The Role of ICTs in Key Sectors of Society PDF

1 1. INTRODUCING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Lecturer: Information and Communications Technologies Elvira Aitmukhanbetova [email protected]  Copyright Notice 2 ¨ This presentation is presented as is. This presentation was...

1 1. INTRODUCING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Lecturer: Information and Communications Technologies Elvira Aitmukhanbetova [email protected]  Copyright Notice 2 ¨ This presentation is presented as is. This presentation was assembled using information from various websites or sources across the web. ¨ This presentation uses Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). © 2020 BilimEdtech 3 1.1. Information and Communication 1.1. Information and Communication 1.2. Technology 1.3. ICT in Education 1.4 Standards  Learning Objectives 4 1. Describe the role that ICT plays in today’s society 2. Understand the focus of ICT 3. Understand the first two parts of ICT, which are information and communication 4. Describe the difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication  Information and Communications Technology 5 ¨ Information and Communications Technology (ICT) refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications ¨ It is similar to Information Technology (IT), but focuses primarily on communication technologies  Common ICT Technologies 6 ¨ Internet ¤ Wired or wireless ¨ Radio communication ¨ Cellular networks  The Role of ICT in Society 7 ¨ Changes the world around us ¨ Has implications for our lives and lifestyles now and in the future ¨ It affects every aspect of our lives ¨ Access to information brings change  ICT Focuses on Telecommunication 8 ¨ Information ¨ Communication ¨ Technologies  Information 9 ¨ Information is meaningful data that leads to knowledge ¨ Knowledge brings about change Inform- Data ation Knowledge  Communication 10 ¨ Communication is the sending and receiving of information (or transferring information) ¨ One-to-one (personal) or one-to-many (broadcast) ¨ Technology provides many ways of communicating with others ¤ The primary methods are through text, voice, or video  Synchronous vs. Asynchronous 11 ¨ Synchronous: At the same time ¤ The devices or people communicating are in sync ¤ The sender waits for a reply ¨ Asynchronous: At different times ¤ A message is sent without waiting for a reply ¤ A reply may or may not come  Synchronous Communication 12 ¨ Phone conversation ¨ Instant messaging ¨ Video conferencing ¨ Audio conferences  Asynchronous Communication 13 ¨ SMS, WhatsApp, Telegram ¨ Voicemail, video message ¨ Email ¨ Discussion Forums ¨ Blogs ¨ Wikipedia (knowledge base) ¨ Google (search engine)  Synchronous vs. Asynchronous 14 Synchronous Asynchronous Phone Email Video conference Voice mail One to One Instant message Chat room Group chat Email One to Many Conference call Discussion group Wiki  Synchronous vs. Asynchronous 15  Summary 16 ¨ ICT focuses on communication technologies ¨ Information - meaningful data that leads to knowledge ¨ Communication - the transfer of information ¤ Synchronous – communicating at the same time ¤ Asynchronous – communicating at different times 17 1.2. Technology 1.1. Information and Communication 1.2. Technology 1.3. ICT in Education 1.4 Standards  Learning Objectives 18 1. Understand what technology means 2. Describe the characteristics of a computer 3. Explain the difference between the internet and the www 4. Describe the role of telecommunications  Technology 19 Definition: the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. ¨ Communication technology pre-exists electronics ¤ 16th century BC – The Phoenicians developed an alphabet ¤ 105 AD – Tsai Lun invented paper ¤ 751 – Paper is introduced to the Muslim world after the Battle of Talas ¤ 1250 – The quill is used for writing 20  Technology 21 Definition: the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. ¨ Communication technology pre-exists electronics ¤ 16th century BC – The Phoenicians developed an alphabet ¤ 105 AD – Tsai Lun invented paper ¤ 751 – Paper is introduced to the Muslim world after the Battle of Talas ¤ 1250 – The quill is used for writing  Computers (1 of 2) 22 Definition: A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, which is data. It stores, retrieves, and processes the data.  