1. Introduction.pdf

Clinical Psychology Introduction 2-3 questions  What Is Clinical Psychology?  Clinical Psychology is a field of psychology concerned with understanding, Make less severe evaluating, alleviating, and preventing mental and emotional disorder...

Clinical Psychology Introduction 2-3 questions  What Is Clinical Psychology?  Clinical Psychology is a field of psychology concerned with understanding, Make less severe evaluating, alleviating, and preventing mental and emotional disorders and promoting human adaptation, adjustment, and personal effectiveness and satisfaction. 3 Concerned with diagnosing disorders (one of the main tasks)  Clinical psychologists address the intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human functioning across the life span, in varying cultures. Psychology: 1) Theoretical 2) Practical (on type is Clinical) What Is Clinical Psychology?  Clinical Psychology is also a professional practice that provides health care services.  The essence of Clinical Psychology is an integration of science and practice pursuits. - Putting these sciences of theoretical approaches into practice  Psychology field can be divided into two parts; Theoretical and Practical.  Clinical Psychology is one of the most essential Practical Psychology fields.  What Do Clinical Psychologists Do? - 3 Concerned with wide range of tasks ①  Some clinical psychologists engage in academic work in ↳ which they teach students, conduct research, and write articles and books for publication. ②  Some clinical psychologists engage in applied work ↳ in which they provide assessment, treatment, consultation services, and clinical supervision. ③  Many clinical psychologists combine these academic and applied activities in the course of their career.  What Do Clinical Psychologists Do?  In a recent survey of members of the Society of Clinical Psychology, which is the clinical division of the American Psychological Association, the following percentages of respondents reported being involved in these several activities: (Talk therapy) 1 Psychotherapy—76% Diagnosis and assessment—58% Teaching—49% Distribution of psychologists Research and writing—47% Clinical supervision—47% Consultation—46%  What Is Psychological Assessment?  Psychological assessment consists of a variety of procedures for evaluating intellectual, neurocognitive, and personality - characteristics of people.  These procedures include psychological tests, interviews, behavioral observations, medical and school records, and reports of family members. What Is Psychological Assessment? Two kinds of psychological tests are used in clinical work:  Self-report tests, in which people describe themselves by indicating whether certain statements (e.g., “I am happy most of the time”)  Performance-based tests, on which people provide information about themselves by how they perform on certain tasks, such as putting blocks together to make a design or telling a story about what people in an ambiguous picture > - might be thinking, feeling, and doing.  What Is Psychotherapy? Psychotherapy is a verbal communication between patients and therapists that is intended to help people  find relief from emotional distress, as in becoming less anxious, fearful, or depressed  seek solutions to problems in their lives, such as dealing with disappointment, grief, family issues, and job or career dissatisfaction  modify ways of thinking and acting that are preventing them from working productively and enjoying personal relationships  What Is Psychotherapy? Many different kinds of psychotherapy have proved effective in helping people feel better, resolve problems in living, and modify their attitudes and behavior in constructive ways. Knowledgeable psychotherapists select and recommend an appropriate treatment approach and tailor their procedures to fit each individual patient’s personality style and life circumstances.  Where Do Clinical Psychologists Work? Clinical psychologists work in many different settings including office practice, mental health clinics, healthcare service organizations, hospitals, schools, universities, industries, legal systems, medical systems, counseling centers, governmental agencies, and the military. Respondents to the recent survey of members of the Society of Clinical Psychology reported the following primary employment settings: Private practice—41% Universities and Medical Schools—34% - 11 Hospitals Il and clinics—11% -5 Veterans E Administration—5% What Are the Major Theoretical Orientations in Clinical Psychology? The major theoretical perspectives in clinical psychology are A- Psychodynamic perspectives developed from the psychoanalytic T formulations of Sigmund Freud and emphasize (a) that behavior is caused ② and not random or accidental, (b) that how people behave is influenced in part by thoughts and feelings of which they are not fully aware, and (c) that ③ early life experiences have considerable impact on what people are like as they grow up. Psychodynamically oriented psychotherapists use such techniques as free association and interpretation to identify underlying motivations and enhance self-awareness. B- Cognitive-behavioral perspectives developed from the concepts and procedures of such innovators as, Elbert Elis and Aaron Beck, as they took advantage of the previous behavioral approaches, and emphasize that people become psychologically disturbed and have 2 problems in living because of faulty ways of thinking and learned patterns of unhelpful behavior.  Cognitive-behavioral therapists seek to modify maladaptive ways in which people are thinking or acting with techniques involving cognitive restructuring, behavior shaping, and problem-solving exercises. C- Humanistic perspectives developed from the contributions of humanistic thinkers like Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Rollo May and emphasize that people are active agents in determining their own destiny and can achieve personal growth through self-actualization and taking responsibility for themselves. Humanistic-experiential therapists utilize techniques of active experiencing to help people realize their human potential.  What Qualifications Are Required for Practicing Clinical Psychology? Most positions in Clinical Psychology require a Master or doctoral degree, and applied practice requires a license as well. 3 In Jordan, to be licensed as clinical psychologist, you must have master degree (in counseling or clinical psychology) & at least a 300h practice There are two training models for doctoral degrees: The traditional PhD in Psychology (Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology), ① which emphasizes research and science 3 Academician The PsyD degree (Doctor of Psychology), which focuses primarily on ② applied practice  What Is the History of Clinical Psychology? Clinical psychology is considered to have originated in 1896, when Lightner Witmer established 2 the first psychological clinic at the University of Pennsylvania in 1896. For the next 50 years, some psychologists did clinical work that focused mainly on the L development and application of methods of assessing intelligence and personality. However, formal education and training programs in clinical psychology were not established until the late 1940s.1 WWII was a major impetus to the formal development of Clinical Psychology as a profession. In the military during the war and among veterans following it, large numbers of men and women experienced psychological disabilities requiring mental health services. To meet this need, the Veterans Administration created hospital and clinic positions for staff psychologists to provide assessment and treatment services, and it also established paid internship positions for training clinical psychology graduate students.  What Is the History of Clinical Psychology? - Additionally in the late 1940s, the National Institute of Mental Health instituted training grant support of psychology departments with clinical psychology programs, and the American Psychological Association (a) formalized a required curriculum for becoming a clinical psychologist (b) began accrediting programs that meet these requirements. In the 1950s, the newly formalized clinical psychology profession began to be recognized by state licensure, and psychology has long since been a licensed profession in every state in the U.S.