Lecture 1 Safety in Clinical Microbiology Lab PDF

LECTURE 1 SAFETY IN CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY SBGA_260324 Mar-Aug24  General laboratory and personal safety, possible working hazard and the use of laminar flow and biological safety cabinet when culturing organisms from human (or animal) sources. Implem...

LECTURE 1 SAFETY IN CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY SBGA_260324 Mar-Aug24  General laboratory and personal safety, possible working hazard and the use of laminar flow and biological safety cabinet when culturing organisms from human (or animal) sources. Implement proper aseptic techniques.  What is laboratory (microbiology) safety? important in the prevention of infection that might be caused by the microorganisms being studied. in addition, many of the reagents, equipment, and procedures used are potentially hazardous. Attention to proper procedures and prudent laboratory practices are required for your safety and protection.  Biosafety (microbes, cells, toxins etc.) Chemical Safety (acid, corrosive etc.) Radiation Safety (x-rays, gamma-rays) Fire Safety (prevent fires, minimize the risk of fire-related accidents) Hazardous Waste Removal (treated by chemical, thermal, biological, physical methods) Injury Reporting and Occupational Health  2 1 1 3 8 9 4 5 10 7 https://www.thoughtco.com/important-lab-safety-rules-608156 Keep long or fluffy hair tied up and out of the way. Hair can contaminate and be contaminated by microbial cultures. Wear a lab coat in lab. We will be working with a variety of materials that can cause permanent stains on some fabrics. Also, a lab coat can help protect from accidental contamination by microorganisms. No eating or drinking during lab. Many pathogens spread by ingested food and drink. In addition, food can carry microorganisms that might contaminate laboratory cultures. Always wear shoes in lab. Thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water before and after lab. Thorough and frequent hand washing easily and effectively controls the spread of many pathogens. Clean the lab bench with disinfectant before and after lab. This helps to prevent contamination of cultures, books, clothing, etc. Keep the lab bench free of unnecessary materials. Don't use the lab bench as a storage area for coats, books, etc. Do not take cultures from the lab area. Dispose all contaminated materials in autoclave bags. When in doubt, ask the instructor. Immediately report all accidents and spills to the instructor. Cover spills with disinfectant-soaked paper towels for at least 15 minutes before disposing them. Read all assigned materials before the lab session. Experiments will go smoother and have greater chances of success when you know what you will be doing ahead of time.  Laminar flow vs. Biosafety cabinet Which is which?  Exercise: List the additional parts for BSC compared to laminar flow. Biosafety cabinet A Laminar Flow Hood (LFH) is not a biological safety cabinet. These devices do not provide any protection to the worker. They are designed to provide a sterile environment to protect the product. Air potentially contaminated with infectious agents may be blown towards the worker. A biological safety cabinet (BSC) is a primary engineering control used to protect personnel against biohazardous or infectious agents and to help maintain quality control of the material being worked with as it filters both the inflow and exhaust air.  What is a biosafety cabinet used for? A BSC is a primary containment device used with biological material. While handling biological agents, it is the biological equivalent of using hazardous chemicals inside a fume hood. Like a chemical fume hood, a biosafety cabinet protects the user from hazardous material using directional air flow. Fume Hood vs. Biosafety Cabinet https://www.phe.gov/s3/BioriskManagement/biocontainment/Pages/BSC-vs-Fume-Hoods.aspx  Workspace in the Biosafety Cabinet  Items in your biosafety cabinet should be properly set up with the necessary items required for your experiment:  Biosafety Cabinet (classes) vs. Biosafety Levels There are 3 classes There are 4 levels of of BSC BSL Type A1 Type A2 Type B1 Type B2 4 Biosafety Lab Levels_cdc.govorrinfographicsbiosafety  Aseptic technique aseptic. / (əˈsɛptɪk, eɪ-) / adjective. free from living pathogenic organisms; sterile. aiming to achieve a germ-free condition. Method that involves target-specific practices and procedures under suitably controlled conditions to reduce the contamination from microbes. It is a compulsory laboratory skill to conduct research related in the field of microbiology. Routine practices used in microbiology laboratories to prevent contamination of samples and cultures throughout the analysis.  Principle of aseptic technique 1. Wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). 2. Using a biological safety cabinet. 3. Cleaning and sterilizing surfaces and equipment. 4. Handling samples and cultures carefully.  Inoculating loop petri dish It can be used to perform aseptic manipulations, such as transferring cultures from the bottle to the petri dish, without the risk of contamination. Spray using 70% alcohol Samples and cultures should be handled using sterile pipettes and other equipment to minimize the risk of contamination. It is important to avoid touching samples and cultures with bare hands, as the skin is a natural reservoir for microorganisms. Examples of commonly used PPE for radiation protection from X-rays and gamma rays include: Lead aprons or vests. Wearing lead aprons can reduce a worker's radiation dose. https://safetyculture.com/topics/radiation-safety/ Fire safety is a set of procedures which aim to reduce the amount of damage and injuries caused by fires. These include risk assessments to help identify and reduce areas of fire risk and formulate an emergency and evacuation plan in the event that a fire does break out. Hazardous waste can be treated by chemical, thermal, biological, and physical methods. Chemical methods include ion exchange, precipitation, oxidation and reduction, and neutralization. Among thermal methods is high-temperature incineration, which not only can detoxify certain organic wastes but also can destroy them.  Microbiology: Unseen World Shape/ morphology Exercise: Look for bacterial species names according to their shape. Example: Staphylococcus aureus, Gram positive, cocci.  Microbiology: Unseen World Growth media Solid growth media is used in the following forms: agar plates, agar slants (commonly used to generate stocks of bacteria), and agar deeps. To make agar deeps or agar slants, melted agar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9cy9VqVUODo is poured into a test tube and then allowed to solidify vertically (agar deep), or at a slant (agar slant). Agar plates are made by pouring melted agar into a petri dish. End of Lecture 1