Computers (2 of 2) 23 ¨ Stores data ¨ Retrieves data ¨ Processes data ¤ Performs a set of instructions on the data to generate a specific output  Processes (1 of 3) 24 ¨ Definition: A process is a series of actions or steps taken to achieve a particular result  Processes (2 of 3) 25 ¨ Computers use programs to process data ¨ Programs are a specific set of instructions  Processes (3 of 3) 26 ¨ Examples of computer processes or operations: ¤ Performing calculations ¤ Logical decision making ¤ Outputting data ¤ Manipulating data ¤ Communicating with others computer  Characteristics of Computers 27 ¨ Speed ¨ Retrieving data and ¨ Mathematical and programs logical operations ¨ Automation ¨ Accuracy ¨ Versatility (Flexible) ¨ Reliability (consistent) ¨ Consistency ¨ Storage ¨ Communications  Applications of Computers 28 ¨ Science research ¨ Management support ¨ Education ¨ Engineering designing ¨ Business applications ¨ Road traffic control ¨ Banking ¨ Railway ¨ Office automation ¨ Medicine ¨ Desktop publishing ¨ Information services  The Internet 29 Definition: The internet is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols. ¨ A "network of networks" that consists of millions of networks that connect our world ¨ A globally connected network through LANs or WANs  The Internet 30 ¨ Provides the transportation of the network services using protocols ¨ Similar concept of the transportation infrastructure  Internet Protocol Examples 31 ¨ The world wide web ¤ web data through HTTP ¨ Communication ¤ Email, VoIP, IM ¨ Data transfer ¤ FTP, streaming media, webcams, peer-to-peer  Brief History of the Internet 32 ¨ Began as a US Department of Defense network called ARPANET (1960s-70s) ¨ Initial services: electronic mail, file transfer ¨ Opened to commercial interests in the late 80s ¨ Tim Berners-Lee creates the www in 1989-91 ¨ Popular web browsers released: ¤ Netscape 1994, IE 1995 ¨ Amazon.com started in 1995; Google January 1996  Uses of Internet 33 ¨ Searching ¨ Find information tutorials ¨ E-mail service ¨ Newspaper columns ¨ Commercial services ¨ Banking ¨ Electronic books and ¨ Downloading/uploading any publication information ¨ Video conferencing ¨ News, sports, stocks, music, etc. ¨ Sharing data and results ¨ Various fields use the internet, quickly such as education, business, ¨ Retrieving files and government, etc. applications ¨ Many more uses…  The World Wide Web 34 ¨ The world wide web (abbreviated www or the web) is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs ¨ The www is accessible via the internet  Telecommunication (1 of 2) 35 ¨ Definition: is the exchange of information over significant distances by electronic means. It refers to all types of voice, data, and video transmission ¨ Tele: at a distance  Telecommunication (2 of 2) 36 ¨ Transmits data by wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems ¨ May or may not use the internet to transmit the data  Evolution of ICT Tools 37 ¨ Radio, television, video, DVD, telephone (fixed line & mobile), satellite systems, computers, network hardware, and software Overhead LCD, PC Instant Mobile apps Chalk and TV/VHS, paging Whiteboard, messaging, (cellular and blackboard, Wireless system, Interactive Web 2.0 internet Landline Phone Pager Panel applications, based)  The Internet as an ICT Tool 38 ¨ Education ¨ Research ¨ Communication ¨ Exploring the world ¨ Leisure and Entertainment ¨ And many more …  Summary 39 ¨ Technology is the application of scientific knowledge ¨ Computers store, retrieve, and process data ¨ The internet is the global computer network ¨ The www is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources ¨ Telecommunications uses electronic device to exchange information over significant distances 40 1.3. ICT in Education 1.1. Information and Communication 1.2. Technology 1.3. ICT in Education 1.4 Standards  Learning Objectives 41 1. Describe what roles ICT plays in the sector of education 2. Explain ways that ICT technologies increase learning opportunities 3. Explain ways that ICT technologies provide greater access to learning material 4. Describe the role of an LMS  Why use ICTs in Education 42 From an Ancient Chinese Proverb: I hear and I forget, I see and I know, I do and I understand.  