Introduction to Human Anatomy PDF

1. Introduction to Human Anatomy Prof Dr. Karim Al-Jashamy, PhD (Pathologist)  PROGRAM :Images BATCH : 2023 BLOCK : DATE :. 1 1 , 0 2 3...

1. Introduction to Human Anatomy Prof Dr. Karim Al-Jashamy, PhD (Pathologist)  PROGRAM :Images BATCH : 2023 BLOCK : DATE :. 1 1 , 0 2 3 TOPIC : AUTHOR : Prof Dr Karim Al-Jashamy Subject (Code/Name) General Anatomy Topic Introduction to Anatomy Lecture Hours: 100 minutes – lecture and 5 minutes discussion Practical Hours: 2 hours Topic content: It is an introduction to the study of the structure and function of the human body.  This course (A) introduces the student to the concepts of anatomy and physiology as subjects the curriculum and begins with how the body is organized from the chemical level to the organismal level.  A description of the various cell and tissue types follows and then the student is introduced to the individual body systems.  The Human Body : An Orientation Learning resources:  Atlas and Text-Book of Human Anatomy 2000, J.P. McMurrich, D.J. Sobotta  Human Anatomy: The Definitive Visual Guide 2014, By Alice Roberts Background,  Biology  Biochemistry Knowledge: Terms to know/ Terminology: Learning Outcomes: At the end of this session, the student should be able to:  The Anatomy and Physiology (A) is designed to let the student familiar with the basic anatomical structure of the human body.  Students will learn what the various organs of the body do to contribute to the overall Learning physiology of the body as well as the interaction between them. Activities: - Lectures show the the human body anatomy. - Gross and histology images - Gross specimens Summary - Share their ideas among their peers. - Constructivism learning. – Develop their ideas and knowledge. Conclusion This discussion session with the student based on the pulmonary infections Task Assessment The Human Body: An Orientation  Anatomy – the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationships to one another.  The term anatomy comes from the Greek words meaning a part (ana) to cut (tomy). – Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy) – the study of large, easily observable structures (by naked eye), such as the heart or bone. – Microscopic anatomy (cytology, histology) – the study of very small structures, where a magnifying lens or microscope is needed. Physiology – the study of how the body and its parts work or function physio =nature, ology = the study of Like anatomy, physiology has many subdivisions. For example, neurophysiology explains the working of the nervous system, and cardiac physiology studies the function of the heart.  Relationship between Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy and Physiology are always related. Structure determines what functions can take place. For example; The lungs: because the walls are very thin, they can exchange gasses and provide oxygen to the body. Heart is a muscular chambers that can pump blood. Levels of Structural Organization The human body exhibits 6 levels of structural complexity : 1. Chemical level, the simplest level of structural. At this level atoms combine to form molecules such as water, sugar, & proteins 2. Cellular level the smallest units of living things. 3. Tissue level, groups of similar cells that have a common function (4 basic types) 4. Organ level, an organ is a structure composed of 2 or more tissue types that performs a specific function. 5. Organ System is a group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose (each organ has its own job to do) 6. Organismal level, represents the highest level of structural organization (total of 11 organ systems) Body systems: The human body has 11 systems 1. INTEGUMENTARY ORGANS Skin FUNCTIONS Waterproofs, cushions, protects deeper tissue Excretes salts & urea; pain, pressure Regulates body temperature; synthesize vitamin D 2. SKELETAL ORGANS Bones, cartilages, ligaments, joints FUNCTIONS Protects & supports body organs Framework for muscles & movement Hematopoiesis; store minerals 3. MUSCULAR ORGANS Skeletal muscle (attached to bone) FUNCTIONS Contraction & mobility (locomotion) Facial expression, posture Produce body heat 4. NERVOUS ORGANS Brain, spinal cord, nerves, & sensory receptors FUNCTIONS Fast-acting central control system  Responds to external/internal stimuli via nerve impulses (electrical messages)  5. ENDOCRINE ORGANS Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries, testes…..etc. FUNCTIONS Slow -acting control system Glands produce hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, metabolism,…. etc. 6. Circulatory ORGANS Heart, blood vessels, capillaries & blood FUNCTIONS Carries O nutrients, hormones, & other substances to and from tissue cells White blood cells protect against bacteria, toxins, tumors  7. LYMPHATIC ORGANS Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils FUNCTIONS Complements circulatory system by returning leaked fluid back to blood vessels Cleanses the blood; involved in immunity 8. RESPIRATORY ORGANS Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, & lungs FUNCTIONS Keeps blood supplied with O & removes CO 2 2 Carries out gas exchanges through air sacs in lungs  9. DIGESTIVE ORGANS Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus (liver & pancreas) FUNCTIONS Breaks food down into absorbable units that enter the blood; indigestible food eliminated as feces 10. URINARY (EXCRETORY) ORGANS Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra FUNCTIONS Eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body (urea & uric acid) Regulates water, electrolytes, & acid-base balance of the blood 11. REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS Male – Seminal vesicles, prostate, penis, vas deferens, testis, scrotum Female – Ovaries, mammary glands, uterus, vagina, uterine tube FUNCTIONS Primary function for both sexes is to produce offspring Male – testes produce sperm & male sex hormones Female – ovaries produce eggs & female sex hormones; mammary glands for nourishment Thank you Q& A