Technologies for Clean and Renewable Energy Production PDF

TECHNOLOGIES FOR CLEAN AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION INTRODUCTION DR. PRASENJIT MONDAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 1  Energy as an indicator of development CONTENTS  World energy scenario Energy consump...

TECHNOLOGIES FOR CLEAN AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION INTRODUCTION DR. PRASENJIT MONDAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 1  Energy as an indicator of development CONTENTS  World energy scenario Energy consumption Type of energy Future perspective  Indian energy scenario Energy consumption Type of energy Future perspective  Need of clean and renewable energy  Routes for clean energy from fossil fuels  Routes for renewable energy production  Energy conservation 2   Energy as an indicator of development “Energy is the currency of Civilization” and is directly related to the development of a nation (Earth Systems: Processes and Issues, Cambridge Univ. Press 1999) (Credit: 2007; Frank van Mierlo, Wikimedia Commons) India $2762;0.4kW https://www.texasgateway.org/resource/79-world-energy-use 3   Energy as an indicator of development Energy use is strongly related to environmental pollution GDP and energy efficiency are indicator for sustainability  Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within country on annual basis. It includes all of private and public consumption, government outlays, investments and exports less imports that occur within a defined territory. GDP = C + G + I + NX Where C is equal to all consumer spending; G is the sum of government spending; I is the sum of all the country's businesses spending ; NX is the net exports, calculated as total exports minus total imports  Energy Intensity is a measure of the energy efficiency of a nation's economy. It is calculated as energy consumed per $ of GDP produced (MJ/$). 4   Energy as an indicator of development  Energy Efficiency is a $ of GDP produced by the unit amount of energy ($/MJ) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_intensity#/media/File:Gdp-energy-efficiency.jpg 5  World energy scenario Non-OECD energy consumption by region International Energy Outlook 2017 6  World energy consumption by energy source International Energy Outlook 2017 7   Indian energy scenario  Total Electricity Generation : 326832.53 MW(as on 31.03.2017) Central Electricity Authority (CEA) 8   Need of clean and renewable energy  Increasing population growth, energy demand and pollution load  Scarcity of fossil fuels, their degraded quality and emissions from the fossil fuels through conventional routes  Sustainability issue 9 Increasing population growth and energy demand 10 Sox, Nox, methane are also increasing day by day 11 China USA India  Scarcity of fossil fuels and their degraded quality Crude oil reserve is limited Quality of crude oil is degrading Coal is sufficient but quality is not superior NG reserve is limited 13  Emissions from the fossil fuels through conventional routes Elements Emission (g/kWh) Sub-Critical Supercritical CO2 926 835 NOx 2.22 2.00 SO2 6.82 6.16 PM 0.17 0.15 14  Sustainability issue For sustainable development Clean energy - Environment Renewable energy (energy for all) - Social Energy conservation- Economics Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S ocial_sustainability Venn diagram of sustainable development at the confluence of three constituent parts 15  Important routes for clean energy from fossil fuels Energy production through conventional route (combustion) (Higher emissions and environmental effects) Fossil fuels Energy production through cleaner route (Lesser emissions and environmental effects) Introduction of newer techniques Modification of conventional Gasification techniques Oxy fuel combustion Feedstock cleaning Chemical looping Process and design modification Direct liquefaction (heavy crude processing) Visbreaking, delayed coking, Introduction of treatment systems Solvent deasphalting Reforming and DME 16  Important routes for renewable energy production Solar energy Renewable energy production Hydro energy Biomass and wastes to energy Tidal and wave energy Wind energy Geothermal energy 17  Renewable Energy conservation Efficient energy system Energy conservation is the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy used. It may be achieved through efficient energy use, in which case energy use is decreased while achieving a similar outcome, or by reduced consumption of energy services. Guidelines and Regulations practices 18 Ordinary bulb CFL LED http://www.scin d.org/46/Mindbl ower/led-or- cfl.html, accessed on 27.07.18 (Scientific India) 19  EC stands for electronically commutated and combines voltages of both AC and DC bringing the best of both technologies together to form EC http://www.ebmpapst.com.au/en/news/articles/knowledge_series_1/2015_11_hvac_up grades_for_energy_efficiency/15_11_fan_system_upgrades.html Fan System Replacements In HVAC Equipment To Improve Energy Use 20 Thanks 21