1_Rajasthan_History,_Art_&_Culture,_Sociology_15_Oct_2023.pdf

ANSWER KEY RAS Mains - 2023 Date : 15 Oct. 2023 English/Hindi Medium Rajasthan History Art & Culture + Sociology Page No.  Rajasthan History, Art & Culture [ Unit-I ]...

ANSWER KEY RAS Mains - 2023 Date : 15 Oct. 2023 English/Hindi Medium Rajasthan History Art & Culture + Sociology Page No.  Rajasthan History, Art & Culture [ Unit-I ] PART - A Note: Attempt all questions. Answer the following questions in 15 words each. Each question carries 2 marks. 15-15 2 Q.1 Name any four later stone age sites of Rajasthan. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. Bagaur (Bhilwara) 2. Tilwara (Barmer) 3. Jayal (Nagaur) 4. Didwana (Nagaur) 5. Budha Pushkar (Ajmer) 6. Pachpadra (Barmer) Q.2 Underline the importance of Akshya Tritiya. Akshaya Tritiya/Aakhateej (Vaishakh Shukla Tritiya) is considered as Abujh Sava i.e. it is known as an auspi- cious time for occasions like marriage etc. On this day, farmers plow the fields and wish for good rainfall and produce also seven grains like millet, wheat, rice, sesame etc. are worshipped. Bikaner state was established on this day and kites are flown in Bikaner on this day. Q.3 What do you know about the naming of Rajasthan? 1829 Famous historian Colonel James Tod named this region as “Raithan” or “Rajasthan” in his book ‘Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan’ in 1829. Apart from this, the word Rajasthan was used for the first time in the Basantgarh inscription. Later, after the independence of India, its name ‘Rajasthan’ was accepted. Q.4 Briefly write about “Hala Jhala Ri Kundalia”. 700 Written by Isardas, the court poet of Rao Maldev of Marwar, this book is based on the brave warriors of the Jhala branch of Halvad. This book is one of the best creations in Dingle language. It has 700 couplets, hence it is also called Sur Satsai. Q.5 Comment briefly on "Nagarchola" dialect. Nagarchol, a subdialect of Dhundhadi, is spoken in the western part of Sawaimadhopur and in the southern and eastern parts of Tonk. Q.6 Write a short article on Neemra massacre. 6 1922 1200 During the Eki Movement/Bhomat Bhil Movement, on 6 March 1922, the Mewar Bhil Corps under the leadership of Major Shatan openly fired on a meeting of Bhils in Neemra village of Vijayanagar (Gujarat) state, in which about 1200 Bhil farmers were killed. After this incident Motilal Tejawat went underground. Page No. Q.7 Comment briefly on “Sringaarhar”. Hammir Dev, the Chauhan ruler of Ranthambore, composed this book. This book is a musical treatise. Q.8 Give a brief description of "Haddo Le Dubiyo Gangaur". 1706 Jodhasingh Hada, son of Chauhan ruler Rao Aniruddha of Bundi, drowned along with his wives and the idol of Gangaur while riding a boat on the occasion of Gangaur in Jaitasagar pond of Bundi in 1706 AD. Since then “Haado Le Doobyo Gangaur” became famous. Q.9 Comment on the contribution of ‘Balmukund Bissa’ in the freedom movement? 1934 1942 “Born in Didwana tehsil of Jodhpur state, Balmukund Bissa, inspired by Gandhiji, established Khadi Bhandar in 1934, which later became the center of political activities. In 1942, during the movement for responsible gover- nance in Jodhpur, Balmukund Bissa was arrested and sent to jail, where he was martyred due to hunger strike and torture, but inspired by him, many youth jumped into the Prajamandal movement. He is also called as Jatindas of Rajasthan. Q.10 Give a brief introduction of ‘Neemrana Stepwell’. 1740 20 This stepwell located in Alwar was built by King Mahsingh Dev in 1740 AD. It is a nine-storey underground stepwell with small rooms on each floor. Two of its nine floors remain submerged in water. The height of each floor is approximately 20 feet. This stepwell has the status of a monument of national importance. Q.11 When, where and by whom was Jaisalmer Prajamandal established? 15 1945 Jaisalmer Prajamandal was established on 15 December, 1945 in Jodhpur by Mithalal Vyas. Q.12 Comment briefly on ‘Gair-dance’. 15 This is a famous dance of Mewar and Barmer region. This is a dance performed by men in a circle from the second day of Holi for the next 15 days. In this dance, musical instruments like Dhol, Bankia and Thali are used. The Instrument players remain in the centre of the circle. Men dance while singing songs of Bhakti and Sringar Ras. Q.13 What was the ‘Ghughri tax assessment’ system? Under the Ghughri tax assessment system, the ruler, feudal lord and jagirdar used to take as rent the same amount of grain i.e. seeds that they gave to the farmer. In the other type Ghughri system, the tax depended on the yield per well or field. Page No. Q.14 Explain the nomenclature of Terahtali dance. 9 Thirteen Manjiras are required in this dance performed by the women of Kamadiya sect, out of which 9 Manjiras are on the right foot, two above the elbow of the hands and one in each hand. Sound is produced by the collision of the hand held Manjira instruments. That is why it is called ‘Terhtali dance’. Q.15 What do you understand by 'Godliya'? The practice of cauterise or Brand the livestock with large artistic marks of various shapes on the body of animals is called Aterna and the brand mark was called Godaliya. These marks on animals are symbols of a particular caste, a particular region or a particular royal family. Q.16 Why Osiyan is famous? A huge and magnificent twelfth century temple of Sachchiya Mata is situated in Osian, Jodhpur, which is built in Solanki/Marugurjar (Panchayatan) style. Sachchiya Mata is the clan goddess of Oswal community. Vishnu, Shiva and Surya temples are built at the corners of this temple. The Pratihar period temple of Lord Mahavir, the twenty- fourth Tirthankar of Jainism, is also situated in this temple complex. Q.17 Describe 'Uniyara Painting Style'. “Uniyara painting style” is a branch of “Dhundhar painting style”. It has influence of Jaipur and Bundi style. Naruka Thikana paved the way for the development of this style. The major