1.-The-Human-Respiratory-System.pdf

The Human Respiratory System Compiled by: EGKHAYAD Objectives: A. identify the different parts of the system; B. explain the functions and importance of each parts of the system; and C) show the transportation of the gas to and from the parts of the body Levels of Organization in the Bod...

The Human Respiratory System Compiled by: EGKHAYAD Objectives: A. identify the different parts of the system; B. explain the functions and importance of each parts of the system; and C) show the transportation of the gas to and from the parts of the body Levels of Organization in the Body Cells Tissues -Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous Organs Examples include stomach, liver, heart Organ Systems Examples include digestive and circulatory systems Human Organ Systems Skeletal Muscular Circulatory Immune Respiratory Digestive Excretory Reproductive Nervous Endocrine Integumentary RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DEFINITION FUNCTIONS Respiration is gas Oversees gas exchanges between the exchange between an blood and external environment organism and the environment. Exchange of gasses takes place within the lungs in the alveoli(only site of gas exchange, other structures passageways Passageways to the lungs purify, warm, and humidify the incoming air Shares responsibility with cardiovascular system Human Respiratory System Diagram  The nose… The external opening of the nose is the nostrils or anterior nares. nasal septum Each cavity is divided into 3 air passages: the superior, middle, and inferior conchae (KON kuh).  The nose… The nose has 5 functions: 1. It serves as an air passageway. 2. It warms and moistens inhaled air. 3. Its cilia and mucous membrane trap dust, pollen, bacteria, and foreign matter. 4. It contains olfactory receptors, which smell odors. 5. It aids in phonation and the quality of voice.  The pharynx…(throat) It is a muscular and membranous tube that is about 5 inches long, extending downward from the base of the skull. The nasopharynx is behind the nose; the oropharynx is behind the mouth; the laryngopharynx is behind the larynx. The pharynx… The pharynx has 3 functions: 1. serves as a passageway for air 2. serves as a passageway for food 3. aids in phonation by changing its shape.  The larynx…(voice box) The larynx,, is located at the upper end of the trachea, below the root of the tongue and hyoid bone. It is lined with mucous membrane. Short, tense vocal cords produce high notes; long relaxed vocal cords produce low notes.  The larynx… Epiglottis : Thyroid 1. The thyroid cartilage or Adam’s cartilage apple is usually larger in the male, allowing longer vocal cords and contributing to a deeper male voice Cricoid cartilage 2. The epiglottis covers the entrance of the larynx while swallowing, to avoid choking 3. The cricoid (KRY koid) cartilage contains the vocal cords The trachea…(windpipe) The trachea is a smooth muscular tube leading from the larynx to the main bronchi. Connects larynx with bronchi Lined with ciliated mucosa -Beat continuously in the opposite direction of incoming air -Expel mucus loaded with dust and other debris away from Trachea lungs The trachea… It is lined with cilia (hairs), which sweep foreign matter out of the pathway. It is only about 1 inch in diameter and 4 ½ inches long.  The bronchi… are the two main branches at the bottom of the trachea. The trachea divides into the right bronchus and the left bronchus, and then divides further into the bronchial tree. The bronchi… The left bronchi is smaller than the right bronchi. If a foreign body is inhaled or aspirated, it usually lodges in the larger right bronchi or enters the right lung. The lungs… The lungs are two spongy organs located in the thorax. They consist of elastic tissue, filled with an interlacing network of tubes and sacs that carry air and blood vessels that carry blood. Each lung is divided into lobes, the right lung into 3 lobes and the left lung into 2. The lungs… At the end of each bronchiole are the alveoli (al VEE oh lye). which are the air cells where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place with the capillaries.. Deoxygenated blood comes in and drops off CO2; oxygenated blood goes out. The lungs… The base of the lungs rest on the diaphragm, a muscular wall separating the thorax from the abdominal cavity. Tidal volume refers to the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing… about 500 ml. Total lung capacity is 3.6-9.4 liters in an average male.