Food Microbiology 2013 TPN 1221 PDF

2013.igem.org TPN 1221 Food Microbiology INTRODUCTION: MICROBIOLOGY AND FOOD MICROBIOLOGY FM Teaching team Food Technology Bachelor Program Department of Food Science and Tec...

2013.igem.org TPN 1221 Food Microbiology INTRODUCTION: MICROBIOLOGY AND FOOD MICROBIOLOGY FM Teaching team Food Technology Bachelor Program Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Engineering Week Topic 1 Introduction: Microbiology and Food Microbiology 2 Microbial Diversity: Bacterial, Archaea, Virus 3 Microbial Diversity: Fungi and Protista 4 Microbial Genetic 5 Microbial Metabolism and Ecology 6 Microbial Growth 7 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Growth and Life of Microbes Mid Exam Week Topic 8 Principles of Microbiological Analysis in Food 9 Industrial Microbiology 10 Microbial Spoilage of Fresh Produces and Their Processed products 11 Foodborne Pathogens and Their Toxins 12 Foodborne Diseases and Outbreaks 13 Microbial Control by High Temperature, Low Temperature, and Drying 14 Microbial Control by Irradiation, Atmospheric Control, Preservatives, and Hurdle Concept End Exam  Learning Outcomes 1. Students can understand the basic concepts of microbes 2. Students are able to explain the history of microbiology sciences 3. Students are able to give examples of microbial utilization in food technology and food science Sub Topics 1.1. Introduction of microbiology 1.2. History 1.3. Microbiology in food science Introduction of microbiology Introduction of Microbiology What is microbiology? Khanaacademy.org ❑ ‘microbiology’ should be an easy word to define: the science (logos) of small (micro) life (bios): the study of living things so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye. ❑ Bacteria fit this definition, but what about fungi and algae? These two groups each contain members that are far from microscopic. On the other hand, certain animals, such as nematode worms, can be microscopic, yet are not considered to be the domain of the microbiologist. Viruses represent another special case; they are most certainly microscopic (indeed, most are submicroscopic), but by most accepted definitions they are not living. ❑ Later, you will study about microbial classification and gain some understanding of just what is and what is not regarded as a microorganism.  Why is microbiology important? ❑ Some of microorganism cause of health problems, as a pathogens. ❑ Majority of microorganisms coexist alongside us without Medicine causing any harm, and has vital Fundamental Genetic engineering. tasks such as the recycling of research Pharmaceutical essential elements, industry without which life on our planet Food could not continue production Agriculture ❑ Other microorganisms have been Environmental exploited by humans for our own science benefit, for instance in the manufacture of antibiotics and foodstuffs  Microscope : light and microscopy and electron Light microscopy 1.Basic principles: rays of light are slowed down as they enter the water, because air and water have different refractive indices. light rays are similarly retarded as they enter glass and all optical instruments are based on this Essential_microbiology.pdf phenomenon. 2. The compound light microscope consists of three sets of lenses: a. the condenser focuses light onto the specimen to give optimum illumination b. the objective provides a magnified and inverted image of the specimen c. the eyepiece adds further magnification  Electron microscopy 1. Because of limited by the wavelength of light visible to the human eye, the electron microscope is able to achieve greater magnification and resolution because it uses a high voltage beam of electrons, whose wavelength is very much shorter than that of visible light. 2.The resolving power of an electron microscope may be as low as 1– 2 nm, enabling us to see viruses, and the internal structure of cells. 3.The greatly improved resolution means that specimens can be meaningfully magnified over 100 000×. 4.Electron microscopes, which were first developed in the 1930s and 1940s, use ring shaped electromagnets as ‘lenses’ to focus the beam of electrons onto the specimen. 5. Electrons be deflected by molecules in the air, electron microscopes require a pump to maintain a vacuum in the column of the instrument.  There are two principal types of electron microscope, the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) 1. The electron beam passes through the specimen and is scattered according to the density of the different parts. Due to the limited penetrating power of the electrons, extremely thin sections (