painters of this style were Dhima, Mirbux, Kashi, Ramlakhan, Bhim etc. Q.18 Which city of Rajasthan has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List? 2019 In the year 2019, Jaipur Heritage City was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Q.19 Briefly write about "Bindola Geet". Before the marriage, the groom is invited to his relatives' place and while returning from there, Bindola song is sung. Q.20 Comment briefly on “Diggi Kalyan Ji Fair”. Diggi is a small town in Malpura subdivision of Tonk district. Here the temple of Kalyanji is situated who is considered to be the 'incarnation of Vishnu'. A fair is held thrice a year on Amavasya of Shravan month, Vaishakh Purnima and Ekadashi of Bhadrapada month. Apart from different parts of Rajasthan, devotees also come here from Bengal, Bihar and Assam. Every year in the month of Shravan, Lakhi Padayatra starts from Jaipur. Couples with wish for the birth of a child and skin patients etc. come to this. Page No. Q.21 Give a brief description of "Amar Seva Committee". 1922 In 1922, Master Pyarelal Gupta established Amar Seva Samiti in Chirawa town of Khetri area. This organization had opposed the ruler of Khetri against the practice of forced labor(Begar). This was the first incident of Jagiri repression and public awareness in Shekhawati region. Q.22 Give a brief introduction of “Saint Krishnadas Payahari”. The famous saint Krishnadas Payahari of the Ramanuja sect was the Mahant (Cheif priest) of Galtaji. He con- sumed only milk, hence became famous by the name of ‘Pyahari’. He defeated Guru Chaturnath of Jaipur Maharaja Prithviraj in Shastrartha. He composed books like ‘Julgman Charitra’, ‘Brahma Geeta’, ‘Prematattva Nirupata’ etc. in Brahmo language. His disciple Agrdas established the seat of Ramanand sect in Rewasa (Sikar). Q.23 “Mateere Ki/Ri Raad” battle took place between which rulers? 1644 In 1644 AD, this war was fought between Amar Singh, the ruler of Nagaur and Karan Singh, the ruler of Bikaner. Information about this war is found in Kashi Chhangani's book 'Chhatrapati Rasau'. Q.24 Which five items have recently been given 'GI Tag' in Rajasthan? GI Tag 2023 GI Tag 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5 items to get GI Tag in the year 2023 - 1. Pichwai (Nathdwara) 2. Embroidery (Bikaner) 3. Bandhej (Jodhpur) 4. Usta Kala (Bikaner) 5. Kofratgiri (Udaipur) Q.25 What is the meaning of “Jasma Odan”? This play, written by Shanta Gandhi, it is based on the Bhavai folk theater style which is popular at the interna- tional level. This play deals with the struggle of the common man, it shows the class struggle between upper and lower class and women empowerment. Page No.  PART - B Note: Answer the following questions in 50 words each. Each question carries 5 marks. fuEu esal s l Hkh i z'uksad k mÙkj 50-50 5 Q.1 What changes were visible in the feudal system of Rajasthan during the Mughal period? In Rajasthan, during the medieval period, the categories and status of feudal lords were determined. Initially the feudal system was like a tent and the king was the first among the equals and the feudal lords were his supporters. During the Mughal period, during the reign of Akbar, dependence on the feudal lords ended, their role in succes- sion selection was abolished, along with the tax system being regularized, new taxes (inheritance fee) were im- posed and a class system like the ladder-like Mansabdari system was introduced. In almost all the princely states of Rajasthan, clearly classified categories of feudal lords were created. This classification was influenced by the Mansabdari system of the Mughals. On the basis of these categories, the position of the feudal lords in the royal court, their place to sit, respect, offers etc. were decided. The main basis for determining categories was clan prestige and blood relations. Mainly some categories were prevalent in Rajasthan- There were four categories of feudal lords in Marwar – Rajvi, Sardar, Ginayat, Mutsaddi. In Jaipur initially “Barah Kotri” later two categories “Tajimi and Khas Chowki” developed. There were Deshathi and Hazurthi categories in Kota. Although there were changes in the feudal system during the Mughal period, still it can be said that our basic structure remained similar to a tent. Q.2 Explain the religious importance of Pushkar. 52 12 Pushkar is known as 'Teerthraj'. Along with religious importance, Pushkar is also known for tourism and cattle fair. Among the major religious places here, the following are notable - Brahma Temple - This is the only temple dedicated to Lord Brahma in the world. In this temple, there is a four-faced Brahma idol sitting on a swan. According to legend, Pushkar Sarovar was built by Lord Brahma. It is one of the holiest lakes of India. There are 52 ghats built on this lake. In the month of Kartik, devotees from all over the country and the world come here for the holy bath. The ashes of former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Mahatma Gandhi and many other personalities were also immersed in this lake. Savitri Temple- This is the temple of Savitri Mata, the wife of Lord Brahma, situated on the mountain. 'Rope-way' is also operated at this temple for convenient transportation. Page No.  Gurdwara Singh Sabha- The first Sikh Guru Nanak Dev and the tenth Guru Gobind Singh ji had come here. Varaha Temple – This is a temple of Lord Vishnu built in the 12th century. Rangji Temple - This is the temple of Rangji i.e. Lord Vishnu. The architecture of this temple is influenced by Dravidian, Rajput and Mughal styles. Apart from the above mentioned major religious places, the importance of bathing in Pushkar Lake in the month of Kartik, Pushkar Fair etc. underlines the importance of Pushkar. The coordination and harmony of places of differ- ent religions give Pushkar its uniqueness. Q.3 Write a short article on Gilund civilization. 