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ARTICLE III Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, BILL OF RIGHTS Section 12. (1) Any person under inv...

ARTICLE III Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, BILL OF RIGHTS Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall the death an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua. protection of the laws. must be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in (2) The employment of physical, psychological, or writing and in the presence of counsel. degrading punishment against any prisoner or detainee or the use of Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, (2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of other means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. shall be dealt with by law. whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to forms of detention are prohibited. Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or (3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of a poll tax. affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and this, or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or him. Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for things to be seized. (4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for the same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, violations of this section as well as compensation to and rehabilitation conviction, or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication and correspondence of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families. prosecution for the same act. shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law. Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted. (2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES proceeding. released on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail PREAMBLE shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas ARTICLE I National Territory Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required. ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles and State Policies expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to ARTICLE III Bill of Rights assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense ARTICLE IV Citizenship without due process of law. ARTICLE V Suffrage Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of (2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be ARTICLE VI Legislative Department religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and presumed innocent until the contrary is proved and shall enjoy the right ARTICLE VII Executive Department enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and ARTICLE VIII Judicial Department or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and ARTICLE IX Constitutional Commissions required for the exercise of civil or political rights. public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory ARTICLE X Local Government process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of ARTICLE XI Accountability of Public Officers Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed ARTICLE XII National Economy and Patrimony limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been ARTICLE XIII Social Justice and Human Rights of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable. ARTICLE XIV Education, Science & Technology, Arts, Culture & Sports interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be ARTICLE XV The Family provided by law. Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be ARTICLE XVI General Provisions suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion when the public ARTICLE XVII Amendments or Revisions Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public safety requires it. ARTICLE XVIII Transitory Provisions concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of PREAMBLE decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies. We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such order to build a just and humane society and establish a Government limitations as may be provided by law. Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common himself. good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. political beliefs and aspirations. and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution. (2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly just compensation. convicted. Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty.  REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8491 PERMANENTLY HOISTED During the flag lowering: Display the flag flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night throughout the - be lowered solemnly & slowly - in public any foreign flag, except in embassies & other diplomatic year in the front of the following: - be down the mast at the sound of the last note of the anthem establishments & in offices of international organizations - The Congress of the Philippines - Malacanang Palace - those in the assembly shall observed the same - any advertisement or infomercial - Rizal Monument in Luneta - Supreme Court deportment/behavior as for the flag raising ceremony - in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens/foreigners - Libingan ng mga Bayani - Aguinaldo Shrine in - Barasoian Church in Malolos, Bulacan Kawit Cavite HALF MAST NATIONAL COAT-OF-ARMS - all international Ports of Entry > sign of mourning on all buildings and places where it is display, - Paleways of 2 pieces, azure & gules; a chief argent studded with 3 It also be displayed in private buildings and residences or raised in on the day of the official announcement of the death mullets equidistant from each other; &, in point of honor, ovoid the open-flag staff in front of the said buildings every: of any of the following officials: argent over all the sun rayonnant with eight minor lesser rays. - April 9 (Araw ng Kagitingan) - May 1 (Labor Day) Beneath shall be the scroll with the words "REPUBLIKA NG - May 28 (National Flag Day) - June 12 (Independence Day) - President/Former President of the Philippines (10 days) PILIPINAS” inscribed thereon - Last Sunday of August (National Heroes Day) - TheVice President, Chief Justice, Senate President, & - December 30 (Rizal Day) Speaker of the house of Representative (7 days) THE GREAT SEAL - period from May 28 to June 12 of each year is declared as - Other persons to be determined by the institute for any period - shall be circular in form, with the arms as described in the National Flag Days less than seven (x