The use of ICT in Education 43 ¨ Expands learning opportunity ¤ distance learning, elearning, blended learning ¨ Access to educational content ¤ Online learning environments, digital content, multimedia ¨ Facilitates additional teaching and learning methods ¤ learner-centered, self-directed learning, tailored learning ¨ Administrative tools ¤ education management information systems (EMIS)  Traditional vs. Internet-based ICT education Approach 44 Traditional Classroom ICT in Education Classroom Physical – limited space Unlimited opportunities Synchronous Anytime, anywhere Lectures, limited options for Interactive, synchronous, interaction asynchronous Content PowerPoint, projector, Multimedia, simulation whiteboard Digital library Textbooks, library On demand Personalization Instructor determines the Learner controls their own same learning path for all path students  ICTs can Help Teachers Teach 45 ¨ Supports traditional learning ¤ Developing innovative and interactive lessons ¤ Selecting various content delivery methods ¤ Using classroom time differently instead of lecturing ¨ Enhances collaboration efforts with other teachers when developing lessons  ICTs can Help Students Learn 46 ¨ Encourages independent active learning ¤ Access to vast online resources ¨ Enhance inquiry and exploratory skill ¤ Search for and compare information from different sources  ICTs can Help Students Learn 47 ¨ Improved communication ¤ Student-to-student for collaboration or learning ¤ Student-to-instructor for assistance ¨ Develop writing skills ¨ Various ways of presenting projects ¤ Multimedia, online presentation tools  Learning Management Systems 48 ¨ Organize class resources ¨ Centralized information and learning ¨ Easy to expand elearning course or materials ¨ Access to class resources anytime ¨ Track progress or view grades  Summary 49 ¨ Increase learning opportunities and provide greater access to learning material ¨ Teachers use ICT to support traditional learning ¨ ICTs help students by improving communication, collaborative learning, and independent learning ¨ LMSs centralizes the online learning process and resources 50 1.4. Standards 1.1. Information and Communication 1.2. Technology 1.3. ICT in Education 1.4 Standards  Learning Objectives 51 1. Describe why standards are important 2. Explain a consequence of not having standards  The Global ICT Standards 52 ¨ An international group of organizations and businesses produce the global ICT standards ¤ dictates how the ICT industry should function ¤ are developed in many venues and countries  The Global ICT Standards 53 ¨ The global ICT standards group share certain characteristics ¤ They respond broadly to the needs of global markets ¤ They demonstrate relevance through voluntary worldwide adoption and implementation ¤ They are products of standardization processes that are consensus-based, transparent, and industry-led with participation open to any interested party.  The Internet: People and organizations 54 ¨ Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) ¤ Internet protocol standards ¨ Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) ¤ Decides top-level domain names (TLD) ¨ World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) ¤ Web standards  Top-level Domain Names (TLD) 55 Generic TLDs Country or Location Specific ¨.com – Commercial organization ¨.au – Australia ¨.net – Large Networks ¨.cn – China ¨.biz – Online business ¨.de – Germany ¨.gov – Government organization ¨.kz – Kazakhstan ¨.org – non-profit organization ¨.in – India ¨.edu - educational organization ¨.ru - Russia ¨.info – Informational websites ¨.us – United States ¨.io – Technical sites ¨.uk – United Kingdom  Global Standards Collaboration (GSC) 56 GSC is an unincorporated voluntary organization dedicated to enhancing global cooperation and collaboration regarding communications standards and the related standards development environment.  GSC includes the following standards organizations: 57 Company Location Association of Radio Industries and Businesses Japan Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions USA Communications Alliance Ltd Australia China Communications Standards Association China European Telecommunications Standards Institute Europe International Electrotechnical Commission International Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International International Organization for Standardization International ICT Standards Advisory Council of Canada Canada International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunications Industry Association USA Telecommunications Standards Development Society of India India Telecommunications Technology Association Korea Telecommunication Technology Committee Japan  Summary 58 ¨ Standards ensure that the technologies will work together ¨ An international group decides the global ICT standards ¨ Technology makers voluntarily adopt the standard ¨ ICAAN is on standards organization that govern the TLDs  Major Sources 59 ¨ http://mpforest.gov.in/HRD/trainingmodule/ICT/ICTConcepts.ppt ¨ http://www.gracekennedy.com/images/lecture/GraceLecture2007.pdf ¨ https://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/what-is-a-computer/1/ ¨ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology ¨ https://techterms.com/definition/ict