1957-58 1998 2003 1900-1700 The site of Chalcolithic civilization was found through the excavation of two mounds (Modiya Magri) on the banks of Banas river in Gilund town situated in Rajsamand district. This place is synonymous with Ahad civilization and is also known as Banas culture. Excavation was carried out here under the direction of B.B. Lal in 1957-58. Later, between 1998 and 2003, excavation work was also done here by Dr. V.S. Shinde and Prof. Gregory Poshal. The Copper Age remains found here are of approximately 1900-1700 BC. Remains of buildings made of baked bricks have been found in Gilund. Remains of crude stoves and granaries have been found in the buildings. Five types of pottery have been found from Gilund - black, plain, polished brown, red and black painted pottery. During excavation, remains of clay toys, stone tablets and ivory bangles have also been found from this site. Q.4 Giving a brief introduction of Vijaydan Detha, write a short article on his literary contributions and honours. 1 1926 800 1973 14 1965 2011 1974 2007 31 2012 10 2013 Vijaydan Detha, born on 1 September 1926 in Borunda village of Jodhpur district, was a well-known storyteller and satirist, known by the pen name "Bijji".He wrote more than 800 stories. In 1973, filmmaker Mani Kaul made a film based on his story 'Duvidha' with the name Duvidha and Shahrukh Khan made a film based on the same story with the name 'Paheli'. This film was also nominated for Oscar. His story collection ‘Baataan Ri Phulwari’ is in 14 volumes. Alekhu Hitler, Anokha Ped, Mahamilan, Sapanpriya etc. are his famous books. In 1965, along with Komal Kothari, he established the Rupayan Institute in Borunda. In 2011, he was also nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature. Detha was awaded Sahitya Akademi Award in 1974 and Padmashree in 2007. The Rajasthan govern- ment awarded the first 'Rajasthan Ratna' award to him on March 31, 2012. He died on November 10, 2013. His books were translated in indian and foreign languages.His books depict folklife of rajasthan(medivel feudal system ) Q.5 Write a short article on Bundi peasant movement. 25 1922 2 1923 1923 1936 5 1936 90 Page No.  In Bundi State, about 25 types of levies/taxes and high tax rates were imposed on the farmers. Bijolia and Begun farmers' movement inspired and influenced the people of Bundi state. From April, 1922, the farmers of Barad area of Bundi started a movement against the state. This movement was led by Rajasthan Seva Sangh member Pt. Nayanuram Sharma. The state tried to suppress the movement. On April 2, 1923, the police lathi-charged and fired on a farmers' meeting in Dabi village. Nanakji Bhil and Devi Lal Gurjar were martyred. The above incident was condemned everywhere. Ramnarayan Chaudhary met the farmers. This movement was discussed in Tarun Rajasthan, Naveen Rajasthan, Rajasthan Kesari and Pratap newspapers. Thus some concessions were provided. But due to lack of guidance from Rajasthan Seva Sangh, it became weak by the end of 1923. This movement became active again from 1936 AD. On 5 October 1936, Meena-Gurjar farmers from 90 villages gathered in Hindoli, where a demand letter was prepared and sent to the state government. When the demands were rejected the movement got intensified. After some time, some relaxation was provided in grazing tax and other taxes. later on , this movement ended due to lost leadership but was a milestone in preparing background of prajamandal movement. Q.6 Write a short article on Kirti Stambh euology. Kirti Stambh eulogy has been installed in the Vijay Stambh courtyard of Chittorgarh Fort. Its composers were “Atri Bhatt and Mahesh Bhatt”. At present only two stones are found. In this euology, there is a detailed description of rulers like Bappa, Hammir, Kumbha etc. It highlights the personal qualities of Kumbha. In this, Kumbha has been addressed with titles like Danguru, Shailguru etc. In this, the texts written by Kumbha, Chandishatak, commentary on Geet Govind, Sangeetraj etc. have been mentioned. There is mention of Kumbha's victories in Malwa and Gujarat etc. It is an effective source for information about the history of Mewar and contemporary India. Q.7 Outline the reasons for the Bhil rebellion in Rajasthan in the nineteenth century. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. (1822 ) (1841 ) Reasons for tribal movements:- 1. Due to British rule, new administrative system and judicial system came into existence in the states. The tribes could not understand these changes and resisted them. 2. The forest rights of the tribes were abolished and their traditional shifting agriculture was banned. 3. There was interference in the social customs of the tribes. Example: Ban on Dakan practice. 4. Excessive taxes were imposed by the feudal lords which were collected in cash. Hence the tribes got trapped in the debt trap of moneylenders. 5. Under the new excise policy, tribes could not make Mahua liquor. 6. The British formed Merwara Battalion (1822 A.D.) and Mewar Bhil Corps (1841 A.D.) for the security of the tribal areas by abolishing the Bola tax and guarding tax and the expenses of these armies were transferred to the tribes. Due to above reasons bhagat movement(Govind giri) and Eki movement (Motilal Tejawat)took place which re- sulted in political consiciousness among tribes and they became inclined towards democratic system and secured their contribution in prajamandal movement. Page No. Q.8 Explain the role of the poets and writers of Rajasthan in developing anti-British sentiments. 