Introduction to Behavioral Science PDF

Introduction to Behavioral Science Matthew Mara DMD, EdD Learning Objectives 1. Discuss the importance of communication in the dentist-patient relationship. 2. Define basic psychosocial concepts relevant to oral health: internal and external locus of control, self-efficacy, stress, and social suppor...

Introduction to Behavioral Science Matthew Mara DMD, EdD Learning Objectives 1. Discuss the importance of communication in the dentist-patient relationship. 2. Define basic psychosocial concepts relevant to oral health: internal and external locus of control, self-efficacy, stress, and social support. Agenda Define Behavioral Science Course Expectations Syllabus Review Discussion Boards Written Assignments Final Exam Begin to define basic psychosocial concepts relevant to oral health CODA Accreditation Standard 2-16 Graduates must be competent in the application of the fundamental principles of behavioral sciences as they pertain to patientcentered approaches for promoting, improving and maintaining oral health. ADEA Competencies for the New General Dentist Communication and Interpersonal Skills Graduates must be competent to: 3.1 Apply appropriate interpersonal and communication skills. 3.2 Apply psychosocial and behavioral principles in patientcentered health care. 3.3 Communicate effectively with individuals from diverse populations. At GSDM, we define behavioral sciences as patient centered approaches for promoting, improving, and maintaining oral health encompassing self-efficacy, motivational interviewing/brief counseling and reflective listening. We apply these principles though the application of the Transtheoretical model of behavior change. Course Syllabus Course Expectations Students are required to attend all scheduled lectures. While no credit will be given for attendance, each unexcused absence to this course will result in one-point overall deduction for the student’s course grade. For example, if a student does not have an excused absence and misses two lectures, once their grade is finalized based on the grading scheme below, two points will be deduced. If a student earns a 90(A-) overall but has two unexcused absences their overall grade for the course will be an 88 (B+). Students are to complete all assignments on time. This course requires participation in 4 Blackboard discussion board threads, two written assignments, and a 50-question multiple-choice exam. Discussion board assignments will be graded (at a deduction noted in associated rubrics) if they are submitted less than 24 hours after the deadline. Discussion boards submitted greater than 24 hours and 0 minutes after their due date will not be graded and students will earn a zero for the assignment. Late written assignments will receive deductions as noted in their associated rubrics and will be eligible for remediation. Weekly Roadmap 3/15 3/22 Topic Introduction to Behavioral Science Theory Driven Approach: Diving Deep into the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change Learning Objectives 1. Discuss the importance of communication in the dentist-patient relationship. 2. Define basic psychosocial concepts relevant to oral health: internal and external locus of control, self-efficacy, stress, and social support. Assignments Discussion Board #1 Initial post due by 11:59pm 3/19. 1. Identify common challenges and barriers to patient behavior change. 2. Recognize the importance of tailoring interventions to individual patients including considering the patient's unique life context and readiness to change as a means of achieving better health outcomes. 3. Describe the basic principles of social cognitive theory, the health belief model, theory of planned behavior, self-determination theory and the transtheoretical model of behavior change. 4. Apply the transtheoretical model of behavior change to a clinical scenario. Discussion Board #2 Initial post due by 11:59pm 3/26. A minimum of 2 reply posts due by 11:59pm on 3/28. A minimum of 2 reply posts due by 11:59pm on 3/21. Weekly Roadmap 3/29 Workshop: Linking Behavioral Science to Professionalism 4/5 Motivational Interviewing & Reflective Listening Part 1 4/12 Motivational Interviewing & Reflective Listening Part 2 1. Discuss importance of ethics and professionalism while No assignments due. Students are applying principles of behavioral science in patient encouraged to start collaborating interactions. with partner on written assignment #1. 1. Describe the role of motivation in health behavior Written Assignment #1 Eliciting change. Information 2. Describe effective communication strategies (directing, Due Friday 4/5 at 11:59pm. guiding, and following) for facilitating behavior change. 3. Define the acronym OARS (Open questions, affirmations, reflective listening, summarizing) as it applies to patient counseling and motivational interviewing. 4. List the four principles of motivational interviewing: 1)express empathy, 2) develop discrepancy, 3) roll with resistance and 4) support self-efficacy and optimism 5. Apply the elicit-provide-elicit method for providing information. Same as 4/5. Discussion Board #3 Due Monday April 15th at 11:59pm Weekly Roadmap 4/19 Vulnerable Populations 1. Describe how principles of behavioral science apply to vulnerable populations including when communicating to caregivers or parents considering patient perspectives. 1. Apply theories of behavioral science when reviewing a medical history in SALUD and providing patient counseling in the patient treatment center. Written Assignment #2 Providing Patient Centered Counseling Due Friday April 26th at 11:59pm 4/26 Moving Towards Clinic: Applying Principles of Behavioral Science in the Patient Treatment Center 5/3 Written Final Exam (50 questions) I. Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (10 questions) II. Motivational Interviewing & Reflective Listening (10 questions) III. Case Application (10 questions) IV. Social cognitive theory, the health belief model, and self-determination theory (5 questions) V. Self-efficacy, Locus of Control (internal and external), social support, stress (5 questions) VI. Application based questions linking behavioral science to ethics and professionalism, treating vulnerable populations, and the patient treatment center. (10 questions) Discussion Board #4 Due by Thursday May 2nd at 11:59pm. Discussion Boards Posting in your Discussion Group 3 1 2 Discussion Board #1 Instructions Locus of control, self-efficacy, stress, and social support are all psychosocial factors that influence one’s willingness engage in behavior change. 1. In a 300-500 word initial post that includes a minimum of two citations: a) Define internal and external locus of control, self-efficacy, stress and social supports as it relates to behavior change. b) Propose a rank order of which factors you believe are most influential to target when encouraging behavior change for a patient. c) Justify the rank order you propose above. Consider thinking of your own personal experience in addition to examples that may be available in the literature. *Initial posts are due by Tuesday 3/19 at 11:59pm. 2. In your group, reply to a minimum of two of your classmates with a 50-100 word reply post. Each reply must include a minimum of one citation. *Response posts are due by Thursday 3/21 at 11:59pm. Citations Must be from creditable sources and referenced with superscripts or parenthetical (in text). Citations are listed at the bottom of your post. Example1 Example (Author, 2024). Use search engines such as Google Scholar & Pub Med Consult Med Librarian (https://www.bumc.bu.edu/medlib/services/reference/) Determining Your Course Grade 20% 4 Discussion Boards (5% each) 25% Written Assignment #1 30% Written Assignment #2 25% Final Exam A: A- : B+ : B: B- : 95 - 100% 90 - 94% 87 - 89% 83 - 86% 80 - 82% C+ : C: C- : D: F: 79 - 77% 76 - 74% 73 - 70% 69 - 65% Failure (below 65%) ** Noted above: Students are required to attend all scheduled lectures. While no credit will be given for attendance, each unexcused absence to this course will result in one point overall deduction for the student’s course grade. For example, if a student does not have an excused absence and misses two lectures, once their grade is finalized based on the grading scheme below, two points will be deduced. If a student earns a 90(A-) overall but has two unexcused absences their overall grade for the course will be an 88 (B+). Additionally, final scores will not be rounded. For example, if you earn a 94.99% average, you will earn a (A-) for this course. The Importance of Communication in Dentistry Good communication between patient and dentist is associated with increased efficiency and more accurate diagnosis, improved patient outcomes and satisfaction and less likelihood of complaints or litigation. Communication is also a complex (and clinical) skill but, interestingly, its importance is not always accepted or valued, either by students or those with more experience. https://doi.org/10.12968/denu.2017.44.8.77 4 The Importance of Communication in Dentistry Dentists who spend time communicating effectively with their patients and colleagues are likely to have better interpersonal relationships and a more satisfying working life. This, in turn, is likely to make consultations more efficient and improve patient outcomes. https://doi.org/10.12968/denu.2017.44.8.77 4 Which of the following is true? a. The dentist adequately addressed the patient's chief complaint b. The patient feels understood and agrees with the dentist's recommendations c. More information would be helpful to illicit further details from the patient before providing treatment recommendations d. The dentist knows all the necessary information to diagnose and treat the patient Patients must be able to trust that they can be completely open and forthright when communicating with you about their overall health status. It’s important for them to know that you and your staff need this Strong doctor/patient relationships require trust from both parties * From the ADA Guidelines for Practice Success information in order to accurately assess their oral health needs and design an appropriate treatment plan. Providers must be able to trust that patients have provided comprehensive pictures of their current medical conditions. o Recognize that some patients may not understand why their dentist is asking for information about their personal medical histories, drug use or even their personal behaviors. Let your patients know that the information they provide will help you accurately assess their dental health and allow you recommend treatment that should yield a positive outcome. Reassure them that their information is confidential and that your staff is a team of professionals who respect and honor the trust your patients have placed in you. Use as little technical language as possible when discussing diagnostic tests and findings from oral exams, radiographs, photographs or during treatment such as surgery. Psychosocial Concepts Relevant to Oral Health Internal and external locus of control Self-efficacy Stress Social support Locus of Control Self-Efficacy Stress Social Support After a thorough discussion at the end of her initial appointment in your office, Analisa believes she has the knowledge and skills to improve her oral hygiene, specifically her flossing technique, that will make a significant difference between now and her next visit. Analisa's response to change demonstrates which of the following? a. Low self-efficacy b. High self-efficacy c. External locus of control d. Social support she felt in your office Announcements Discussion Board Initial Post due by 11:59pm on 3/19. Response posts due by 11:59pm on 3/21. Office hours are by appointment only. o Email ([email protected]) to schedule an appointment. If it will benefit the entire class, responses to emails will be posted on Blackboard via the link below (in course content). FAQ Student Emails.docx