EMAN 204/404 Renewable Energy Technologies PDF

EMAN 204 / 404 Renewable Energy Technologies Lecturer: Arjan Abeynaike Email: [email protected] Rm 521 EMAN 204 1 Lecture 1 EMAN 204/404 Objectives Introduce the world of “energy” – Understand importance of...

EMAN 204 / 404 Renewable Energy Technologies Lecturer: Arjan Abeynaike Email: [email protected] Rm 521 EMAN 204 1 Lecture 1 EMAN 204/404 Objectives Introduce the world of “energy” – Understand importance of energy for our past and future – Introduce the rapid developments in energy efficiency and renewable energy currently underway A basic understanding of the science behind energy resources and conversion technologies (404: advanced understanding ) Understanding of current trends, opportunities and challenges for energy resources in New Zealand and internationally. EMAN 204 3 Lecture 1 Outline of lectures 1. Fundamentals (Physics, Finance)- 1.5 lectures 2. Wind/Hydro/Wave/Tidal – 4.5 lectures 3. Solar thermal/Geothermal/Nuclear – 4 lectures 4. Coal/Oil/Gas/Biomass/CO2 emissions – 6 lectures 5. Solar PV + Electricity grid/storage/end use – 5 lectures 6. Decarbonizing NZ’s energy system – 2 lectures EMAN 204 5 Lecture 1 Assessment EMAN 204 EMAN 404 Assignments (25%) Assignments (50%) – 5 x assignments each – 5 x assignments each worth 10% worth 5% Final exam (50%) 5 Laboratory sessions (10%) 6 Workshops (attendance 5%) Final exam (60%) EMAN 204 6 Lecture 1 Labs and tutorials EMAN 204 Laboratories – Starting 2nd week Wed/Thurs 2:00 pm Rm 123 – 1st floor – Lab reports to be handed in on the day. Bring lab book to first lab. Workshops in the week when there is no lab session (paper, calculators, pencils): – Wed/Thurs 2 pm for EMAN 204 (room G.09 “Lab 7”, Science 3) – attendance graded (except this week) – EMAN 404: time and room to be confirmed EMAN 204 7 Lecture 1 Reading list Textbooks Introductory Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future, Godfrey Boyle Sustainable Energy – without the hot air, David JC MacKay Energy Systems and Sustainability: Power for a Sustainable Future, G. Boyle, B. Everett and J. Ramage More advanced Energy Science: Principles, Technologies and Impacts (2nd ed), John Andrews and Nick Jelly Renewable Energy Resources, John Twidell and Tony Weir EMAN 204 8 Lecture 1 Reading list Energy information- global IPCC: Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation https://archive.ipcc.ch/report/srren/ International Energy Agency : www.iea.org REN21-Renewable Global Status Report: https://www.ren21.net Energy information- New Zealand Energy in New Zealand – link here MBIE publications: https://www.mbie.govt.nz/building-and-energy/energy- and-natural-resources/ Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority https://www.eeca.govt.nz/why-energy-matters/climate-change-and- energy/energy-and-emissions/ EMAN 204 9 Lecture 1 A brief history of energy EMAN 204 13 Lecture 1 Pre-industrial revolution Slow population growth Reliance on human power (~100 W) Slavery/oxen/horses Ming emperors and Egyptian pharaohs had less power than a single modern bulldozer Even in 1800s, 70% of mechanical energy was human Source: Prologue. “Something new under the sun”, J. R. McNeill EMAN 204 14 Lecture 1 The toaster challenge https://youtu.be/S4O5voOCqAQ EMAN 204 15 Lecture 1 1800 onwards: Industrial Revolution Steam engine Fossil fuels (Coal and Oil) Enormous growth: Population 6x Energy use 75x Economy 40x Income 8x 20th century: Used 10x more energy than previous thousand years. Source: Prologue. “Something new under the sun”, J. R. McNeill EMAN 204 16 Lecture 1 Present day Average global citizen has the equivalent of 20 “energy slaves” Huge variability: from 1 to 75 “energy slaves” Global environmental impact (altering global atmospheric chemistry) Global resource depletion Need renewable sources of energy Source: Prologue. “Something new under the sun”, J. R. McNeill EMAN 204 17 Lecture 1 Climate change: the temperature record Source: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/ EMAN 204 18  The Keeling Curve Source: Scripps CO2 program http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu EMAN 204 19  Source: Wikimedia commons EMAN 204 20 Paris Agreement on climate change Goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement: – Keep global warming to well within 2°C above pre-industrial levels. – Try to limit global warming to 1.5°C. We already reached 1.2°C! These goals are ambitious and require urgent changes to how we consume energy. EMAN 204 21 NZ’s commitment to climate change In response to the Paris Agreement, the NZ government is committed by law to: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions in NZ to “net zero” by 2050, excluding biogenic methane. Reduce biogenic methane emissions by 24-47% from 2017 levels by 2050. EMAN 204 22 EMAN 204 EMAN 204 24  New Energy Outlook 2024 EMAN 204 25 Lecture 1  NZ greenhouse gas emissions 2021 Source: Ministry for the Environment, https://environment.govt.nz/news/new-zealands-gross-greenhouse-gas-emissions-decreased-in-2021/ EMAN 204 26 Energy Trilemma Availability of Energy Energy Environment Economy Local and Global Environmental Impacts Economic Well-being EMAN 204 29 Lecture 1 Renewable electricity growing rapidly Solar Photovoltaics Source: Economist magazine EMAN 204 33 Lecture 1 Huge global investment in renewables Source: REN21 Renewables 2022 Global Status Report EMAN 204 34 Lecture 1  World Energy Consumption Other renewables Hydro Nuclear Exajoules Natural gas Oil Coal Data source: Statistical Review of World Energy 2023 EMAN 204 35  NZ Energy Consumption Other renewables Hydro Exajoules Natural gas Oil Coal Data source: Statistical Review of World Energy 2023 EMAN 204 36  China Energy Consumption Other renewables Hydro Nuclear Natural gas Exajoules Oil Coal Data source: Statistical Review of World Energy 2023 EMAN 204 37  UK Energy Consumption Other renewables Natural gas Exajoules Nuclear Oil Coal Data source: Statistical Review of World Energy 2023 EMAN 204 39 Summary The industrial revolution freed human-kind from reliance on human power Energy, the Economy and the Environment are inseparable (encapsulated in the Energy Trilemma) Currently in the middle of an exciting energy transition to a more sustainable energy system EMAN 204 41 Lecture 1 Further Reading Prologue to “Something new under the sun: An Environmental History of the 20th Century”, J. R. McNeil World Energy Trilemma 2015-World Energy Council REN21, Renewables 2022 Global Status Report IEA Sustainable Recovery Report EMAN 204 42 Lecture 1