19 1857 1903 Poets and litterateurs made an important contribution in spreading freedom consciousness among the people of Rajasthan. They created folk songs and literature in regional languages. These writings spread the feeling of nation- alism among the people. The poet Hulasi of Bharatpur state had given the call to oppose the British through heroic songs since the beginning of the 19th century. Poet Purna Singh also created poems full of anti-British and national- ism. Among those who created public awareness and anti-British sentiments in Rajasthan, the names of Suryamall Meesan of Bundi and Shankardan Samor of Marwar are especially noteworthy. Vansh Bhaskar and Veer Satsai are important among the works of Bundi's royal poet Suryamall Misan. In Veer Satsai, the inactive Rajput rulers have been inspired by the British power by organizing themselves in the freedom struggle of 1857. Kesari Singh Barhath, by writing thirteen couplets under the name 'Chetavani Ra Chungtiya', inspired Maharana Fateh Singh not to attend the Delhi Darbar of 1903. Q.9 Throw light on the contribution of Sawai Madho Singh II in architecture. 1904 It was during the reign of Sawai Madho Singh II that postal stamps and postcards were first introduced in Rajasthan in 1904 in Jaipur. He gave a grant of Rs 5 lakh to Madan Mohan Malviya for the construction of Banaras Hindu University. He built the famous Mubarak Mahal in Chandramahal, which is an example of Mughal-Rajput and European architecture. On the occasion of the coronation of British ruler Edward VII, he went to London carrying Ganga water in two big silver urns. This silver urn is currently kept in Mubarak Mahal. These are considered to be the largest silver vessels in the world. He built nine identical palaces for his nine Paswans in Nahargarh Fort. Which were built in uniformity, attractive color combination and according to the climate. Q.10 Underline the main features of Shekhawati Haveli architecture. The mansions of Shekhawati have high platforms, high doors, long poles, high stairs, huge squares (construction of one or two squares and rooms adjacent to them), artistic openings near the door, construction of one/two/three floors. Features like use of limestone, wood and cast metal etc. were found. Major mansions include Havelis of Shekhawati (Golden City), Havelis of Rupnivas, Bhagat, Jalan Poddar and Bhageria in Nawalgarh, Tibadewala Haveli in Jhunjhunu, Sone Chandi Ki Haveli of Mahansar, Haveli of Bagadiya, Haveli of Isardas Modi and Pansari in Srimadhopur. Haveli is a sight to behold. Apart from this, the havelis of Shekhawati are famous for the artistry of their wall paintings, which is also known as 'Open Art Gallery' due to its excellent color combination and use of company style. Page No. Q.11 Write a short article on ‘Dabu Print’. Akola village of Chittorgarh district is famous for Dabu print. In dyeing and printing, the place where color is not to be applied is pressed with paper pulp. This pulp like substance is called 'Dabu', because it covers the area of the cloth where color is not to be applied. Dabu is made of wax in Sawai Madhopur, of clay in Balotra and of wheat germ in Sanganer and Bagru. Akola's Dabu print bedsheets, clothes, chundari and fantia are famous in the country and abroad. Dabu print Bandhej sarees and clothes are preferred in cities, while Chundri and Fentia are preferred in rural areas. Their dyeing and printing are mainly done on white fabric from Mumbai. Q.12 Write a short article on the fifth phase of integration of Rajasthan? 13 1949 23 1949 10 1949 15 1949 Due to economic backwardness and administrative inaction of Matsya Sangh, there was discussion on its merger with Rajasthan or Uttar Pradesh since the time of its formation. On February 13, 1949, the rulers and ministers of Matsya Sangh were called to Delhi to discuss the merger, in which Alwar and Karauli agreed, but Bharatpur and Dholpur princely states disagreed. Then on March 23, 1949, V.P. Menon again held talks with these disagreeing princely states and made public opinion the criterion for merger. Shankarrao Dev Committee was formed to know the public opinion and this committee reported in its report that majority of the people of these princely states are in favor of merger with Rajasthan. Therefore, on May 10, 1949, all four states of Matsya Union gave their approval to the merger into Greater Rajasthan, as a result, in the fifth phase, 'United Greater Rajasthan' was formed (May 15, 1949). In this phase, Matsya Sangh Chief Minister Shobharam Kumawat was included in the Hiralal Shastri cabinet. PART - C Note: Answer the following questions in 100 words each. The question carries 10 marks. 100-100 10 Q.1 Discuss the teachings and achievements of saints of Bhakti movement of medieval Rajasthan. Page No.  The teachings and achievements of the saints of the Bhakti movement of medieval Rajasthanhave also affected Rajasthani literature. In these teachings, the saints brought out the subjects of self-knowledge, philosophy, philoso- phy etc. to the masses in folk languages. Prominent among such saints are Pabuji, Ramdevji, Mallinath ji, Hadbuji, Tejaji, Gogaji etc. These saints showed the right path to the common people with their pen tried to shape to the idea of a 'better society' by eradicating all types of discrimination in the society. Due to the abundance of writings ofthese saints and devotees, this period was named the Bhakti period. During this period, various saints and the sects propagated by them made deep impact in the world and people followed their path. Prominent among such sects are Ramsnehi, Dadupanth, Nathpanth, Alkhiya sect, Vishnoi sect, Jasnathi sect etc. These sects stressed the importance of name-recieting, emphasis on Nirguna worship, importance of Guru and called for eradicating discrimination in the caste system. Along with them, Sagun devotee poets also worshiped and glorified their deities through their compositions. Such compositions include Bhakta Shiromani Meera bai's 'Padawali and Narsiji Ro Mairo', Prithviraj Rathore's 'Veli Kisan Rukmani Ri', Madhodas Dadhwadia's 'Ramraso', Isardas's 'Haridas' and 'Deviyan' Sayanji Jhula's 'Nagadaman and Rukmani Haran' is the main creation of this sequence. Q.2 “Architecture is the heritage of Rajasthani history.” Explain. Page No.  