Podcast
Questions and Answers
What part of the nervous system includes all nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord?
What part of the nervous system includes all nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord?
Neurological disorders affect fewer than 50 million Americans per year.
Neurological disorders affect fewer than 50 million Americans per year.
False
What is the approximate number of neurons in the human nervous system?
What is the approximate number of neurons in the human nervous system?
100 billion
The __________ Nervous System is responsible for voluntary movements and sensory information.
The __________ Nervous System is responsible for voluntary movements and sensory information.
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Match the types of cells with their descriptions:
Match the types of cells with their descriptions:
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Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
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Astrocytes are primarily involved in immune response within the central nervous system.
Astrocytes are primarily involved in immune response within the central nervous system.
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What do Schwann cells form around axons in the peripheral nervous system?
What do Schwann cells form around axons in the peripheral nervous system?
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The gaps between myelinated segments of axons in the peripheral nervous system are called __________.
The gaps between myelinated segments of axons in the peripheral nervous system are called __________.
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Match the following types of nerve fibers with their corresponding functions:
Match the following types of nerve fibers with their corresponding functions:
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What is the conduction velocity range for A β fibers?
What is the conduction velocity range for A β fibers?
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Which glial cells are involved in the immune response in the central nervous system?
Which glial cells are involved in the immune response in the central nervous system?
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Unipolar neurons are typically somatosensory neurons.
Unipolar neurons are typically somatosensory neurons.
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Study Notes
The Importance of Neuroscience to Pharmacists
- Pharmacists treat neurological and mental disorders.
- Optimal treatment requires an understanding of neuroscience, neuropharmacology, and multiple treatment options.
Communication
- Canvas is used for lecture materials and announcements.
- Ask questions during class lectures if needed.
- The professor's email address is provided.
- The professor's office phone number is provided.
- The professor's office location is provided.
The Human Nervous System
- The nervous system has 100 billion neurons and 1000 billion glial cells..
- The nervous system is responsible for sensation, cognition, memory, and movement.
- There are over 1000 neurological disorders.
- Neurological disorders affect over 50 million Americans per year.
The Nervous System
- The nervous system has a central nervous system (CNS) and a peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
- The PNS consists of all nerves and ganglia outside the CNS.
- The PNS is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
- The autonomic nervous system further divides into the parasympathetic and the sympathetic divisions.
Building Blocks of the Human Nervous System
- There is a 3D image of every neuron in a piece of human cortex.
- The neuron density is approximately 16,000/mm^3.
The Neuron
- The neuron is the fundamental unit of the nervous system.
- It is a specialized cell that transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
Major Types of Neurons
- There are three major types of neurons: multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar.
- Multipolar neurons are found throughout the neocortex.
- Bipolar neurons are found in the nose and eye.
- Unipolar neurons are found in sensory nerves.
Glue Cells of the Nervous System
- Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that support and protect neurons.
- They outnumber neurons 10:1.
Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System
- There are three types of glial cells in the CNS: oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes.
- Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath around neurons in the CNS.
- Microglia are the immune cells of the CNS.
- Astrocytes regulate the extracellular fluid (ECF) in the CNS, enclose synapses, help form the blood-brain barrier, and form scars in the CNS.
Oligodendrocytes
- Each oligodendrocyte can wrap around multiple axons.
- Myelination speeds up signal conduction by 50 fold.
Glial Cells in the Peripheral Nervous System
- There are two types of glial cells in the PNS: satellite cells and Schwann cells.
- Satellite cells encapsulate cell bodies of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) ganglia.
- Schwann cells form the myelin sheath around axons in the PNS.
Myelination in the PNS
- Schwann cells wrap around a portion of a single axon.
- Gaps between Schwann cells are called nodes of Ranvier.
Classification of Peripheral Nerve Fibers
- Peripheral nerve fibers are classified by their function, diameter, and conduction velocity.
- A fibers are the largest and fastest conducting fibers and are responsible for proprioception, motor control, and sensory perception.
- B fibers are responsible for preganglionic autonomic function.
- C fibers are the smallest and slowest conducting fibers and are responsible for pain, temperature, and touch.
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Description
Explore the crucial role of neuroscience in pharmacy practice, particularly in treating neurological and mental disorders. This quiz covers essential concepts from neuropharmacology to the structure and function of the human nervous system.
