English Language 1 Exam Notes PDF

English language 1  The need to learn a foreign language Foreign language study is all about learning how to truly communicate and connect with others—an incredibly important life skill that can only be cultivated by interacting with people. When you master a foreign language, you...

English language 1  The need to learn a foreign language Foreign language study is all about learning how to truly communicate and connect with others—an incredibly important life skill that can only be cultivated by interacting with people. When you master a foreign language, you can exercise your new superhuman power of being able to understand what someone is saying, recall the proper vocab and grammar, put that vocab and grammar into the proper context, and reply back—all on the spot and in a timely manner. You’ve connected. And that is what it’s all about.  Parts of speech We can categorize English words into 9 basic types called "parts of speech" or "word classes". It's quite important to recognize parts of speech. This helps you to analyze sentences and understand them. It also helps you to construct good sentences. 1- Verb: expresses (action or state) [be, have, do, like, work, sing, can, must…] Ex: I like playing tennis. Ex: He is a student.  Parts of speech 2- Noun: expresses (thing or person) [pen, dog, work, music, town, London, teacher, John…] Ex: Ahmed is late. Ex: The food is delicious. 3- Adjective: describes a noun [good, big, red, well, interesting…] Ex: He is a good player. Ex: The food is delicious. 4- Determiner: limits or "determines" a noun [a/an, the, 2, some, many…] Ex: I have a car. (one car only) Ex: I have many friends. (not just one friend)  Parts of speech 5- Adverb: describes a verb, adjective or adverb [quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really…] Ex: When he is very hungry, he eats quickly. 6- Pronoun: replaces a noun [I, you, he, she…] Ex: Tara is Indian. She is beautiful. Ex: Ahmed likes playing chess. He won the last competition. 7- Preposition: links a noun to another word [to, at, after, on…] Ex: We went to school on Monday.  Parts of speech 8- Conjunction: joins clauses or sentences or words [and, but, when…] Ex: I like dogs but I don't like cats. Ex: I like cats and dogs. 9- Interjection: short exclamation, sometimes inserted into a sentence [oh!, ouch!, hi!, well…] Ex: Ouch! That hurts! Ex: Hi! How are you?  Parts of speech Some grammar sources traditionally categorize English into 8 parts of speech. Others say 10. Verbs may be treated as two different parts of speech: lexical Verbs (work, like, run) auxiliary Verbs (be, have, must) Determiners may be treated as adjectives, instead of being a separate part of speech. Well! She likes big snakes, but I hate them. Try to discover the parts of speech in the last sentence.  Parts of speech example part of speech word My work is easy. noun work I work in London. verb John came but Mary conjunction didn't come. Everyone but preposition came but Mary. Are you well? adjective She speaks well. adverb well Well! That's expensive! interjection We ate in noun the afternoon. afternoon We had afternoon tea. noun acting as adjective