The forts, temples, royal palaces, stepwells and other buildings located at various places in Rajasthan present a harmonious and beautiful depiction of Rajasthan architecture. Rajasthani architecture mainly includes forts, archi- tecture, temple architecture, mansions and stepwells etc. Town Architecture:- The Bronze Age site Kalibanga was divided into two parts – the citadel (administrative build- ing), the lower city (houses of the common people). Both parts were surrounded by separate raimparts. Fort architecture:- Due to the rise of Rajput culture, forts were built as symbols of bravery and defense. In Amer Fort situated on the mountain slopes in Jaipur, the palaces were given the form of a fort. The temples of Shiladevi, Jagatshiromani and Ambikeshwar Mahadev located in Amer Fort have been important since historical times. The ramparts of Kumbhalgarh Fort situated in Rajsamand district are unique. Gagron Fort located in Jhalawar is unique and amazing in itself due to the inaccessible path, deep trench all around and strong walls. Chittor Fort is the largest in terms of area. Kirtistambh built by Rana Kumbha inside Chittorgarh is unique in terms of its craft and architecture. Queen Padmini's palace, Navlakha Bhandar, Jain Kirti Stambh, Kumbhshyam Temple, Samiddheshwar Temple, Meera Temple, Kalika Mata Temple, Shringaar Chanwari etc. built inside the fort are worth seeing. Jaigarh Fort located in Jaipur is known for its huge water tanks. Jaigarh is called a mysterious fort because of its many secret tunnels. The palaces and structure of Junagarh Fort in Bikaner are based on Mughal architecture. Ganganiwas, Phoolmahal, Gajmandir, Anupmahal, Karnamahal, Lal Niwas etc. located in Junagadh Fort are prominent. Jaisalmer Fort is made of big yellow stones without using lime mortar. Mehrangarh (Jodhpur), made of red sandstone, is unmatched in terms of architecture. Among the structures of this fort, the grandeur of Moti Mahal, Fateh Mahal, Takhtvilas, Ajitvilas etc. is praiseworthy. Ranthambore Fort located in Sawai Madhopur is famous for its strong fortifications. Among other forts, the architecture of Taragarh (Ajmer), Taragarh (Bundi), Nahargarh (Jaipur), Lohagarh (Bharatpur), Bala Fort (Alwar), Siwana Fort (Barmer) etc. is worth seeing. Temple Architecture:- Due to the influence of devotion, power and spirituality, many temples were built in Rajasthan. The architecture of Ranakpur Jain Temple, Ekling Ji Temple, Neelkanth (Kumbhalgarh) Temple etc. is equivalent to Fort Architecture. Temples built in Gurjara-Pratihar style like Kalika Temple (Chittor), Abhaneri Temple (Dausa), Naktimata Temple (Jaipur) etc. are famous for their ornate pillars, ornate platform etc. Chandravati Temple of Abu and Undeshwar Temple (Bijolia) are built in Solanki and Bhumij style respectively. Due to the sculptures of Kamashastra, the temples of Kiradu are called 'Khajurao of Rajasthan'. There are many Jain temples in Rajasthan, which are famous for their unique floor configuration, composition and form, such as Jain temples of Ranakpur, Osian and Jaisalmer, Sevadi Temple (Pali), Chandkhedi (Jhalawar), Shri Mahavir Ji (Karauli), etc. Havelis and stepwells:- Havelis of Rajasthan are famous for their intricate carvings on their balconies, verandahs and windows, which include Nathmal ki Haveli and Salim Singh Haveli in Jaisalmer, Bachhavtaun Haveli in Bikaner, sone-chandi Haveli of Shekhawati and Pansari Ki Haveli. etc. is included. In Rajasthan, Chand Bawadi (Dausa), Trimukhi Bawadi (Udaipur), Naulakha Bawadi (Dungarpur), Rani ji ki Bawadi (Bundi), Ghosundi Bawadi (Chittor) etc. are famous for their excellent architecture. With time and prosperity, excellence, vastness and subtlety got incorporated in Rajasthan, hence the diversity of architecture is the specialty of Rajasthan's architecture. Q.3 Explain with examples the role of journalism in public awareness during the freedom movement in Rajasthan. 1849       16  Page No.  The role of press is decisive in eradicating ignorance and spreading public awareness. Rajasthan's first newspaper 'Mazharul Saroor' published from Bharatpur state in 1849 AD and various newspapers and magazines published thereafter played an important role in public awareness by supporting the political and economic rights of the common people and opposing social evils.  Rajputana Herald (the first newspaper of the stream of public consciousness), Rajputana Times and Rajputana Gazette gave prominent place to the news of maladministration of the princely states and atrocities on the princely people.  Aangivaan, Navjeevan and Prajasevak newspapers supported the movements going on in the princely states against the rulers and jagirdars and attacked the monarchy.  Through Tarun Rajasthan Patra, Shobhalal Gupta, Ramnarayan Chaudhary, Jayanarayan Vyas raised their voice against the autocratic rulers of Jodhpur, Sirohi and other states.  Newspapers like Sarvahit and Rajasthan Kesari etc. published the news of the movement in British India and spread the feeling of patriotism.  Naveen/Tarun Rajasthan supported the farmer movements like Bijolia, Begun, Bundi, and Neemuchana etc. and made the common people aware about the rights of farmers.  Young Rajasthan newspaper exposed the shameless behavior and superstitions of Sadhus, while Arya Martand published widow remarriage advertisements free of cost in support of widow remarriage and 16 pages were dedicated to women's awakening (aadhi duniya)in Tyagbhoomi newspaper.  Tyagbhoomi (Haribhau Upadhyay) newspaper emphasized the creative works of Gandhiji by propagating Gandhian ideology. Apart from the newspapers published from Rajasthan, newspapers from other part of India also played an impor- tant role in public awareness in Rajasthan, like - Pratap (Kanpur): Support of Bijolia movement and opposition to forced labor in Bikaner. - Vishwamitra (Calcutta): Opposition to social evils, support of widow remarriage. In conclusion, newspapers exposed the problems of Rajasthan at the national level and the people's movement of Rajasthan got national support and also paved the way for social reforms. Q.4 Mention the effects of the treaties made by the princely states of Rajasthan with the British, which created the background of the revolution of 1857. 