social context in shaping human behavior. Positive psychology acknowledges the importance of positive social environments, social well-being, and empowerment. Well-being is not just an individual pursuit; it exists within social contexts. Emphasizes that "other people matter" in the pursuit of well-being. (This will be discussed further later in this course) GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 28 4. Independence of Positive and Negative Emotions GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 29 4. Independence of Positive and Negative Emotions Historically, it was assumed that eliminating negative emotions would automatically lead to an increase in positive emotions. it's important to study not only happy and positive aspects of life but also the challenges and negative emotions. Negative emotions, like anxiety and fear, are part of being human and can even be essential for survival. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 30 4. Independence of Positive and Negative Emotions Positive psychology understands that happiness alone doesn't define a good life. Positive psychology is not just about being overly positive; it acknowledges that life has difficult moments that contribute to our overall human experience. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 31 5. Strengths and Virtues GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 32 5. Strengths and Virtues "Virtues are positive qualities in how a person behaves and thinks. Possessing these qualities contributes to a person's overall well-being and helps them navigate life more effectively." GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 33 5. Strengths and Virtues Most of the virtues involve how we behave in social relationships. Positive psychology places significant emphasis on the importance of strengths and virtues in the pursuit of well-being and a fulfilling life. Strengths and virtues are foundational elements that contribute to human flourishing and a positive life. Virtues such as courage, fidelity, and honesty are integral to exploring dimensions of an admirable and fulfilling life. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 34 6. People Can Flourish and Thrive GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 35 6. People Can Flourish and Thrive The phrase "People Can Flourish and Thrive" means that individuals have the ability to not only get through tough times but also grow and feel good about life afterward. People can bounce back and become even stronger and happier after facing challenges. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 36 6. People Can Flourish and Thrive Positive psychology sees that many people find clever ways to handle life's challenges, making themselves and those around them feel good. Even when life gets tough, it highlights that most people manage to adapt successfully to its ups and downs. Previous psychological research assumed that individuals are solely influenced by biology, childhood, or unconscious motives. Positive psychology suggests that human beings are often drawn more by the future than driven by the past. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 37 Three Types of Happiness in Positive Psychology Positive psychologists describe three types of happiness, each emphasizing different aspects of a fulfilling life: 1. The Pleasant Life 2. The Good Life 3. The Meaningful Life GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 38 Three Types of Happiness 1. The Pleasant Life This type of happiness is characterized by experiencing positive emotions and seeking enjoyment in life. It involves maximizing pleasure, joy, and positive experiences. Individuals focusing on the pleasant life aim to increase moments of happiness and well-being in their daily lives. Example: Enjoying a day at the beach with friends, feeling the warmth of the sun, playing beach games, and experiencing joy and relaxation. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 39 Three Types of Happiness 2. The Good Life The good life is centered around engagement in meaningful activities, where individuals feel a sense of flow or immersion. This type of happiness is achieved when one is fully absorbed in work or play, losing track of time. It emphasizes the importance of being deeply involved in activities that provide a sense of purpose and satisfaction. Example: An artist immersed in creating a painting, losing track of time as they passionately express their creativity and engage fully in the process of artistic creation. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 40 Three Types of Happiness 3. The Meaningful Life The “meaningful life” in which a person uses his or her character strengths in service to a larger effort. It revolves around using one's character strengths and abilities in service to a larger purpose or cause. This type of happiness is derived from contributing to something beyond oneself, such as helping others, making a positive impact on society, or working towards a greater goal. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 41 Three Types of Happiness 3. The Meaningful Life It involves aligning personal strengths with a broader sense of meaning and significance. Example: A volunteer dedicating time and effort to a local community project, using their organizational skills and compassion to make a positive impact on the lives of others, finding deep satisfaction in contributing to a larger cause. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 42 Recap of this lecture History of psychology Areas of psychology Positive Psychology Dimensions of Positive Psychology Basic Themes of Positive Psychology Three Types of Happiness GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 43 Self Reflection Time Write a self-reflection paragraph considering an activity or event that brings you a deep sense of engagement and happiness. Apply your understanding of the concept of a good life to describe the event or activity, how it makes you feel, and why it evokes these emotions. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Title the page 3 (Good Life) Choose a Meaningful Activity Describe the Activity Express Your Emotions Connect to the concept of a Good Life 44 Resources Compton, W. C. & Hoffman, E. (20190. Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Flourishing. (3rd edition). Sage Publications. USA. Pursuit of Happiness. (n.d.). History of Happiness: Martin Seligman & Positive Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.pursuit-ofhappiness.org/history-of-happiness/martin-seligman-psychology/ Positive Psychology. (n.d.). PERMA Model: Your Scientific Theory of Happiness. Retrieved from https://positivepsychology.com/permamodel/ GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 45 Positive Psychology Intervention- PPI Explore the world of positive psychology interventions and their potential to promote wellbeing and optimal functioning. Discover how these interventions can be applied in various settings to enhance happiness and positive emotions. GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 1 Learning Outcome: 1.Apply positive psychological interventions to enhance individual and collective happiness, resilience and compassion, and utilize these interventions in professional contexts. GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 2 Lecture Objectives: Apply an understanding of the Positive psychology interventions (PPIs). Identify the goals of Positive Psychology Intervention. Classify the aspects of the positive psychology interventions. Outline emotional, engagement, relationship, meaning, and accomplishment interventions examples. GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 3 Introduction Intervention : is the act of interfering with the outcome or course especially of a condition or process (as to prevent harm or improve functioning) (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) An intervention is about change, action and healing. It is often the best way to “jump start” someone into making necessary changes in their life. It is applied across various contexts, addressing issues such as health, behavior, addiction, mental health, or family dynamics. The main goal of the interventions is to prompt individuals or systems to make positive changes in behavior or circumstances. GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 4 Positive Psychology Intervention (PPI) Positive psychology interventions, or PPIs, are a set of scientific tools and strategies that focus on increasing happiness, wellbeing, and positive cognitions and emotions. (Keyes, Fredrickson, & Park, 2012) GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 5 Exploring Positive Psychology Interventions Positive Psychology Interventions (PPIs) gained fame in the late 20th century, providing scientifically examined therapies to enhance happiness and well-being. Positive psychology interventions refer to activities or strategies designed to promote well-being, enhance positive emotions, and cultivate strengths and virtues in individuals. These interventions are rooted in the field of positive psychology, which focuses on the positive aspects of human experience and seeks to improve overall life satisfaction. GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 6 Exploring Positive Psychology Interventions Positive psychology interventions can take various forms: Exercises Activities therapeutic approaches. PPI helps in fostering positive emotions, resilience, optimism, gratitude, and other aspects of psychological well-being. The positive psychology interventions contribute to individuals' mental health and overall life satisfaction by emphasizing and nurturing (developing) positive aspects of their psychological wellbeing. GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 7 Positive Psychology Interventions Aspect Positive Psychology interventions target different aspects of wellbeing, including emotional, engagement, relationship, meaning, and accomplishment. Let's explore each of these in detail. GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 8 Goals of Positive Psychology Intervention 01 02 03 Enhancing Well-being Promoting Resilience Discover strategies to boost happiness, life satisfaction, and overall well-being through positive psychology practices. Explore ways to build resilience, navigate challenges, and bounce back from adversity using positive psychology principles. Fostering Positive Relationships GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being Learn techniques to strengthen connections, nurture positive interactions, and build meaningful relationships. 