Neuroscience (PHAR 111) PDF
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University of the Pacific
Robert F. Halliwell, PhD Thomas J. Long
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Summary
This document contains lecture notes on neuroscience (PHAR 111), covering topics such as the importance of neuroscience to pharmacists, communication, the human nervous system, the nervous system, 3D image of neurons, and building blocks of the human nervous system.
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Neuroscience (PHAR 111) The Importance of Neuroscience to Pharmacists Pharmacists use an extensive pharmacopeia to treat neurological & mental disorders Optimal Tx requires an extensive understanding of basic neuroscience, neuropharmacology, …. & multiple treatment options ...
Neuroscience (PHAR 111) The Importance of Neuroscience to Pharmacists Pharmacists use an extensive pharmacopeia to treat neurological & mental disorders Optimal Tx requires an extensive understanding of basic neuroscience, neuropharmacology, …. & multiple treatment options Communication Canvas: for lecture materials & announcements Ask questions during lectures E-mail: [email protected] Tel. 209-946-2074 (office) Speak to me in my office: C-121 3 The Amazing Human Nervous System 100 billion neurons 1000 billion glial cells Sensation, cognition, memory, movement... ≥1000 neurological disorders Afflict ≥50 million Americans / year 4 The Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System: Central Nervous System: All nerves & ganglia outside Brain & spinal cord CNS Somatic Nervous Autonomic Nervous System System Parasympathetic Division Sympathetic Division 3D Image of Nearly Every Neuron and its Connections Within a 3mm Piece of Human Cortex Neuron density ~16,000/mm^3) Shapson-Coe et al. Science 384, eadk4858 (2024). Building Blocks of the Human Nervous System https://www.brainfacts.org/3d-brain#intro=false&focus=Brain The Neuron 8 Major Types of Neurons Bipolar (found in e.g. nose & eye) Multipolar (seen throughout the neocortex) Unipolar (somatosensory neurons) 9 Glue Cells of the Nervous System 10 Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System Oligodendrocytes ensheath CNS neurons forming their myelin insulation Microglia cells are the immune cells of the CNS; Astrocytes regulate they may also be ECF; enclose involved in synaptic synapses and help pruning to form the blood brain barrier; form scars in CNS 11 Oligodendrocytes Each oligodendrocytes has just a few processes. They wrap around each axon several times and speed up signal conduction by 50 fold 12 Glial Cells in the Peripheral Nervous System Satellite cells encapsulate cell bodies, DRG & ANS ganglia Schwann cells form the myelin sheath around axons in PNS & only around a portion of a cell axon. 13 Gaps = Nodes of Ranvier Myelination in the PNS Nodes of Ranvier occur c. every 0.3-1.5mm. The gap is 2-3µm 14 Classification of Peripheral Nerve Fibers Fiber Function Fiber Conduction Velocity (Diameter, µm) (m/s) A proprioception, motor 12-20 70-120 β touch, pressure 5-12 30-70 motor to spindles 3-6 15-30 pain, temp, touch 2-5 12-30 B preganglionic ANS