1857 1818 1835 1841 (1822 ), 1834 1818 Page No.  The rulers of Rajasthan had signed the treaty of 1818 AD with the British for protection from Maratha terror and to establish control over their feudal lords. After the treaty was concluded, the Rajput rulers tried to crush the power of the feudal lords with the help of the British. Over time, the British took many such steps which weakened the position of the feudal lords. The feudal lords used to provide security to the traders by collecting fees like toll, food etc. from the traders and in return they provided security to the traders. Their privileges were abolished. The British started interfering in the administration and internal affairs of the states through political agents, which reduced the respect and political status of the rulers. The British had started interfering in all matters of state succession, policy, governance etc. Economic expliotation of the princely states:- The company used to collect khiraj from the princely states in return for its services, but in case of non-payment of khiraj on time, additional compound interest was also charged on the khiraj. The expenses of various military cantonments established by the Company were paid by the princely states. Jodhpur Legion (Headquarters Erinpur, established 1835 AD-) Mewar Bhil Corps (Khairwara, 1841 AD-), Merwara Battalion (1822 AD-) and Shekhawati Brigade (Jhunjhunu, 1834 AD-) etc. military units, which were under the British Government. The expenditure was borne by the princely states. For the maintenance of these military units, excessive revenue was collected from the feudal lords and common people, due to which the economy of the states collapsed. Due to the delay and refusal of the rulers to pay these military expenses, the Company took over some strategically important area of the state, such as the control over Sambhar Lake by the British. After the treaty of 1818 AD, the undesirable interference by the British in the administration of the states of Rajasthan, control over the economic resources, the amount of annual khiraj collected by the British, curtailment of privileges of feudal lords and interference in the social life of Rajasthan led to widespread discontent. Gave birth to. Q.5 “Prajamandal movement played an important role in spreading political consciousness and aware- ness among the common people.” Discuss? 1931 ; ; Page No.  With the establishment of Praja Mandals in Rajasthan in 1931, the demand for responsible governance started - Prajamandals made the common people aware and awakened about the fundamental rights through their various newspapers and magazines like Sevak, Vaibhav etc. Local-language newspapers like Angibaan, Rajasthan Weekly etc. and Prajamandal workers awakened political consciousness by regularly villages. Various newspapers and magazines published by Prajamandal like Sangram, Vijay, Vaibhav etc. emphasized on freedom of expression. Various Prajamandal leaders like Ramnarayan Chaudhary, Manikyalal Verma etc. made the farmers aware of their rights and made it more widespread by connecting them with the national movement. The leaders of Prajamandal spread the political values of the national movement in the princely states by partici- pating in the national sessions of the Congress. Prajamandal leaders participated in the Quit India Movement and national leaders of Congress like Jawahar Lal Nehru, Rajagopalachari, Vijayalakshmi Pandit etc. participated in the Prajamandal session which promoted national unity. With the promotion of national unity, the people of the princely states put pressure on the rulers, due to which the merger of the princely states into India became possible. Due to the efforts of the Prajamandal, the common people, who became conscious, demanded participation in governance, hence responsible governance was established in the princely states, such as under the leadership of Gokullal Asawa in the Shahpura princely state. The people who became aware of their rights demanded constitutional governance; as a result, constitutions were made in the princely states, for example, K.M.Munshi prepared the constitution of Mewar. In this way, the political consciousness and public awareness arising from the influence of the Prajamandal movement paved the way for the establishment of constitutionally accountable governance, which led to the establishment of democracy in place of monarchy. Q.6 Discuss the tourism circuits of Rajasthan. 1956 1989 16% i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. I. 10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. II. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. III. 10 IV. V. VI. 1. 2. 3. 4. Page No.  Tourism Department was established in Rajasthan in 1956 and tourism was given the status of industry in 1989. The importance of Rajasthan tourism can be stated from the fact that every third tourist coming to India comes to Rajasthan. Tourism has 16% contribution in GDP. Various schemes, policies and measures to promote tourism The circuits have been constructed by the government. Tourism Circuit of Rajasthan:- i. General Tourism Circuit ii. Archaeological Circuit iii. Eco Adventure Circuit iv. Wild Life Circuit v. Tribal Tourism Circuitvi. Spiritual Circuit I. General Tourism Circuit:- On the basis of tourism development, Rajasthan has been divided into 10 tourism circuits. 1. Shekhawati Circuit 2. Alwar Circuit 3. Bharatpur Circuit 4. Dhundhar Circuit 5. Ranthambore Circuit 6. Hadoti Circuit 7. Mewar Circuit 8. Mount Abu Circuit 9. Merwara Circuit 10. Maru Triangle II. Archaeological Circuit:- All the seven divisional headquarters of Rajasthan have been made Archaeological Circuit. 