9 Class Discussion 1. Emotional Well-being Interventions How do you currently navigate and manage your emotions? Are there specific strategies or tools that you find effective in handling different emotional states?" GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 10 Positive Psychology Interventions Aspect 1. Emotional Well-being Interventions Emotional well-being interventions in positive psychology are activities or practices that help people handle their emotions better, cope with challenges, and improve how they feel overall. These interventions aim to boost positive emotions, reduce stress, and enhance one's ability to navigate life's ups and downs, promoting a healthier and happier emotional state. GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 11 Emotional Well-being Interventions Examples Gratitude Journaling Write down three things you're grateful for each day and reflect on them. Positive Self-talk Rep lace negative self-talk with positive affirmations to boost selfesteem. Mindfulness Meditation Sit quietly and focus on your breath, letting thoughts come and go without judgment. Random Acts of Kindness Perform small acts of kindness, like holding open a door or complimenting someone, to increase feelings of positivity. 2. Engagement Interventions Class Discussion Positive Psychology Interventions Aspect 2. Engagement Interventions Engagement interventions in positive psychology are actions or strategies designed to help people fully immerse themselves and find joy in what they are doing. These interventions focus on enhancing involvement, enthusiasm, and a sense of purpose in various activities, contributing to a more fulfilling and satisfying life. These interventions aim to increase involvement and enjoyment in various aspects of life, promoting a sense of fulfillment and well-being. GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 14 Engagement Interventions Examples 1 Savoring (Enjoy) Practice fully enjoying positive experiences by focusing on sensory, cognitive, and emotional aspects. 2 Flow Activities Engage in activities that challenge and stretch your skills and abilities, providing a sense of accomplishment and enjoyment. 3 Creative Expression Create art, music, or writing as a way of expressing your inner self and engaging with the world. Engagement Interventions Examples 4 Hobbies and Passion Pursuits Devoting time to activities that bring joy and align with personal interests. 5 Learning Opportunities Seeking continuous learning and growth to stay engaged and mentally stimulated 3. Relationship Interventions Class Discussion In your perspective, how does having relationships affect our wellbeing, and what are the reasons behind this influence? Positive Psychology Interventions Aspect 3. Relationship Interventions Positive Psychology Interventions (PPIs) in the context of relationships involve activities or strategies designed to enhance the positive aspects of interpersonal connections, foster well-being, and improve the overall satisfaction within relationships. These interventions are rooted in the principles of positive psychology, which focuses on strengths, virtues, and factors that contribute to a fulfilling life. GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 18 Relationship Interventions Examples Active Listening Building Social Support Family Bonding Listen fully and attentively to Develop meaningful relationships Prioritize quality time with family, others, seeking to understand with friends and loved ones, creating traditions and rituals that their perspective. relying on them for comfort and strengthen your connections. support. 4. Meaning Interventions "How would you define and measure a meaningful life, and do you believe you are currently living one? Why or why not?" Class Discussion Positive Psychology Interventions Aspect 4. Meaning Interventions Meaning Interventions, are activities designed to enhance well-being by emphasizing positive aspects of human experience. Grounded in positive psychology, these interventions focus on cultivating meaning and purpose in individuals' lives through activities such as values exploration and goal-setting, contributing to a more fulfilling and meaningful life. GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 21 MeaningInterventions Examples 1 2 Identifying Values Set goals that are meaningful and purposeful, aligning with your values and personal calling. Identify the values that are most important to you and align your actions and goals accordingly. 3 Purposeful Goals Spiritual Practice Engage in spiritual practices such as prayer, meditation, or worship to connect with a higher power and meaning. 5. Accomplishment Interventions "How do you perceive the relationship between a sense of accomplishment and the principles of positive psychology? Can achieving personal goals and milestones contribute to overall well-being, and if so, how?" Class Discussion Positive Psychology Interventions Aspect 5. Accomplishment Interventions Positive Psychology Intervention (PPI) Accomplishment Interventions refer to activities or strategies within positive psychology aimed at enhancing well-being by recognizing and celebrating personal achievements. These interventions focus on fostering positive emotions, a sense of accomplishment, and overall life satisfaction. GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 24 Accomplishment Interventions Examples Accomplishment Journaling Keeping a journal to regularly document and reflect on personal achievements. It encourages individuals to recognize and celebrate their accomplishments, promoting positive emotions and a sense of pride. Celebrating Success Celebrate and reward yourself when you achieve your goals, increasing motivation and sense of accomplishment. Goal-Setting and Tracking Setting realistic goals and tracking progress. Provides a structured approach to accomplishments, fostering motivation, and a sense of achievement Challenges and Limitations in Applying Positive Psychology Interventions (PPIs) 1. Overemphasis on Positivity An overemphasis on positivity might create unrealistic expectations about life, setting