1- Introduction to pathophysiology.pdf

Introduction Objectives: Upon completion of this class, the students will be able to: 1) Identify Common pathological terms 2) Describe Disease classification. Why do we study pathophysiology？ Pathophysiology is an important subject bridging Basic sciences and Clinical medicine....

Introduction Objectives: Upon completion of this class, the students will be able to: 1) Identify Common pathological terms 2) Describe Disease classification. Why do we study pathophysiology？ Pathophysiology is an important subject bridging Basic sciences and Clinical medicine. Pathophysiology Basic Clinical sciences medicine bridge subject Common pathological terms; 1. Pathology; is the study of diseases. 2. Disease; is any abnormal disturbance of the function or structure of the human body as a result of some type of injury. 3. Pathogenesis; refers to the sequence of events producing cellular changes that lead to clinical manifestations. 4. Symptoms; refer to the patient perception of the disease (e.g. headache). 5. Signs; that can be detected by the physician during examination. 6. Syndrome; is a group of signs and symptoms that characterizes a specific abnormal disturbance. Common pathological terms (Continued); 6. Etiology; is the study of the cause of a disease. 7. Nosocomial infections (HAI); also known as a hospital- acquired infection 8. Iatrogenic reactions; are adverse responses to medical treatment itself 9. Idiopathic Diseases; no causative factor can be identified 10. Acute disease; have a quick onset and last a short period of time (e.g. pneumonia). 11. Chronic diseases; may manifest more slowly and last a very long time (e.g. Hypertension). 12. Prognosis; a medical term used to predict the course and end of a disease 1. Congenital Diseases; Diseases present at birth and resulting from genetic or environmental factors 2. Hereditary diseases; Are caused by developmental disorders genetically transmitted from either parent to a child. 3. Sex linked: a genetic abnormality present on the sex chromosome (e.g. hemophilia). 4. Autosomal inheritance: an abnormality on one of the other 22 chromosomes 5. Degenerative Diseases; Caused by deterioration of the body and usually are age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis. 6. Metabolic Diseases; Caused by disturbance of normal physiologic metabolic function such as lack of hormones secretions (endocrine disorders) such as diabetes and hyperparathyroidism. 7. Traumatic Diseases; Caused by mechanical injury such as crushing, twisting of body part or from the effects of ionizing radiation on the human body. In addition from extreme hot or cold temperature burns and frostbite. 8. Inflammatory Diseases; Caused by the body reactions to a localized injurious agent (e.g. pneumonia). Type of inflammatory disease include;  Infective disease results from invasion by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi.  Toxic results from poisoning by biological substance.  Allergic results from overreaction of the body own defense.  Autoimmune disorder antibodies attack the patient tissue not the foreign antigens (e.g. Rheumatoid arthritis). 9. Neoplastic Diseases; Results in new abnormal tissue growth.  Lesion is a term used to describe the many types of cellular change that can occur in response to disease.  A benign neoplasm remains localized and is generally noninvasive.  Malignant neoplasm continues to grow, spread, and invade other tissues.  Metastasis the spread of malignant cancer cells