1 Jodhpur Circuit 2. Ajmer Circuit 3. Jaipur Circuit 4. Bikaner Circuit 5. Udaipur Circuit 6. Kota Circuit 7. Bharatpur Circuit III. Eco Adventure Circuit:- It covers 10 districts of Rajasthan which include Jaipur, Alwar, Kota, Udaipur, Chittorgarh Rajsamand, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Sirohi. IV. Wild Life Circuit:- Alwar, Karauli, Dhaulpur, Jaipur, Sirohi, Rajsamand and Pratapgarh have been included in this. V. Tribal Tourism Circuit:- Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh and Udaipur have been included in this. VI. Spiritual Circuit:- 1. Buddha Circuit 2. Krishna Circuit 3. Balaji Circuit 4. Tirtha Circuit Apart from spiritual, religious and historical tourism, the trend of wedding tourism and rural tourism has also increased at present. Q.7 “In the medieval period, the Rajput rulers tried their best from time to time to stop the Muslim power.” Explain. III 1222 1229 1299 1567-68 1597 1615 1711 1544 30 1583 Page No.  In the medieval period, Rajput rulers and feudal lords gave their best to encounter Muslim power. The Muslim resistance by the Rajput rulers in the medieval period can be divided into three parts – before the establishment of the Sultanate, the Sultanate period and the Mughal period. For the first time, during the reign of Pratihar ruler Nagabhatta I, it was successful in blocking the Arabs power in the middle of the eighth century. Chauhan ruler Govind III of Shakambhari along with King Bhim of Gujarat stopped Mahmud Ghaznavi (Prabandhakosh). Ajayraj Chauhan, Vigraha Raj IV and Prithviraj-III Chauhan prevented the Muslim hegemony in India till the First Battle of Tarain, but with the defeat of Prithviraj III in the Second Battle of Tarain, the way was paved for the establishment of Muslim power in India. Iltutmish, the first Sultan of Delhi Sultanate, attacked Nagda between 1222 AD and 1229 AD, which was defeated by Jaitra Singh in the battle of Bhutala. Jaitra Singh's son Tej Singh failed Balban's attack, while in 1299 AD, Samar Singh took punishment from Alauddin's army. Alauddin Khilji defeated all the important princely states of Rajasthan (Jaisalmer, Ranthambore, Mewar, Malwa, Jalore, Siwana) and weakened the power of the Rajput rulers, which was strengthened again during the reign of Maharana Kumbha and Sanga. Kumbha defeated all the important powers of that time, while Rana Sanga defeated Sultan Ibrahim Lodi of Delhi in the battle of Khatoli and Bari. The resistance to Mughal power by the rulers of Rajasthan started from Babar and continued till Aurangzeb and after him the north-eastern rulers. Prominent among these rulers are Maharana Sanga of Mewar, Maharana Pratap, Raj Singh, Rao Maldev of Jodhpur, Rao Chandrasen, Maharao Surtan Deora of Sirohi etc. With Babur's invasion of India, Mughal conflict with the rulers of Rajasthan became inevitable. Under the leadership of Rana Sanga, Rajput rulers formed an alliance in the plains of Khanwa and fought against Babar but Sanga was defeated. Due to this, the royal power came out of the hands of Rajputs and came into the hands of Mughals. During the time of Maharana Udai Singh, Akbar attacked Chittor in 1567-68 AD. Maharana Pratap resisted the Mughal power throughout his life, in which the battles of Haldighati and Devair are prominent. After Pratap's death in 1597 AD, Amar Singh continu- ously fought with the Mughals and finally made a treaty with the Mughals in 1615 AD to take care of the deteriorat- ing system of Mewar. Maintaining friendly relations with a powerful Mughal ruler like Aurangzeb and increasing enmity when necessary was the result of Raj Singh's timely policy. In the battle of Bandanwara (1711 AD), the army of Sangram Singh II defeated the Mughal commander Ranbaz Khan. This war was the last war of the long-running Mughal-Mewar conflict. The army of Maldev, the ruler of Marwar, faced Sher Shah Suri in the battle of Giri-Sumel in 1544 AD. Maldev's son Chandrasen fought against Akbar all his life to protect his independence, spent most of his life in the mountains, but did not accept subordination. Durgadas Rathore fought against Aurangzeb for 30 years and made Ajit Singh the ruler of Marwar. Maharao Surtan, the ruler of Sirohi, established an invincible record by defeating Akbar's army in the battle of Dattani in 1583 AD. Unit - III (Section - A) (20 Marks) ( - III) ( - A) (20 ) Part - A Marks : 10 - 10 Q.1 Mention any four efforts made by the Government of India for the empowerment of the disabled. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 2016 (v) (RGNF) Programs/Initiatives for the disabled in India (i) Sugamya Bharat Campaign (ii) Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme (iii) Sugamya library (iv) Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (v) National Fellowship for Students with Disabilities (RGNF) Page No. Q.2 Outline any four constitutional provisions made for the welfare of Scheduled Tribes. 15 : 16(4)(A) : 17 : 19 : 25 : 29 : 46 : : : 335 : 338-A : 342 : Constitutional Provisions for Scheduled Tribes Article 15 : The State shall not discriminate against any person on the basis of religion, class, caste, sex or place of birth. Article 16(4)(A) : Provides for reservation for specific categories. Article 17 : Aboilition of untouchability. Article 19 : Freedom to practice any profession. Article 25 : Opening of public and religious places for all castes. Article 29 : Protection of language, script and culture. Article 46 : The State shall promote the educational and economic interests of the backward classes. Fifth Schedule : Special provisions for tribes. Sixth Schedule : Special provisions for tribal communities of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram. Article 335 : Reservation for ST in government jobs. Article 338-A : Provision for National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. Article 342 : The President can declare any tribe as a Scheduled Tribe after consultation with the Governor of the concerned state. Q.3 What is the percolation principle of poverty alleviation? (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) - Why Growth Matters Downward filtration/Percolation Theory of Poverty Alleviation (i) Under this, the government should spend on infrastructure. (ii) The government should focus on investment and production activities. (iii) If there is more investment then people will get employment. They will get regular income from employment, which will enable people to come above the poverty line. (iv) Supporters- Jagdish Bhagwati, Arvind Panagariya. (v) Book – Why Growth Matters. Q.4 Define Westernization. M.N. 150 Page No.  