individuals up for disappointment when faced with inevitable challenges. Acknowledge the importance of embracing negative emotions as part of a holistic well-being journey. (Remember that it's okay to feel not-so-great sometimes. It's a normal part of taking care of your overall well-being.) GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 26 Challenges and Limitations in Applying Positive Psychology Interventions (PPIs) 2. Individual variances Recognize that positive psychology intervention may not have the same impact on everyone due to unique individual circumstances. GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 27 Challenges and Limitations in Applying Positive Psychology Interventions (PPIs) 3. Commitment and Consistency Understand the need for consistent practice and commitment to gain the full benefits in the long term. GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 28 Conclusion andKey Takeaways Positive Psychology interventions can improve emotional, engagement, relationship, meaning, and accomplishment well- b eing. By targeting each aspect through specific interventions, everyone can enhance their overall well- b eing and lead a more fulfilling life GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 29 1. Open page 4 of your portfolio and add the title "Positive Psychology Intervention." 2. List the positive psychology interventions you are currently implementing in your life. 3. Reflect on what you've learned today about positive psychology interventions. 4. Choose one or more interventions that strongly like to you and explain why you plan to adopt them into your life. Reflection Time GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 30 References Positive Psychology. (n.d.). Positive psychology interventions. PositivePsychology.com. https://positivepsychology.com/positive-psychologyinterventions/ Duan, W., Klibert, J., Schotanus-Dijkstra, M., Llorens, S., van den Heuvel, M., Mayer, C.-H., Tomasulo, D., Liao, Y., & van Zyl, L. E. (2022). Editorial: Positive psychological interventions: How, when and why they work: Beyond WEIRD contexts. Journal Name. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9575688/ GRD106 - Happiness and Well-being 31 Measuring Happiness & PERMA Model GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 1 Learning outcome Identify what determines happiness (PERMA Model) and how it is measured. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 2 Lecture Objectives 1.Understand the importance of measuring happiness in personal and societal contexts. 2.Become familiar with various methods and instruments employed to measure happiness. 3.Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the PERMA model. 4.Understanding of Positive Emotions within the PERMA model. 5.List the importance of Benefits of Positive Emotions and it impact on wellbeing. 6.Explain the role of positive emotions across different time periods. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 3 The pursuit of happiness is one that humans have been working toward since the beginning of time. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 4 Why Happiness Matters ? Happy individuals are better prepared to face life's difficulties and embrace healthy living. But the fundamental question persists: How can we measure happiness, and what strategies can we use not only to enhance but to genuinely flourish in our happiness and overall well-being? This lecture presents various important tests and scales that can be used to measure happiness, aiding us in our quest for a more fulfilling life. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 5 Discussion Scenario Ali is employed, single, owns a home, and is in good health. Do you think Ali is genuinely happy? GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 6 Incomplete Picture While we can examine the objective facts of Ali's life, such as his job and financial situation, these factors do not provide insights into his emotions and thought processes. Measuring happiness is a multi-faceted endeavor that involves both objective and subjective assessments. It encompasses various factors such as mental and emotional well-being, life satisfaction, and overall contentment. Have it all but unhappy Keep in mind that having everything doesn't necessarily equate to being happy. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 7 Measuring Happiness Measuring Happiness Researchers dedicated significant effort to devise multiple methods aimed at effectively measuring the level of happiness. They've proposed various tools and techniques to comprehensively assess happiness levels. Psychologists have discovered a method to measure our happiness through self-report questionnaires. We assess our subjective well-being, or happiness, based on a set of statements (Diener et al., 2018). Why do we want to measure happiness? Without recognizing our current state of happiness, determining our desired destination becomes unreachable. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 10 Methods for Measuring Happiness Some common approaches to measure happiness: Subjective Well-Being (SWB) Scales Authentic Happiness Inventory (AHI) General Happiness Scale Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) It's essential to recognize that happiness is a multifaceted and subjective construct, and no single measure captures its complexity entirely. Combining multiple methods often provides a more comprehensive understanding of an individual's well-being. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 11 Methods for Measuring Happiness 1. Subjective Well-Being (SWB) Scales SWB scales frequently use self-report questionnaires, allowing individuals to assess their own happiness and life satisfaction. Happiness research encountered a notable challenge in determining an effective measurement method. In response, subjective well-being research embraced a direct approach, granting participants the liberty to define happiness on their terms, emphasizing a participant-centric perspective. This approach has proven effective in measuring happiness. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 12 Methods for Measuring Happiness 2. Authentic Happiness Inventory (AHI) Also know as The Happiness Test. A psychological tool developed by Martin Seligman and his colleagues. It is designed to assess various components of well-being and happiness. The inventory measures factors such as life satisfaction, positive emotions, and engagement in meaningful activities. Individuals respond to a set of statements to evaluate their subjective wellbeing and overall happiness. The Authentic Happiness Inventory is often used to check how happiness changes after positive psychology activities. It's known for being really good at noticing even small improvements (Proyer et al., 2017). GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 13 Exploring Your Happiness: The Authentic Happiness Inventory https://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/ The Authentic Happiness website is backed by the Positive Psychology Center at the University of Pennsylvania, led by Dr. Martin E. P. Seligman. FCHS is not associated with the website. Yet, completing the survey on this site provides you with convenient and free access to validated psychological measurements. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 14 Methods for Measuring Happiness 3. General Happiness Scale The General Happiness Scale is a concise 4-item questionnaire designed to measure an individual's overall happiness. Respondents assess each prompt or answer each question by selecting a number on a scale from one to seven that aligns with their feelings. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 15 GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 16 Methods for Measuring Happiness 4. Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) The scale was made to find out how satisfied someone is with their whole life. It's a simple and short questionnaire with just five statements. Completing the SWLS won't take much of your time! It's a helpful tool to make you think about your overall satisfaction in life and identify areas where you might want to explore more. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 17 GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 18 Dr. Martin Seligman (Father of the Positive Psychology) Seligman redirected focus from mental illness to studying positive aspects of life. Conducted many theories on Happiness and wellbeing. Concluded that Flourishing is a high level of wellbeing which consist of 5 elements. These 5 elements can be developed personally and can increase your level of happiness and wellbeing resulting in flourishing. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 19 What are the 5 elements ? GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 20 Introduction to the PERMA model of wellbeing The PERMA model of wellbeing, developed by Martin Seligman, is a framework that focuses on the five essential elements—Positive Emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment—for enhancing overall wellbeing and happiness. It provides a holistic approach to understanding and improving the quality of life. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 21 Understanding the PERMA Model The PERMA model was designed by martin Seligman with five core elements of psychology wellbeing and happiness. Seligman believes that these five elements can help people reach a life of fulfillment, happiness, and meaning. The five essential components can be motivated and measured. Utilizing the PERMA model not only enhances well-being but also reduces psychological distress. In this section of the course, we will explain the PERMA model of wellbeing and offer practical methods to incorporate its components into your private practice or personal life. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 22 Positive Emotions You have been introduced to the positive emotions earlier in this course. As part of the positive psychology interventions. At this point we will dive more in depth trying to understand what is positive emotions and how it can be utilized in our life to achieve happiness and wellbeing. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 23 What is Positive Emotions? Is the first element of the PERMA model, which directly correlates and connects to happiness. Positive emotions is more than just smiling. Its about the ability to be optimistic and view the past, present, and future in positive perspective. Positive emotions include hope, interest, joy, love, compassion, pride, amusement, and gratitude. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing P 24 GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 25 GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 26 Fredrickson’s Broaden and Build Theory Fredrickson (1998) contends that while negative emotions limit our range of thoughts and actions, positive emotions expand these possibilities. They allow us to access a diverse range of potential thoughts and behaviors in response to emotional stimuli. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 27 Truths About Positive Emotions Expanded Perspective: Positive emotions broaden our minds and hearts, changing our outlook on the environment. Best Version of Ourselves: Positive emotions bring out the best in us. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 28 Benefits of Positive Emotions 1. Positive emotions expand the scope of our thoughts and actions. 2. Positive emotions alleviate persistent negative feelings. 3. Positive emotions bolster resilience, enhancing our capacity to overcome challenges. 4. Positive emotions, over time, contribute to mental and physical well-being. 5. Positive emotions help individuals feel more satisfied with their lives. 6. Positive emotions contribute to achieving desired goals successfully. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 29 Positive Emotions Between The Past, Present, and Future. "Many think positive feelings are just about future hopes or how we should react to things. In reality, positive emotions connect our past, present, and future, influencing how we feel along the way." GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 30 Positive Emotions About The Past Positive emotions about the past involve experiencing joy and happiness when reflecting on past experiences. It is linked to a sense of contentment and satisfaction derived from positive memories and achievements. Gratitude: involves acknowledging and appreciating the positive aspects of life. This can include reflecting on past experiences, achievements, or moments of joy. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 31 Positive Emotions About The Present Positive emotions about the present refer to the feelings of joy, contentment, and satisfaction experienced in the current moment. These emotions are associated with appreciating and finding happiness in the present circumstances, regardless of external factors. "Mindful" means being attentive Embracing positive emotions in the present is a key aspect of cultivating a fulfilling and satisfying life. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing and conscious in the present moment, intentionally focusing on thoughts, feelings, sensations, and the environment without judgment. It involves cultivating awareness and staying present 32 GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 33 Mindfulness Quiz https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/quizzes/ take_quiz/mindfulness Screenshot your result and add it to your portfolio GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 34 Positive Emotions About The Future Positive emotions about the future refer to optimistic and hopeful feelings regarding what lies ahead. It involves anticipating favorable outcomes, opportunities, and experiences, contributing to an optimistic outlook on what the future may hold. Research in positive psychology suggests that optimistic individuals often experience better mental and physical health, cope more effectively with stress, and have a higher overall quality of life. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 35 How to Increase Positive Emotions Mastering five mechanisms can significantly contribute to experiencing plentiful positive emotions, ultimately leading to an overall sense of happiness. 1. Recognizing and cherishing simple pleasures in daily life. Take note of the comforting moments, such as the coziness of bedtime, and appreciate the small joys, like a child's smile or the unique creativity of others. Find delight in both routine experiences, like wearing comfy slippers, and new events, such as witnessing someone unknowingly singing in public. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 36 How to Increase Positive Emotions 2. Place yourself in scenarios that are likely to produce positive emotions. Explore overwhelming parks, regularly participate in new activities, and infuse excitement and surprise into your life. 3. Embrace a range of positive emotions for maximum happiness To be really happy, don't just focus on feeling calm. There are lots of good feelings like joy, excitement, and love. Make a list and try to experience them all. If a feeling seems strange, try to feel it on purpose—it might make you happier! GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 37 How to Increase Positive Emotions 4. Find joy in others' successes. Instead of just relying on your own experiences for happiness, let the achievements and happiness of others also bring you joy. 5. Spread joy to others. Make people around you feel proud, happy, loved, or excited. Positive emotions are contagious, and by bringing happiness to others, you also get to enjoy the good vibes. Share compliments generously and experience the joy of uplifting someone else – it's like sharing happiness. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 38 Reflections Time Open your portfolio into page 4 Title it as My Future Life Take a moment to think about your future life. What's the best life you can imagine? Think about your job, school, friends, hobbies, and health. Imagine what would be great in all these parts of your life in the future. GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 39 Resources Compton, W. C. & Hoffman, E. (20190. Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Flourishing. (3rd edition). Sage Publications. USA. Positive Psychology. (n.d.). PERMA Model: Your Scientific Theory of Happiness. Retrieved from https://positivepsychology.com/permamodel/ Positive Psychology. (n.d.). Measures of Happiness: Tests and Surveys. https://positivepsychology.com/measure-happiness-tests-surveys/ GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 40