Westernization Westernization is a form of sanskritisation when society adopts western culture, western values, western ideology and western lifestyle. According to M.N Srinivas, Westernization refers to the changes in Indian society and culture as a result of 150 years of colonial rule. Q.5 What is meant by Anticipatory Socialization? Anticipatory Socialization According to Merton, the process through which an individual or group starts learning the customs, rituals and values of the reference group is called anticipatory socialization. Part - B Marks : 10 - 10 Q.1 What was the impact of globalization on the Indian Caste System? (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Effect of Globalization on the Indian Caste System. (i) The caste system weakened due to economic opportunities, education and liberal ideas. (ii) The prevalence of occupation on caste basis has decreased. (iii) Untouchability has decreased. (iv) There has been an increase in inter-caste marriages. (v) The caste system has weakened, but casteism has increased. Q.2 Explain the structural features of caste system according to G.S. Ghuriye. G.S. G.S. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) Structural Features (According to G.S. Ghuriye) (i) Caste is a segmental division of society, where restrictions are imposed among the members on the basis of birth. (ii) Caste system is a social and religious hierarchy, where privileges are imposed on some castes and disabilities on others. (iii) Caste is an endogamous group. (iv) Occupation in caste are birth based restricted and fixed. (v) Caste system is based on given status. (vi) High and low levels are found in the caste system. Page No.  RAS Mains - 2023 (Hindi & English) Time : 30 M Marks - 40 (1/2 × 20 = 10) 1. = 2. = 3. = 4. = 5. = 6. = 7. = 8. = 9. = 10. = 11. = 12. = 13. = 14. = 15. = 16. = 17. = 18. = 19. = 20. = 21. jktLFkku ljdkj dk;kZy; ftyk dyDVj] Vksad Øekad %& i- 6 ¼d½@dkftd@lkiz@2023@145 fnukad%& 15 vDVwcj] 2023 v/kh{kd vfHk;ark tu LokLF; vfHk;kaf=dh foHkkx] VksadA fo"k; % 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa ty vkiwfrZ lq/kkjus gsrq A lUnHkZ % tuizfrfuf/k;ksa rFkk turk is;ty vkiwfrZ lq/kkjkFkZ Kkiuksa ds lanHkZ esaA mi;qZDr fo"k; ,oa lUnHkkZUrxZr ;g Kkr gqvk gS fd ftys ds 'kgjh ,oa dLck {ks=ksa esa foxr dkQh fnuksa ls ty vkiwfrZ O;oLFkk lqpk: :i ls ugha py jgh gS fcuk fdlh iwoZlwpuk ds tykiwfrZ ds le; esa Øfed :i ls ifjorZu djus ds dkj.k fuokfl;ksa dks vusd leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA è;krO; gS fd orZeku le; esa ty dh vko';drk izR;sd O;fDr ds xq.koÙkkiw.kZ thou fuokZg gsrq vR;ko';d gS 'kgjh ,oa dLck {ks= ds fuokfl;ksa dks gks jgh ;g leL;k cM+s [ksn dk fo"k; gSA vr% mDr laca/k esa vki ,d fo'ks"k Vhe dk xBu djok,¡] bu {ks=ksa esa ty vkiwfrZ dks csgrj cukus ,oa yksxksa dh leL;kvksa ds lek/kku gsrq Rofjr ,oa vfoyEc iz;kl djsaA gLrk{kj ¼d [k x½ ftyk dyDVj] Vksd a A Page No.  Øekad %& i- 6 ¼d½@dkftd@lkiz@2023@145 fnukad%& 15 vDVwcj] 2023 izfrfyfi %& fuEufyf[kr dks lwpukFkZ izsf"kr gS& 1- laHkkxh; vk;qDr egksn;] vtesj laHkkx] jktLFkkuA 2- eq[; vfHk;ark] tu LokLF; vfHk;kaf=dh foHkkx] vtesj laHkkxA 3- leLr vf/k'kklh vfHk;rk] tu LokLF; vfHk;kaf=dh foHkkx] mn;iqjA 4- jf{kr i=koyhA gLrk{kj ¼d [k x½ ftyk dyDVj] VksadA RAS Mains - 2023 (English) Identify the error/errors if any and rewrite the following sentences : Marks (1 × 10 = 10) 1. English are wise people. Ans.The English are wise people. 2. The French is a difficult language. Ans.French is a difficult language. 3. He is the Indian. Ans. He is an Indian. 4. She purchased bananas by a dozen. Ans.She purchased bananas by the dozen. 5. The Parliment will consider the bill. Ans.Parliment will consider the bill. 6. Parliament of India. Ans.The Parliament of India. 7. He hit her on head. Ans. He hit her on the head. 8. This is end of her career. Ans.This is the end of her career. 9. The Science is boom for us. Ans. Science is boon for us. 10. Science in this book is difficult to understand. Ans.Science in this book is difficult to understand. Page No. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow : (Q. No. 11 to 15) Marks (5 × 2 = 10) The world is very full of people-appallingly-full, it has never been so full before, and they are all tumbling overeach other. Most of these people one doesn't know and some of them one doesn't like. Well, what is one to do? There are two solutions. One of them is the Nazi solution. If you don't like people, kill them,banish them, and segregate them. The other way is much less thrilling, but it is on the whole the way of the democracies, and I prefer it. If you don't like people, put up with them as well as you can. Don't try to love them; you can't, you'll only strain yourself. But try to tolerate them. 11. What does the author mean by appallingly? Ans.By appallingly the author means disconcertingly large numbers. 12. According to the writer,What is Nazi solution? Ans.According to the writer,Nazi solution is thrilling because in this if you don't like people you can kill them,banish them, and segregate them. 13. Why does the author think that the solution other than the Nazi one is much less thrilling ? Ans.The solution other than the Nazi one is much less thrilling because it is based on tolerance. 14. Why does the author prefer the second solution? Ans.The author prefers the second solution because it is the way of democracy. 15. What may be the nearest synonym of the word? Segregate Ans.Separate Page No.